Bio-composting oil palm waste for improvement of soil fertility

Sources of bio-compost as agro-industrial wastes includes wide range of oil palm wastes viz. waste, biomass, palm kernels, empty fruit bunch, mill effluent, trunk and frond compost. Various composting processes are summarized in brief with distinct reference of oil–palm composting covering aerated static pile, and co-composting with earthworms (vermicomposting). However, in-vessel composting and windrow composting has meritorious advantages in composting. This review article refers to various significant roles played by microorganisms associated. Noteworthy study of bio-compost applications and procedures are correspondingly glosses framework of ecological, economical and agro-ecosystemic benefits

Serum Biochemical, Hormonal and Fatty Acid Profiles During the Late Gestation of Pregnancy Ketosis in Boer Cross Goats

Pregnancy ketosis has been recognized as one of the common metabolic disease affecting goat’s meat and milk production. For the present study, sixteen (n=16) individuals of pregnant does at day 80 of pregnancy had been used. A total of 8 does were categorized as control group (healthy pregnant goats), were fed on Napier grass and goat concentrate with water ad libitum, and another 8 does were considered as treatment group which categorized as ketosis based on the clinical signs and presence of ketone body in urine. Blood sample were collected from all goats for biochemical profiles analysis which were glucose, Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), free fatty acid (FFA), calcium, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride), liver enzyme and hormonal levels (cortisol and insulin). Three does from each group were slaughtered and liver samples were collected for fatty acid profiles study. In this study, the BHBA, FFA, calcium, amino aspartate transferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and cortisol hormone were significantly higher in pregnancy ketosis goats as compared to control group. Meanwhile, the concentration of glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride and insulin hormones were lower in pregnancy ketosis goats as compared to control. Furthermore, the fatty acid composition in blood plasma of pregnant goat with ketosis showed higher level of palmitic, stearic and oleic acid, while in liver, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid was found higher

In her shoes : transnational digital solidarity with Muslim women, or the hijab?

Transnational solidarity has been taken up by feminist scholars, social scientists and activists who discuss or practice solidarity with the plights of different individuals, groups, and communities. This paper addresses transnational solidarity by investigating World Hijab Day, a campaign that shows solidarity with Muslim women by encouraging non‐Muslim women to temporarily wear the hijab. By analysing online activities and social media of the campaign, and investigating public debates surrounding it, the paper explores the centrality of the hijab as the unifying symbol. Results include reflections on the representations of female Muslimness, the hijab and gender roles in the campaign and insights on implications and possibility of transnational digital solidarity. Using the data, and drawing on literature of transnational solidarity, significance and implications of transnational activism in different online and digital geographies of solidarity are interrogated. The conclusion discusses the values and limits of solidarity activism that is based on notions or symbols of similarity or sameness and the role cyberspace plays in transnational reach of the campaign, and in creating online proximity

Impact characteristics of soft composites using shear thickening fluid and natural rubber - a review of current status

The main focus of this review is on soft composites, relatively new to the literature. The ballistic fabrics, mechanism of ballistic energy absorption and parameters affect the ballistic performance of fabrics are reviewed. Adding shear thickening fluid (STF) and natural rubber (NR) to fabric and their potential to enhance the impact performance of woven fabrics are considered. Shear thickening mechanism, parameters influence the Shear thickening and impact response of fabric/STF composite are explored. Numerical modelling techniques for the estimation of impact resistance of fabric/STF are outlined. Also the role of shear thickening fluid in energy absorption of fabric/STF composite was investigated. Moreover mechanical and impact characteristics of elastomeric composites which contain one rubbery part as either matrix or completely separate media are explored as well, which have not been considered within previous review papers so far