Venous hemodynamics in neurological disorders: an analytical review with hydrodynamic analysis.

Venous abnormalities contribute to the pathophysiology of several neurological conditions. This paper reviews the literature regarding venous abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS), leukoaraiosis, and normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). The review is supplemented with hydrodynamic analysis to assess the effects on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and cerebral blood flow (CBF) of venous hypertension in general, and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) in particular.CCSVI-like venous anomalies seem unlikely to account for reduced CBF in patients with MS, thus other mechanisms must be at work, which increase the hydraulic resistance of the cerebral vascular bed in MS. Similarly, hydrodynamic changes appear to be responsible for reduced CBF in leukoaraiosis. The hydrodynamic properties of the periventricular veins make these vessels particularly vulnerable to ischemia and plaque formation.Venous hypertension in the dural sinuses can alter intracranial compliance. Consequently, venous hypertension may change the CSF dynamics, affecting the intracranial windkessel mechanism. MS and NPH appear to share some similar characteristics, with both conditions exhibiting increased CSF pulsatility in the aqueduct of Sylvius.CCSVI appears to be a real phenomenon associated with MS, which causes venous hypertension in the dural sinuses. However, the role of CCSVI in the pathophysiology of MS remains unclear

Light paintings

Opinnäytetyössäni käsittelen omaa taiteellista tuotantoani. Aluksi kerron kuinka olen päätynyt tekemään sitä mitä teen ja esittelen kuvasarjani. Tämän jälkeen käyn läpi käsitteitä, jotka liittyvät työhöni. Oma työskentelyni on kehittynyt kohti valon kuvaamista. Kuvaan valoa tietyn ajan kuluessa tai aikaa tietyssä valossa. Miten päin asiaa haluaakaan ajatella. Tutkin valon luonteita vuorokauden- ja vuodenaikojen muutoksina. Kuinka erilainen valo on eri aikoina? Miten se muuttaa kohdettaan? Ja kuinka se suhteutuu ympäristön väreihin? Tekstissäni perehdyn valoon Claude Monetin kautta. Kävelyllä on ollut tärkeä merkitys teosteni synnylle. Se toimii inspiraation lähteenä ja oli merkittävässä roolissa ensimmäisissä sarjoissani. Käsittelen kävelyn teemaa Richard Longin työskentelyn avulla. Aika, vuodenajat, toisto ja sattuma, sekä valokuvauksen ja maalauksen suhde ovat aiheina seuraavissa luvuissa. Käyn näitä asioita läpi taiteilijoiden avulla, joiden teoksiin ja työskentelyyn olen tutustunut kirjoittaessani tätä lopputyötä. Yhteistä kaikille valitsemilleni taiteilijoille tai teoksille on pitkien ajanjaksojen käyttäminen. Muita yhdistäviä tekijöitä ovat työskentelymetodit, tekniikka tai visuaalinen lopputulos

Keys to success of a community of clinical practice in primary care : a qualitative evaluation of the ECOPIH project

The current reality of primary care (PC) makes it essential to have telemedicine systems available to facilitate communication between care levels. Communities of practice have great potential in terms of care and education, and that is why the Online Communication Tool between Primary and Hospital Care was created. This tool enables PC and non-GP specialist care (SC) professionals to raise clinical cases for consultation and to share information. The objective of this article is to explore healthcare professionals' views on communities of clinical practice (CoCPs) and the changes that need to be made in an uncontrolled real-life setting after more than two years of use. A descriptive-interpretative qualitative study was conducted on a total of 29 healthcare professionals who were users and non-users of a CoCP using 2 focus groups, 3 triangular groups and 5 individual interviews. There were 18 women, 21 physicians and 8 nurses. Of the interviewees, 21 were PC professionals, 24 were users of a CoCP and 7 held managerial positions. For a system of communication between PC and SC to become a tool that is habitually used and very useful, the interviewees considered that it would have to be able to find quick, effective solutions to the queries raised, based on up-to-date information that is directly applicable to daily clinical practice. Contact should be virtual - and probably collaborative - via a platform integrated into their habitual workstations and led by PC professionals. Organisational changes should be implemented to enable users to have more time in their working day to spend on the tool, and professionals should have a proactive attitude in order to make the most if its potential. It is also important to make certain technological changes, basically aimed at improving the tool's accessibility, by integrating it into habitual clinical workstations. The collaborative tool that provides reliable, up-to-date information that is highly transferrable to clinical practice is valued for its effectiveness, efficiency and educational capacity. In order to make the most of its potential in terms of care and education, organisational changes and techniques are required to foster greater use. The online version of this article (10.1186/s12875-018-0739-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Translational considerations in injectable cell-based therapeutics for neurological applications: concepts, progress and challenges

Significant progress has been made during the past decade towards the clinical adoption of cell-based therapeutics. However, existing cell-delivery approaches have shown limited success, with numerous studies showing fewer than 5% of injected cells persisting at the site of injection within days of transplantation. Although consideration is being increasingly given to clinical trial design, little emphasis has been given to tools and protocols used to administer cells. The different behaviours of various cell types, dosing accuracy, precise delivery, and cell retention and viability post-injection are some of the obstacles facing clinical translation. For efficient injectable cell transplantation, accurate characterisation of cellular health post-injection and the development of standardised administration protocols are required. This review provides an overview of the challenges facing effective delivery of cell therapies, examines key studies that have been carried out to investigate injectable cell delivery, and outlines opportunities for translating these findings into more effective cell-therapy interventions

Hydrogen–deuterium exchange strategy for delineation of contact sites in protein complexes

AbstractWe use NMR spectra to determine protein–protein contact sites by observing differences in amide proton hydrogen–deuterium exchange in the complex compared to the free protein in solution. Aprotic organic solvents are used to preserve H/D labeling patterns that would be scrambled in water solutions. The binding site between the mammalian co-chaperone Aha1 with the middle domain of the chaperone Hsp90 obtained by our H/D exchange method corresponds well with that in the X-ray crystal structure of the homologous complex from yeast, even to the observation of a secondary binding site. This method can potentially provide data for complexes with unknown structure and for large or dynamic complexes inaccessible via NMR and X-ray methods