Urbanise in roman times: rituality and practicality. Proposal for an approved execution procedure

En época romana la orientación conferida a las construcciones solía tener significados simbólicos, reflejos de una ritualidad, especialmente en el caso de ciudades o santua - rios. Aunque también podía responder simplemente a cuestio - nes de tipo práctico. En cualquier caso, el beneplácito de los dioses era condición sine qua non para iniciar la obra y dibu - jar sobre el terreno el diseño de la misma. Frente a la cuestión de su significado, se plantea una pregunta: ¿cuál fue el proce - dimiento de ejecución? En publicaciones precedentes, nues - tra propuesta iba encaminada a identificar sistemas utiliza - dos para conferir a las obras una orientación determinada. En este artículo planteamos un modelo de operar que va en para - lelo con las interpretaciones dadas a las orientaciones, ya sean simbólicas o prácticas, proponiendo como modo de ejecución el explicado por Nypsius en el siglo I d.C. al describir la téc - nica de la varatio.In Roman times, the orientation given to the build - ings usually had symbolic meanings, reflection of a ritual, es - pecially in the case of cities or sanctuaries, although the ori - entation could also simply respond to practical issues. In any case, the gods’ support was essential for the beginning of the works, and the drawing of the design on the ground. Besides the topic of the meaning of the orientations, another question arises: what was the procedure? In previous publications, our proposal was intended to identify the systems used to give the works a certain orientation. In this paper we propose im - plementation rules which run parallel with the symbolic or pragmatic interpretations of orientations, proposing as the ex - ecution procedure the one explained by Nypsius in the first century AD when he describes the technique of varatio

Urbanise in Roman times: rituality and practicality

dx.doi.org/10.12795/spal.2017i26.05En época romana la orientación conferida a las construcciones solía tener significados simbólicos, reflejos de una ritualidad, especialmente en el caso de ciudades o santuarios. Aunque también podía responder simplemente a cuestiones de tipo práctico. En cualquier caso, el beneplácito de los dioses era condición sine qua non para iniciar la obra y dibujar sobre el terreno el diseño de la misma. Frente a la cuestión de su significado, se plantea una pregunta: ¿cuál fue el procedimiento de ejecución? En publicaciones precedentes, nuestra propuesta iba encaminada a identificar sistemas utilizados para conferir a las obras una orientación determinada. En este artículo planteamos un modelo de operar que va en paralelo con las interpretaciones dadas a las orientaciones, ya sean simbólicas o prácticas, proponiendo como modo de ejecución el explicado por Nypsius en el siglo I d.C. al describir la técnica de la varatio.In Roman times, the orientation given to the buildings usually had symbolic meanings, reflection of a ritual, especially in the case of cities or sanctuaries, although the orientation could also simply respond to practical issues. In any case, the gods’ support was essential for the beginning of the works, and the drawing of the design on the ground. Besides the topic of the meaning of the orientations, another question arises: what was the procedure? In previous publications, our proposal was intended to identify the systems used to give the works a certain orientation. In this paper we propose implementation rules which run parallel with the symbolic or pragmatic interpretations of orientations, proposing as the execution procedure the one explained by Nypsius in the first century AD when he describes the technique of varatio

Forecasting confined spatiotemporal chaos with genetic algorithms

A technique to forecast spatiotemporal time series is presented. it uses a Proper Ortogonal or Karhunen-Lo\`{e}ve Decomposition to encode large spatiotemporal data sets in a few time-series, and Genetic Algorithms to efficiently extract dynamical rules from the data. The method works very well for confined systems displaying spatiotemporal chaos, as exemplified here by forecasting the evolution of the onedimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau equation in a finite domain.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Metastatic pheochromocytoma to liver without elevation of metanephrines and catecholamines

AbstractIntroductionMalignant pheochromocytoma represents 10% of all patients with pheochromocytoma. Of these cases, only 5–9% presents without elevation of metanephrines and catecholamines.Presentation of caseA 43-year-old female patient presented with an abdominal tumor. An exploratory laparotomy was performed and the final report was a pheochromocytoma. After ten years, multiple liver lesions were detected and surgical treatment was performed. Pathological evaluation revealed a malignant pheochromocytoma with negative margins after 5 years of follow-up without evidence of disease.DiscussionThe recurrence rate of malignant pheochromocytoma is 15–20% at ten years and a 5-year survival rate that ranges from 50% to 80%. The presence of synchronous metastases is rare (10–27%), but have been reported until 20 years later with the most common metastatic sites being the local lymph nodes, bone (50%), liver (50%) and lung (30%). The prognostic factor such as size >6cm, age over 45 years, synchronous metastasis and no tumor excision are related with poor prognosis.ConclusionSurgical treatment offers the best survival rate and the only chance of cure so far and the goal is an R0 resection as in our case. So it should be the treatment of choice

Secondary LS category of measured laminations

In the author's Ph.D., a version of the tangential LS category for foliated spaces depending on a transverse invariant measure, called the measured category, was introduced. Unfortunately, the measured category vanishes easily. When it is zero, the rate of convergence to zero of the quantity involved in the definition, by taking arbitrarily large homotopies, gives a new invariant, called the secondary measured category. Several versions of classical results are proved for the secondary measured category. It is also shown that the secondary measured category is a transverse invariant related to the growth of (pseudo)groups. The equality between secondary category and the growth of a group is done in the case of free suspensions by Rohlin groups.Comment: 14 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1112.500

Participación ciudadana en la radio comunitaria en la región central de Ecuador

El artículo analiza la labor que cumplen las radios comunitarias de la región central de Ecuador a fin de promover el progreso social, mediante el fomento de procesos participativos que garanticen el empoderamiento de la comunidad en la administración y creación de contenidos radiofónicos. De esta manera se utiliza metodologías cualitativas a través de entrevistas aplicadas a 12 directores y 36 locutores, con el fin de identificar cuál es el modelo de gestión de las radios comunitarias, cómo se vincula al personal que labora en dichas emisoras, las tipologías de financiamiento con la cual se solventan, las diversas estrategias de participación en la programación radial y las acciones que ha emprendido el Gobierno de Ecuador en favor de las radios estudiadas. Finalmente, se determina que sumado al conocido problema económico se evidencia que no existen estrategias de comunicación horizontal que faciliten el empoderamiento de los ciudadanos alrededor del medio de comunicación. La Ley Orgánica de Comunicación no diversifica a las radios comunitarias para que en función de sus diferencias se impulse una intervención equitativa en el espectro radioeléctrico. Así mismo no impulsa el empoderamiento de la gente como voluntarios. El tema de capacitación es una necesidad que puede ser satisfecha desde la academia.//The article analyzes the work done by community radio stations in the central region of Ecuador in order to promote social progress through the promotion of participatory processes that guarantee the empowerment of the community in the administration and creation of radio content. In this way, qualitative methodologies are used through interviews applied to 12 directors and 36 broadcasters in order to identify the management model of community radio stations, how the staff working in these stations are linked, the types of financing with which they are financed, the various strategies for participation in radio programming and the actions undertaken by the Government of Ecuador in favour of the radio stations studied. Finally, it is determined that added to the well-known economic problem, it is evident that there are no horizontal communication strategies that facilitate the empowerment of citizens around the media. The Organic Law on Communication does not diversify community radio stations so that, depending on their differences, an equitable intervention in the radio spectrum is promoted. Likewise, it does not promote the empowerment of people as volunteers. The issue of training is a need that can be satisfied from the academy

Evolutionary Analysis of Mitogenomes from Parasitic and Free-Living Flatworms

Copyright: © 2015 Solà et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The attached file is the published version of the article

Valorización de fosfoyeso como material de construcción: Aspectos radiológicos

Nowadays, alternative uses of phosphogypsum (PG) in the building industry are being considered in several countries; however, the natural radioactivity level in the PG could be a restriction for those uses. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) classified PG as Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (TENORM). This drawback could be avoided controlling its percentage in the cement preparation and the radionuclides content in the other raw materials used in its production, and calculating the activity concentration index (I) in the final by-products. The valorization of PG as a building material has been studied, from a radiological point of view, by developing a new stabilisation/solidification process. PG is incorporated within a polymeric sulphur matrix, obtaining a concrete-like material, which presents lower natural radioactive content than the initial PG. The 226Ra content of this material ranged between 26-27 Bq·kg-1 and it is quite similar to that of common Spanish building materials.Actualmente, en muchos países se está contemplando el uso alternativo del fosfoyeso (PG) en la industria de la construcción, aunque su contenido en radionucleidos naturales puede presentar ciertas restricciones para dicha aplicación (material clasificado por la US-EPA como TENORM: “Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Materials). No obstante, estos inconvenientes podrían paliarse controlando el porcentaje del PG y los niveles de radioactividad en las materias primas a incorporar al cemento y calculando el índice de concentración de actividad (I) en los productos finales. La valorización del PG como material de construcción se ha estudiado en este trabajo desde el punto de vista radiológico, desarrollando un nuevo proceso de estabilización/solidificación, obteniéndose un material de características similares al cemento y que presenta menor contenido de radionucleidos naturales que el PG inicial. Los niveles de 226Ra de este material (26-27 Bq·kg-1) son similares a los de algunos materiales de construcción utilizados comúnmente en España

Cohomological tautness for Riemannian foliations

In this paper we present some new results on the tautness of Riemannian foliations in their historical context. The first part of the paper gives a short history of the problem. For a closed manifold, the tautness of a Riemannian foliation can be characterized cohomologically. We extend this cohomological characterization to a class of foliations which includes the foliated strata of any singular Riemannian foliation of a closed manifold