Extracting Dynamic Information from EXAFS: Simultaneous Analysis of Multiple Temperature-Dependent Data

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73509/1/S0909049598004336.pd

Use of antidepressants and potential drug interactions in cancer patients treated at a hospital in the Southern Brazil

Justificativa e Objetivos: O câncer é uma doença crônico-degenerativa e seu diagnóstico muitas vezes está associado a sofrimento mental, dúvidas e inseguranças podendo desencadear o aparecimento de sintomas depressivos. Frequentemente, são necessárias medidas farmacológicas para o tratamento destes sintomas. Entretanto, pacientes oncológicos frequentemente utilizam vários medicamentos (polifarmácia) aumentando assim as chances de potencias interações medicamentosas (IM). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso de antidepressivos nos pacientes em tratamento oncológico hospitalizados e as potenciais IM presentes nas prescrições destes pacientes. Métodos: Estudo transversal, prospectivo, descritivo e analítico realizado com pacientes oncológicos com idade ≥ 18 anos, internados em um hospital do sul do Brasil, e cientes de seu diagnóstico. As interações medicamentosas, maiores e contraindicadas, foram analisadas usando as bases de dados Micromedex® e Lexicomp®. Resultados: A amostra foi de 50 pacientes, 54% eram do gênero feminino e a média de idade foi 53,6 (±15,3) anos. Utilizavam medicamentos antidepressivos 42% dos pacientes, sendo o escitalopram (Inibidor Seletivo Recaptação Serotonina) o mais prescrito. Apresentaram algum tipo de potencial interação 90% dos pacientes e estas ocorreram com quaisquer medicamento prescrito ao tratamento. Dos pacientes que utilizavam antidepressivos, 62% apresentaram interações contraindicadas e todos apresentaram pelo menos um caso de interação maior. Os medicamentos mais relacionados a interações medicamentosas contraindicadas foram a dipirona e a metoclopramida. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram um elevado número de IM contraindicadas envolvendo medicamentos antidepressivos. Neste contexto, verifica-se a importância do farmacêutico clínico na monitorização da farmacoterapia destes pacientes

Measurement of the intrinsic damping constant in individual nanodisks of YIG and YIG{\textbar}Pt

We report on an experimental study on the spin-waves relaxation rate in two series of nanodisks of diameter $\phi=$300, 500 and 700~nm, patterned out of two systems: a 20~nm thick yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film grown by pulsed laser deposition either bare or covered by 13~nm of Pt. Using a magnetic resonance force microscope, we measure precisely the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth of each individual YIG and YIG{\textbar}Pt nanodisks. We find that the linewidth in the nanostructure is sensibly smaller than the one measured in the extended film. Analysis of the frequency dependence of the spectral linewidth indicates that the improvement is principally due to the suppression of the inhomogeneous part of the broadening due to geometrical confinement, suggesting that only the homogeneous broadening contributes to the linewidth of the nanostructure. For the bare YIG nano-disks, the broadening is associated to a damping constant $\alpha = 4 \cdot 10^{-4}$. A 3 fold increase of the linewidth is observed for the series with Pt cap layer, attributed to the spin pumping effect. The measured enhancement allows to extract the spin mixing conductance found to be $G_{\uparrow \downarrow}= 1.55 \cdot 10^{14}~ \Omega^{-1}\text{m}^{-2}$ for our YIG(20nm){\textbar}Pt interface, thus opening large opportunities for the design of YIG based nanostructures with optimized magnetic losses.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Adatoms and nanoengineering of carbon

We present a new and general mechanism for inter-conversion of carbon structures via a catalytic exchange process, which operates under conditions of Frenkel pair generation. The mechanism typically lowers reaction barriers by a factor of four compared to equivilent uncatalysed reactions. We examine the relevance of this mechanism for fullerene growth, carbon onions and nanotubes, and dislocations in irradiated graphite.Comment: 3 Figures, 5 Page letter accepted for publication in Chemical Physics Letter

Preparation For Fatherhood: A Role For Olfactory Communication During Human Pregnancy?

There is evidence across a range of bi-parental species that physiological changes may occur in partnered males prior to the birth of an infant. It has been hypothesised that these hormonal changes might facilitate care-giving behaviours, which could augment infant survival. The mechanism that induces these changes has not been identified, but evidence from several species suggests that odour may play a role. The current study investigated this in humans by recording testosterone and psychological measures related to infant interest and care in men (n=91) both before and after exposure to odours from either pregnant women or non-pregnant control women. We found no evidence for an effect of odour cues of pregnancy on psychological measures including self-reported sociosexual orientation and social dominance scores, ratings of infant or adult faces, or testosterone levels. However, we found that brief exposure to post-partum odours significantly increased the reward value of infant faces. Our study is the first to show that the odour of peri-partum women may lead to upregulation of men’s interest in infants

Electronic control of the spin-wave damping in a magnetic insulator

It is demonstrated that the decay time of spin-wave modes existing in a magnetic insulator can be reduced or enhanced by injecting an in-plane dc current, $I_\text{dc}$, in an adjacent normal metal with strong spin-orbit interaction. The demonstration rests upon the measurement of the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth as a function of $I_\text{dc}$ in a 5~$\mu$m diameter YIG(20nm){\textbar}Pt(7nm) disk using a magnetic resonance force microscope (MRFM). Complete compensation of the damping of the fundamental mode is obtained for a current density of $\sim 3 \cdot 10^{11}\text{A.m}^{-2}$, in agreement with theoretical predictions. At this critical threshold the MRFM detects a small change of static magnetization, a behavior consistent with the onset of an auto-oscillation regime.Comment: 6 pages 4 figure

Inverse Spin Hall Effect in nanometer-thick YIG/Pt system

High quality nanometer-thick (20 nm, 7 nm and 4 nm) epitaxial YIG films have been grown on GGG substrates using pulsed laser deposition. The Gilbert damping coefficient for the 20 nm thick films is 2.3 x 10-4 which is the lowest value reported for sub-micrometric thick films. We demonstrate Inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) detection of propagating spin waves using Pt. The amplitude and the lineshape of the ISHE voltage correlate well to the increase of the Gilbert damping when decreasing thickness of YIG. Spin Hall effect based loss-compensation experiments have been conducted but no change in the magnetization dynamics could be detected

Historical, Archaeological, and Geophysical Investigations at Two Proposed Safety Rest Areas, Interstate Highway (IH) 10, Chambers County, Texas

Personnel from Coastal Environments, Inc. (CEI), Moore Archeological Consulting, Inc. (MAC), and the University of Mississippi conducted archaeological and geophysical investigations at the locations of two proposed safety rest areas on opposite sides of Interstate Highway (IH) 10 in Chambers County, Texas. The research was carried out from late August 2006 until late February 2007, under contract to the Environmental Affairs Division of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). MAC archaeologists had previously examined the two rest area tracts in 2001. Their research indicated that the north tract contained a latenineteenth- through early-twentieth-century cemetery, identified as the Broussard Cemetery site (41CH370). Buried within the cemetery are the remains of several members of the locally prominent White family and relatives. The south tract included the remains of a below-ground cistern that likely marked the location of the main house associated with the homestead and ranch of James Taylor White II. It was estimated that this house location, labeled the White Family Cistern site (41CH371), was occupied from ca. 1854 until sometime in the early 1900s. The field investigations examined three specific areas within the two tracts: (1) A small 20-by-45-m area situated about 10 m north of the Broussard Cemetery site where a truck-entrance road is to be built. It was considered possible that unmarked graves located outside the cemetery proper might be present in that area. (2) A 40-by-40-m area within the south tract where MAC personnel had located a piece of whiteware during their earlier investigations. It was thought that a possible outbuilding related to the White homestead might be present in that area. (3) A 110-by-115-m area in the south tract where the main house and most of the White family occupation occurred. The area in the north tract was examined by ground-penetrating radar, resistivity surveys and mechanical stripping of anomalies recognized by the geophysical research. The small square area in the south tract was examined by systematic shovel tests. The large area in the south tract was investigated by systematic shovel tests, a metal detector survey, a geophysical search that included magnetometer and electromagnetic susceptibility surveys, a limited ground-truth assessment of selected anomalies that had been identified by the geophysical surveys, mechanical stripping of other anomalies recognized by the geophysical research, plus the controlled excavation of a few small units in locations where the stripping uncovered potential cultural features. Overall, the various investigations identified the location, orientation, and dimensions of the White family house and its associated kitchen, a rich sheet midden situated to the rear of the house, and several possible outbuildings located to the sides of the structure. Numerous artifacts indicative of the period of suspected occupation were collected, including hundreds of pieces of metal, ceramic fragments, and glass. A few animal bones and plant remains also were obtained. Although the present study did not call for a detailed analysis of these items, such should prove useful in the future. Given these results, it is clear that site 41CH371 is eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Additional archaeological investigations at selected portions of the site are recommended, along with further archival and historical research. Accordingly, construction of the rest area in the south tract should be delayed until the recommended investigations are completed. The small area examined in the north tract near site 41CH370 failed to yield any evidence of burials. Since the cemetery itself will be avoided during construction, no further archaeological work is considered necessary in the north tract. Thus, construction of the rest area within the north tract may proceed as planned