534 research outputs found
Positiivisen pedagogiikan näkökulma opetukseen integroituun liikuntaan yläkoulun kielten opetuksessa
Tiivistelmä. Positiivisen pedagogiikan avulla voidaan lisätä oppilaiden hyvinvointia koulussa ja vapaa-ajalla. Se huomioi pedagogisessa toiminnassa yksilöiden vahvuudet, myönteiset tunteet sekä aktiivisen toimijuuden. Toiminnalliset opetusmenetelmät ja opetukseen integroitu liikunta tarjoavat mahdollisuuden lisätä oppilaiden päivittäistä fyysistä aktiivisuutta. Opetukseen integroidun liikunnan on todettu tukevan oppilaiden aktiivista toimintaa, mikä tehostaa heidän oppimistaan.
Tässä pro gradu -tutkielmassa tarkastellaan, millaisena opetukseen integroitu liikunta näyttäytyy yläkoulun äidinkielen, toisen kielen ja vieraiden kielten opetuksessa positiivisen pedagogiikan näkökulmasta. Tutkielman tavoitteena on selvittää, miten opetukseen integroitu liikunta tukee positiivista pedagogiikkaa. Lisäksi tavoitteena on tutkia, millaisia oppilaan luonteenvahvuuksia opetukseen integroidun liikunnan avulla voidaan kehittää.
Tutkimusaineisto on kerätty Oppimista liikkumalla -hankkeessa järjestetyssä opettajien täydennyskoulutustapahtumassa. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu yhdestä videoidusta toiminnallisten opetusideoiden esittelystä ja neljästä nauhoitetusta tutkimuskeskustelusta. Tutkimusjoukkoon kuuluu yhteensä kymmenen Pohjois-Pohjanmaan yläkoulujen äidinkielen, toisen kielen ja vieraiden kielten opettajaa (n=10). Tutkimus on toteutettu laadullisen tutkimuksen menetelmiä hyödyntäen. Tutkimusaineistot on analysoitu teoriaohjaavan sisällönanalyysin avulla.
Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että opetukseen integroidun liikunnan avulla voidaan tukea oppilaiden aktiivista toimijuutta, myönteisen toimintakulttuurin kehittymistä ja hyvinvoinnin PERMA-teorian kaikkia elementtejä. Lisäksi opetukseen integroidun liikunnan avulla voidaan kehittää oppilaiden luonteenvahvuuksia kaikilla hyvealueilla. Tutkimuksen johtopäätöksenä on, että liikuntaa opetukseen integroivat opetusmenetelmät tukevat positiivisen pedagogiikan tavoitteiden saavuttamista. Erityisesti opetukseen integroidun liikunnan avulla voidaan tukea myönteisten tunteiden, aktiivisen toimijuuden ja ihmissuhteiden kehittymistä
Symmetries and Observables for BF-theories in Superspace
The supersymmetric version of a topological quantum field theory describing
flat connections, the super BF-theory, is studied in the superspace formalism.
A set of observables related to topological invariants is derived from the
curvature of the superspace. Analogously to the non-supersymmetric versions,
the theory exhibits a vector-like supersymmetry. The role of the vector
supersymmetry and an additional new symmetry of the action in the construction
of observables is explained.Comment: 11 pages, LaTe
Multifrequency Observations of the Gamma-Ray Blazar 3C 279 in Low-State during Integral AO-1
We report first results of a multifrequency campaign from radio to hard X-ray
energies of the prominent gamma-ray blazar 3C 279 during the first year of the
INTEGRAL mission. The variable blazar was found at a low activity level, but
was detected by all participating instruments. Subsequently a multifrequency
spectrum could be compiled. The individual measurements as well as the compiled
multifrequency spectrum are presented. In addition, this 2003 broadband
spectrum is compared to one measured in 1999 during a high activity period of
3C 279.Comment: 4 pages including 6 figures, to appear in: 'Proc. of the 5th INTEGRAL
Workshop', ESA SP-552, in pres
Liver safety assessment: required data elements and best practices for data collection and standardization in clinical trials.
To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files.
This article is open access.A workshop was convened to discuss best practices for the assessment of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in clinical trials. In a breakout session, workshop attendees discussed necessary data elements and standards for the accurate measurement of DILI risk associated with new therapeutic agents in clinical trials. There was agreement that in order to achieve this goal the systematic acquisition of protocol-specified clinical measures and lab specimens from all study subjects is crucial. In addition, standard DILI terms that address the diverse clinical and pathologic signatures of DILI were considered essential. There was a strong consensus that clinical and lab analyses necessary for the evaluation of cases of acute liver injury should be consistent with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance on pre-marketing risk assessment of DILI in clinical trials issued in 2009. A recommendation that liver injury case review and management be guided by clinicians with hepatologic expertise was made. Of note, there was agreement that emerging DILI signals should prompt the systematic collection of candidate pharmacogenomic, proteomic and/or metabonomic biomarkers from all study subjects. The use of emerging standardized clinical terminology, CRFs and graphic tools for data review to enable harmonization across clinical trials was strongly encouraged. Many of the recommendations made in the breakout session are in alignment with those made in the other parallel sessions on methodology to assess clinical liver safety data, causality assessment for suspected DILI, and liver safety assessment in special populations (hepatitis B, C, and oncology trials). Nonetheless, a few outstanding issues remain for future consideration
Winter Time Concentrations and Size Distribution of Bioaerosols in Different Residential Settings in the UK
The total concentration and size distribution of bioaerosols in three different types of housing (single room in shared accommodation [type I], single bedroom flat in three-storey building [type II] and two- or threebedroom detached houses [type III]) was assessed during the winter. This research was an extension of a previous study carried out in the summer. The measurement campaign was undertaken in winter 2008 and 30 houses were sampled. Samples were taken from kitchens, living rooms, corridors (only in housing type I) and outdoors with an Anderson 6 stage viable impactor. In housing type I, the total geometric mean concentration was highest in the corridor for both bacteria and fungi (3,171 and 1,281 CFU/m3, respectively). In type II residences, both culturable bacteria and fungi were greatest in the living rooms (3,487 and 833 CFU/m3, respectively). The living rooms in type III residences had largest number of culturable bacteria (1,361 CFU/m3) while fungi were highest in kitchens (280 CFU/m3). The concentrations of culturable bacteria and fungi were greater in mouldy houses than non-mouldy houses. A considerable variation was seen in the size distribution of culturable bacteria in type I residences compared to types II and III. For all housing types more than half of culturable bacterial and fungal aerosol were respirable (<4.7 μm) and so have the potential to penetrate into lower respiratory system. Considerable variation in concentration and size distribution within different housing types in the same geographical region highlights the impact of differences in design, construction, use and management of residential built environment on bioaerosols levels and consequent varied risk of population exposure to airborne biological agents. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012
Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar Mrk 421 in December 2002 and January 2003
We report on a multiwavelength campaign on the TeV gamma-ray blazar Markarian
(Mrk) 421 performed during December 2002 and January 2003. These target of
opportunity observations were initiated by the detection of X-ray and TeV
gamma-ray flares with the All Sky Monitor (ASM) on board the Rossi X-ray Timing
Explorer (RXTE) and the 10 m Whipple gamma-ray telescope.The campaign included
observational coverage in the radio (University of Michigan Radio Astronomy
Observatory), optical (Boltwood, La Palma KVA 0.6m, WIYN 0.9m), X-ray (RXTE
pointed telescopes), and TeV gamma-ray (Whipple and HEGRA) bands.
At TeV energies, the observations revealed several flares at intermediate
flux levels, peaking between 1 and 1.5 times the flux from the Crab Nebula.
While the time averaged spectrum can be fitted with a single power law of
photon index Gamma =2.8, we find some evidence for spectral variability.
Confirming earlier results, the campaign reveals a rather loose correlation
between the X-ray and TeV gamma-ray fluxes. In one case, a very strong X-ray
flare is not accompanied by a comparable TeV gamma-ray flare. Although the
source flux was variable in the optical and radio bands, the sparse sampling of
the optical and radio light curves does not allow us to study the correlation
properties in detail.
We present a simple analysis of the data with a synchrotron-self Compton
model, emphasizing that models with very high Doppler factors and low magnetic
fields can describe the data.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa
Symmetries of topological field theories in the BV-framework
Topological field theories of Schwarz-type generally admit symmetries whose
algebra does not close off-shell, e.g. the basic symmetries of BF models or
vector supersymmetry of the gauge-fixed action for Chern-Simons theory (this
symmetry being at the origin of the perturbative finiteness of the theory). We
present a detailed discussion of all these symmetries within the algebraic
approach to the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism. Moreover, we discuss the general
algebraic construction of topological models of both Schwarz- and Witten-type.Comment: 30 page
Radio-to-UV monitoring of AO 0235+164 by the WEBT and Swift during the 2006--2007 outburst
The blazar AO 0235+164 was claimed to show a quasi-periodic behaviour in the
radio and optical bands. Moreover, an extra emission component contributing to
the UV and soft X-ray flux was detected, whose nature is not yet clear. A
predicted optical outburst was observed in late 2006/early 2007. We here
present the radio-to-optical WEBT light curves during the outburst, together
with UV data acquired by Swift in the same period. We found the optical
outburst to be as strong as the big outbursts of the past: starting from late
September 2006, a brightness increase of 5 mag led to the outburst peak in
February 19-21, 2007. We also observed an outburst at mm and then at cm
wavelengths, with an increasing time delay going toward lower frequencies
during the rising phase. Cross-correlation analysis indicates that the 1 mm and
37 GHz flux variations lagged behind the R-band ones by about 3 weeks and 2
months, respectively. These short time delays suggest that the corresponding
jet emitting regions are only slightly separated and/or misaligned. In
contrast, during the outburst decreasing phase the flux faded contemporaneously
at all cm wavelengths. This abrupt change in the emission behaviour may suggest
the presence of some shutdown mechanism of intrinsic or geometric nature. The
behaviour of the UV flux closely follows the optical and near-IR one. By
separating the synchrotron and extra component contributions to the UV flux, we
found that they correlate, which suggests that the two emissions have a common
origin.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, in press for Astronomy and Astrophysic
The correlated optical and radio variability of BL Lacertae. WEBT data analysis 1994-2005
Since 1997, BL Lacertae has undergone a phase of high optical activity, with
the occurrence of several prominent outbursts. Starting from 1999, the Whole
Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) consortium has organized various multifrequency
campaigns on this blazar, collecting tens of thousands of data points. One of
the main issues in the study of this huge dataset has been the search for
correlations between the optical and radio flux variations, and for possible
periodicities in the light curves. The analysis of the data assembled during
the first four campaigns (comprising also archival data to cover the period
1968-2003) revealed a fair optical-radio correlation in 1994-2003, with a delay
of the hard radio events of ~100 days. Moreover, various statistical methods
suggested the existence of a radio periodicity of ~8 years. In 2004 the WEBT
started a new campaign to extend the dataset to the most recent observing
seasons, in order to possibly confirm and better understand the previous
results. In this campaign we have collected and assembled about 11000 new
optical observations from twenty telescopes, plus near-IR and radio data at
various frequencies. Here, we perform a correlation analysis on the long-term
R-band and radio light curves. In general, we confirm the ~100-day delay of the
hard radio events with respect to the optical ones, even if longer (~200-300
days) time lags are also found in particular periods. The radio
quasi-periodicity is confirmed too, but the "period" seems to progressively
lengthen from 7.4 to 9.3 years in the last three cycles. The optical and radio
behaviour in the last forty years suggests a scenario where geometric effects
play a major role. In particular, the alternation of enhanced and suppressed
optical activity (accompanied by hard and soft radio events, respectively) canComment: 6 pages, 4 figure
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