Rapeseed proteins – Production methods and possible application ranges

The worldwide increasing demand in proteins for human nutrition and animal feeding leads to a growing interest in novel protein sources. Therefore, rapeseed as an established raw material for the production of edible oils could be a promising alternative, as large amounts of press cakes and residues of oil extraction are available. Integrated fractionizing processes for simultaneous oil and protein isolation using aqueous-alcoholic extraction or adsorption techniques open many opportunities for new protein ingredients from rapeseed. The present manuscript compares two strategies to identify a suitable process for achieving highly functional ingredients for the use in food applications such as sausages, bakery products or mayonnaise. One process was based on hulling of the rapeseed kernels followed by an aqueous-alcoholic-extraction of the de-oiled flour. Based on this process, protein ingredients with about 60% protein content, but only poor functional properties could be produced. The application concentration of this ingredient was limited to 2%, because of oily and strawy off-flavors. Isolates with protein contents higher than 90% and improved sensory and functional properties could be achieved with an aqueous extraction followed by adsorption of secondary plant metabolites on specific resins and an ultrafiltration of the aqueous extract. This process enables the production of protein isolates with reduced off-flavors and optimized functional profiles. In several food applications a very promising utilization potential of these ingredients could be confirmed

Rapeseed proteins – Production methods and possible application ranges

The worldwide increasing demand in proteins for human nutrition and animal feeding leads to a growing interest in novel protein sources. Therefore, rapeseed as an established raw material for the production of edible oils could be a promising alternative, as large amounts of press cakes and residues of oil extraction are available. Integrated fractionizing processes for simultaneous oil and protein isolation using aqueous-alcoholic extraction or adsorption techniques open many opportunities for new protein ingredients from rapeseed. The present manuscript compares two strategies to identify a suitable process for achieving highly functional ingredients for the use in food applications such as sausages, bakery products or mayonnaise. One process was based on hulling of the rapeseed kernels followed by an aqueous-alcoholic-extraction of the de-oiled flour. Based on this process, protein ingredients with about 60% protein content, but only poor functional properties could be produced. The application concentration of this ingredient was limited to 2%, because of oily and strawy off-flavors. Isolates with protein contents higher than 90% and improved sensory and functional properties could be achieved with an aqueous extraction followed by adsorption of secondary plant metabolites on specific resins and an ultrafiltration of the aqueous extract. This process enables the production of protein isolates with reduced off-flavors and optimized functional profiles. In several food applications a very promising utilization potential of these ingredients could be confirmed

Rapeseed proteins – Production methods and possible application ranges

The worldwide increasing demand in proteins for human nutrition and animal feeding leads to a growing interest in novel protein sources. Therefore, rapeseed as an established raw material for the production of edible oils could be a promising alternative, as large amounts of press cakes and residues of oil extraction are available. Integrated fractionizing processes for simultaneous oil and protein isolation using aqueous-alcoholic extraction or adsorption techniques open many opportunities for new protein ingredients from rapeseed. The present manuscript compares two strategies to identify a suitable process for achieving highly functional ingredients for the use in food applications such as sausages, bakery products or mayonnaise. One process was based on hulling of the rapeseed kernels followed by an aqueous-alcoholic-extraction of the de-oiled flour. Based on this process, protein ingredients with about 60% protein content, but only poor functional properties could be produced. The application concentration of this ingredient was limited to 2%, because of oily and strawy off-flavors. Isolates with protein contents higher than 90% and improved sensory and functional properties could be achieved with an aqueous extraction followed by adsorption of secondary plant metabolites on specific resins and an ultrafiltration of the aqueous extract. This process enables the production of protein isolates with reduced off-flavors and optimized functional profiles. In several food applications a very promising utilization potential of these ingredients could be confirmed

Enzymatic esterification of free fatty acids in vegetable oils utilizing different immobilized lipases

Different immobilized lipases were screened for their ability to esterify free fatty acids (FFA) with monoacylglycerol (MAG) as acyl-group acceptor. A lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme RMIM) was the most suitable for lipase-catalyzed de-acidification—a promising alternative to conventional neutralization. A reduction of the FFA content to 0.6 % (w/w) was achieved by applying a substrate with an initial FFA-content of 6 % (w/w), the reaction at 50 °C for 22 h as well as the stepwise addition of a quadruple stoichiometric amount of MAG

Adhesive based on micellar lupin protein isolate exhibiting oxygen barrier properties

In order to minimize the utilization of non‐renewable fossil resources, novel polymer sources for food packaging are being investigated. Micellar Lupin Protein (MLP), produced by dilution precipitation has great potential as functional laminating adhesive due to its high adhesion‐ and oxygen‐barrier properties. Formulations of MLP are used as laminating adhesive between high density‐polyethylene foil and paper as well as coating for poly(ethylene terephthalate) foil. The application of glycerol, sorbitol and combinations thereof as plasticizers are being investigated. Adhesive behavior as well as oxygen‐ and water vapor barrier properties were tested. The addition of both plasticizers enabled the preparation of processable coatings showing coherent and homogeneous morphology with improved adhesive behavior and oxygen barrier. When using sorbitol oxygen permeation coefficients of 0.93 cm3 (STP) 100 µm m−2 d−1 bar−1 were achieved. The laminates containing only sorbitol provided adhesion properties comparable to standard polyurethane laminates with cohesion failure in 100% of the by T‐Peel‐Test examined cases

Identification of polybutene-1 (PB-1) in easy peel polymer structures

Polybutene-1 (PB-1) is dispersed via extrusion in polyethylene (PE) based sealing layers to achieve ‘easy peel’ properties. PB-1 forms islands there. During opening of packagings with such sealing layers, cohesive fracture occurs within the sealed area along these PB-1 islands. The aim of this study was to find suitable methods for the identification of PB-1 in such PE based sealing layers. For this investigation PE-LD films with 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 wt.-% PB-1 were extruded. FTIR spectroscopy and FTIR microscopy are suitable methods to identify low concentrations PB-1 in PE-LD layers in opposite to GC-FID and DSC. Raman spectroscopy is a suitable method to distinguish PB-1 from PE-LD

Virtual histology of cortical thickness and shared neurobiology in 6 psychiatric disorders

Importance Large-scale neuroimaging studies have revealed group differences in cortical thickness across many psychiatric disorders. The underlying neurobiology behind these differences is not well understood. Objective To determine neurobiologic correlates of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls in 6 disorders: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia. Design, Setting, and Participants Profiles of group differences in cortical thickness between cases and controls were generated using T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. Similarity between interregional profiles of cell-specific gene expression and those in the group differences in cortical thickness were investigated in each disorder. Next, principal component analysis was used to reveal a shared profile of group difference in thickness across the disorders. Analysis for gene coexpression, clustering, and enrichment for genes associated with these disorders were conducted. Data analysis was conducted between June and December 2019. The analysis included 145 cohorts across 6 psychiatric disorders drawn from the ENIGMA consortium. The numbers of cases and controls in each of the 6 disorders were as follows: ADHD: 1814 and 1602; ASD: 1748 and 1770; BD: 1547 and 3405; MDD: 2658 and 3572; OCD: 2266 and 2007; and schizophrenia: 2688 and 3244. Main Outcomes and Measures Interregional profiles of group difference in cortical thickness between cases and controls. Results A total of 12 721 cases and 15 600 controls, ranging from ages 2 to 89 years, were included in this study. Interregional profiles of group differences in cortical thickness for each of the 6 psychiatric disorders were associated with profiles of gene expression specific to pyramidal (CA1) cells, astrocytes (except for BD), and microglia (except for OCD); collectively, gene-expression profiles of the 3 cell types explain between 25% and 54% of variance in interregional profiles of group differences in cortical thickness. Principal component analysis revealed a shared profile of difference in cortical thickness across the 6 disorders (48% variance explained); interregional profile of this principal component 1 was associated with that of the pyramidal-cell gene expression (explaining 56% of interregional variation). Coexpression analyses of these genes revealed 2 clusters: (1) a prenatal cluster enriched with genes involved in neurodevelopmental (axon guidance) processes and (2) a postnatal cluster enriched with genes involved in synaptic activity and plasticity-related processes. These clusters were enriched with genes associated with all 6 psychiatric disorders. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, shared neurobiologic processes were associated with differences in cortical thickness across multiple psychiatric disorders. These processes implicate a common role of prenatal development and postnatal functioning of the cerebral cortex in these disorders