Naturwaldreservateforschung in der Rhön – unerwarteter Artenreichtum

Die seit 1990 von Hessen-Forst und dem Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg gemeinsam durchgeführten Langzeitstudien in hessischen Naturwaldreservaten (NWR) haben zum Ziel, einen Einblick in den Bestand und damit die Biodiversität der Pflanzen- und Tierwelt aller in Hessen vertretenen Waldgesellschaften zu bekommen und die Entwicklungen dieser Lebensgemeinschaften in bewirtschafteten sowie unbewirtschafteten Wäldern zu begleiten. Bei hessischen Naturwaldreservaten handelt es sich also vorrangig um Forschungsflächen, wenn auch um solche mit teilweise hohem Naturschutzpotenzial. Insgesamt gibt es in Hessen 31 solcher Flächen, zu einigen existieren bereits umfangreiche Ergebnisse (ALTHOFF et al. 1993, DOROW et al. 1992, 2001, 2004a,b, 2005, FLECHTNER et al. 1999, 2000, WILLIG 2002). Im Biosphärenreservat Rhön (Forstamt Hofbieber) liegen die beiden Naturwaldreservate „Langenstüttig“ und „Stirnberg“. Beide sind montane Waldgersten-Buchenwälder auf Basalt

Lunar Exploration Orbiter (LEO): Providing a Globally Covered, Highly Resolved, Integrated Geological, Geochemical and Gephysical Data Base of the Moon

The German initiative for the Lunar Exploration Orbiter (LEO) originated from the national conference “Exploration of our Solar System”, held in Dresden in November 2006. Major result of this conference was that the Moon is of high interest for the scientific community for various reasons, it is affordable to perform an orbiting mission to Moon and it insures technological and scientific progress necessary to assist further exploration activities of our Solar System. Based on scientific proposals elaborated by 50 German scientists in January 2007, a preliminary payload of 12 instruments was defined. Further analysis were initated by DLR in the frame of two industry contracts, to perform a phase-zero mission definition. The Moon, our next neighbour in the Solar System is the first choice to learn, how to work and live without the chance of immediate support from earth and to get prepared for further and farther exploration missions. We have to improve our scientific knowledge base with respect to the Moon applying modern and state of the art research tools and methods. LEO is planed to be launched in 2012 and shall orbit the Moon for about four years in a low altitude orbit

Technical note: Introduction of a superconducting gravimeter as novel hydrological sensor for the Alpine research catchment Zugspitze

GFZ (German Research Centre for Geosciences) set up the Zugspitze Geodynamic Observatory Germany with a worldwide unique installation of a superconducting gravimeter at the summit of Mount Zugspitze on top of the Partnach spring catchment. This high alpine catchment is well instrumented, acts as natural lysimeter and has significant importance for water supply to its forelands, with a large mean annual precipitation of 2080ĝ€¯mm and a long seasonal snow cover period of 9 months, while showing a high sensitivity to climate change. However, regarding the majority of alpine regions worldwide, there is only limited knowledge on temporal water storage variations due to sparsely distributed hydrological and meteorological sensors and the large variability and complexity of signals in alpine terrain. This underlines the importance of well-equipped areas such as Mount Zugspitze serving as natural test laboratories for improved monitoring, understanding and prediction of alpine hydrological processes. The observatory superconducting gravimeter, OSG 052, supplements the existing sensor network as a novel hydrological sensor system for the direct observation of the integral gravity effect of total water storage variations in the alpine research catchment at Zugspitze. Besides the experimental set-up and the available data sets, the gravimetric methods and gravity residuals are presented based on the first 27 months of observations from 29 December 2018 to 31 March 2021. The snowpack is identified as being a primary contributor to seasonal water storage variations and, thus, to the gravity residuals with a signal range of up to 750ĝ€¯nms-2 corresponding to 1957ĝ€¯mm snow water equivalent measured with a snow scale at an altitude of 2420ĝ€¯m at the end of May 2019. Hydro-gravimetric sensitivity analysis reveal a snow-gravimetric footprint of up to 4ĝ€¯km distance around the gravimeter, with a dominant gravity contribution from the snowpack in the Partnach spring catchment. This shows that the hydro-gravimetric approach delivers representative integral insights into the water balance of this high alpine site. © Copyright

Current state of quality of life and patient-reported outcomes research

The 5th EORTC Quality of Life in Cancer Clinical Trials Conference presented the current state of quality of life and other patient-reported outcomes (PROs) research from the perspectives of researchers, regulators, industry representatives, patients and patient advocates and health care professionals. A major theme was the assessment of the burden of cancer treatments, and this was discussed in terms of regulatory challenges in using PRO assessments in clinical trials, patients' experiences in cancer clinical trials, innovative methods and standardisation in cancer research, innovative methods across the disease sites or populations and cancer survivorship. Conferees demonstrated that PROs are becoming more accepted and major efforts are ongoing internationally to standardise PROs measurement, analysis and reporting in trials. Regulators are keen to collaborate with all stakeholders to ensure that the right questions are asked and the right answers are communicated. Improved technology and increased flexibility of measurement instruments are making PROs data more robust. Patients are being encouraged to be patient partners. International collaborations are essential, because this work cannot be accomplished on a national level

Minimal clinically meaningful differences for the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-BN20 scales in brain cancer patients

Background: We aimed to determine the smallest changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores in the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire core 30 and the Brain Cancer Module (QLQ-BN20), which could be considered as clinically meaningful in brain cancer patients. Materials and methods: World Health Organisation performance status (PS) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) were used as clinical anchors appropriate to related subscales to determine the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) in HRQoL change scores (range 0-100) in the QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BN20. A threshold of 0.2 standard deviation (SD) (small effect) was used to exclude anchor-based MCID estimates considered too small to inform interpretation. Results: Based on PS, our findings support the following integer estimates of the MCID for improvement and deterioration, respectively: physical (6, 9), role (14, 12), and cognitive functioning (8, 8); global health status (7, 4*), fatigue (12, 9), and motor dysfunction (4*, 5). Anchoring with MMSE, cognitive functioning MCID estimates for improvement and deterioration were (11, 2*) and for communication deficit were (9, 7). Estimates with asterisks were <0.2 SD and were excluded from our MCID range of 5-14. Conclusion: These estimates can help clinicians evaluate changes in HRQoL over time, assess the value of a health care intervention and can be useful in determining sample sizes in designing future clinical trial

Accounting for residual errors in atmosphere–ocean background models applied in satellite gravimetry

The Atmosphere and Ocean non-tidal De-aliasing Level-1B (AOD1B) product is widely used in precise orbit determination and satellite gravimetry to correct for transient effects of atmosphere–ocean mass variability that would otherwise alias into monthly mean global gravity fields. The most recent release is based on the global ERA5 reanalysis and ECMWF operational data together with simulations from the general ocean circulation model MPIOM consistently forced with fields from the corresponding atmospheric dataset. As background models are inevitably imperfect, residual errors will consequently propagate into the resulting geodetic products. Accounting for uncertainties of the background model data in a statistical sense, however, has been shown before to be a useful approach to mitigate the impact of residual errors leading to temporal aliasing artefacts. In light of the changes made in the new release RL07 of AOD1B, previous uncertainty assessments are deemed too pessimistic and thus need to be revisited. We here present an analysis of the residual errors in AOD1B RL07 based on ensemble statistics derived from different atmospheric reanalyses, including ERA5, MERRA2 and JRA55. For the oceans, we investigate the impact of both the forced and intrinsic variability through differences in MPIOM simulation experiments. The atmospheric and oceanic information is then combined to produce a new time-series of true errors, called AOe07, which is applicable in combination with AOD1B RL07. AOe07 is further complemented by a new spatial error variance–covariance matrix. Results from gravity field recovery simulation experiments for the planned Mass-Change and Geosciences International Constellation (MAGIC) based on GFZ’s EPOS software demonstrate improvements that can be expected from rigorously implementing the newly available stochastic information from AOD1B RL07 into the gravity field estimation process. © The Author(s) 2024

Combination Service for Time-variable Gravity Fields (COST-G): operations and new developments

Since its start of operations in July 2019, IAGâ?Ts Combination Service for Time-variable Gravity fields (COST-G) is providing a complete time-series of combined monthly GRACE gravity fields and a regularly updated time-series of monthly gravity fields derived from kinematic Swarm orbits. Starting from October 2020, the COST-G product line is complemented by a time-series of operationally combined and monthly updated GRACE-FO gravity fields. All these combinations are performed by variance component estimation on the solution level. We report on new developments, i.e., a planned extension of COST-G to include Chinese analysis centers of GRACE and GRACE-FO data, a re-consideration of the combination strategy to better focus on the range of spherical harmonic coefficients most relevant for the users, and the potential application of COST-G products for orbit determination of altimeter satellites

GravIS: mass anomaly products from satellite gravimetry

Accurately quantifying global mass changes at the Earth's surface is essential for understanding climate system dynamics and their evolution. Satellite gravimetry, as realized with the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) missions, is the only currently operative remote sensing technique that can track large-scale mass variations, making it a unique monitoring opportunity for various geoscientific disciplines. To facilitate easy accessibility of GRACE and GRACE-FO (GRACE/-FO in the following) results (also beyond the geodetic community), the Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) developed the Gravity Information Service (GravIS) portal (https://gravis.gfz.de, last access: 21 January 2025). This work aims to introduce the user-friendly mass anomaly products provided at GravIS that are specifically processed for hydrology, glaciology, and oceanography applications. These mass change data, available in both a gridded representation and as time series for predefined regions, are routinely updated when new monthly GRACE/-FO gravity field models become available. The associated GravIS web portal visualizes and describes the products, demonstrating their usefulness for various studies and applications in the geosciences. Together with GFZ's complementary information portal https://www.globalwaterstorage.info/ (last access: 21 January 2025), GravIS supports widening the dissemination of knowledge about satellite gravimetry in science and society and highlights the significance and contributions of the GRACE/-FO missions for understanding changes in the climate system. The GravIS products, divided into several data sets corresponding to their specific application, are available at https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.GRAVIS_06_L2B (Dahle and Murböck, 2019), https://doi.org/10.5880/COST-G.GRAVIS_01_L2B (Dahle and Murböck, 2020), https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.GRAVIS_06_L3_ICE (Sasgen et al., 2019), https://doi.org/10.5880/COST-G.GRAVIS.5880/GFZ.GRAVIS_01_L3_ICE (Sasgen et al., 2020), https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.GRAVIS_06_L3_TWS (Boergens et al., 2019), https://doi.org/10.5880/COST-G.GRAVIS_01_L3_TWS (Boergens et al., 2020a), https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.GRAVIS_06_L3_OBP (Dobslaw et al., 2019), and https://doi.org/10.5880/COST-G.GRAVIS_01_L3_OBP (Dobslaw et al., 2020a).</p