Lasing from single, stationary, dye-doped glycerol/water microdroplets located on a superhydrophobic surface

We report laser emission from single, stationary, Rhodamine B-doped glycerol/water microdroplets located on a superhydrophobic surface. In the experiments, a pulsed, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser operating at 532 nm was used as the excitation source. The microdroplets ranged in diameter from a few to 20 um. Lasing was achieved in the red-shifted portion of the dye emission spectrum with threshold fluences as low as 750 J/cm2. Photobleaching was observed when the microdroplets were pumped above threshold. In certain cases, multimode lasing was also observed and attributed to the simultaneous lasing of two modes belonging to different sets of whispering gallery modes.Comment: to appear in Optics Communication

Ultrafast nonlocal control of spontaneous emission

Solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics systems will form scalable nodes of future quantum networks, allowing the storage, processing and retrieval of quantum bits, where a real-time control of the radiative interaction in the cavity is required to achieve high efficiency. We demonstrate here the dynamic molding of the vacuum field in a coupled-cavity system to achieve the ultrafast nonlocal modulation of spontaneous emission of quantum dots in photonic crystal cavities, on a timescale of ~200 ps, much faster than their natural radiative lifetimes. This opens the way to the ultrafast control of semiconductor-based cavity quantum electrodynamics systems for application in quantum interfaces and to a new class of ultrafast lasers based on nano-photonic cavities.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

ENURESIS NOCTURNA: PREVALENCE AND RELATED FACTORS IN 5-16 YEARS OLD CHILDREN IN A SHANTY AREA OF MANISA

Amaç: Enürezis tüm toplumlarda yaygın olarak görülen bir sağlık sorunudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı bir gecekondu bölgesinde 5-16 yaş grubunda enuresis nokturna prevalansı, etkili risk faktörlerini belirlemek ve yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve yöntem: 294 kişide yürütülen kesitsel çalışmada küme örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çocuk ve ergenlere ait veri annelerinden yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Sosyodemografik değişkenler, enürezis nokturna ile ilgili risk faktörleri ve Türkçe adaptasyonu yapılan Kiddo-Kindl ile Kiddy- Kindl yaşam kalitesi ölçeklerinden oluşan anket formu ile veri toplanmıştır. Veri analizinde ki kare, t testi ve çok değişkenli analizlerde lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmada enürezis nokturna prevalansı %27,5'tir. Enürezis nokturna günlük idrar yapma sayısı sekiz ve daha fazla olan çocuklarda 3,5 (1,1-10,8), tuvalete yetişememe durumunda 10,5 (3,8-29,2), tuvalet eğitiminde yanlış yöntemlerin kullanılması durumunda 2,3 (1,1-4,6), ilk alt ıslatmada ailenin cezalandırıcı yaklaşımında 2,2 (1,2 - 4,5) ve uykusu derin olan çocuklarda 2,3 (1,1 - 5,2) kat daha fazla görülmektedir. 5-7 yaş grubunda yaşam kalitesi ile enürezis nokturna arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmamıştır. 8-16 yaş grubunda ise sadece özsaygı alanında puan ortalamalarının farklı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Enürezis nokturna prevalansı, gecekondu bölgesinde %27,5 ile dikkat çekici bir sıklıktadır. Farklı yerleşim birimlerinde yürütülecek çalışmalarla enürezis nokturna ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesine gereksinim vardır. Objective: Enuresis appears to be a health problem in every population. The aims of this study were to determine enuresis nocturna prevalence, risk factors and the relations with quality of life in a group of children and adolescents aged between 5-16. Material and method: 294 children and adolescents were recruited by means of cluster sampling in this cross-sectional study. The questionnaire consisted sociodemographic variables, risk factors of enuresis nocturna and an adopted version of Kiddo-Kindl, Kiddy- Kindl quality of life scales. Chi square test, t test, logistic regression analysis were performed in the data analysis.Results: Enuresis nocturna prevalence was 27.5%. It was 3.5 (1.1-10.8) times higher if daily urination number was ≥8, 10.5 (3.8-29.2) times higher in urge incontinence, 2.3 (1.1- 4.6) times higher if wrong methods were used in toilet training, 2.2 (1.2-4.5) times higher if the child was punished in the first bed wetting episode and 2.3 (1.1-5.2) times higher in deep sleep. There was no statistically significant relation between enuresis nocturna and quality of life in 5-7 age group. Self-respect was the only domain that was statistically significant in 8-16 age group. Conclusion: Enuresis nocturna prevalence is significant with 27.5% in shanty area. Further research is recommended in different areas to determine the relation between quality of life and enuresis nocturna

Turner syndrome and associated problems in turkish children: A multicenter study

Objective: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder caused by complete or partial X chromosome monosomy that manifests various clinical features depending on the karyotype and on the genetic background of affected girls. This study aimed to systematically investigate the key clinical features of TS in relationship to karyotype in a large pediatric Turkish patient population. Methods: Our retrospective study included 842 karyotype-proven TS patients aged 0-18 years who were evaluated in 35 different centers in Turkey in the years 2013-2014. Results: The most common karyotype was 45,X (50.7%), followed by 45,X/46,XX (10.8%), 46,X,i(Xq) (10.1%) and 45,X/46,X,i(Xq) (9.5%). Mean age at diagnosis was 10.2±4.4 years. The most common presenting complaints were short stature and delayed puberty. Among patients diagnosed before age one year, the ratio of karyotype 45,X was significantly higher than that of other karyotype groups. Cardiac defects (bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosi) were the most common congenital anomalies, occurring in 25% of the TS cases. This was followed by urinary system anomalies (horseshoe kidney, double collector duct system and renal rotation) detected in 16.3%. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was found in 11.1% of patients, gastrointestinal abnormalities in 8.9%, ear nose and throat problems in 22.6%, dermatologic problems in 21.8% and osteoporosis in 15.3%. Learning difficulties and/or psychosocial problems were encountered in 39.1%. Insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose were detected in 3.4% and 2.2%, respectively. Dyslipidemia prevalence was 11.4%. Conclusion: This comprehensive study systematically evaluated the largest group of karyotype-proven TS girls to date. The karyotype distribution, congenital anomaly and comorbidity profile closely parallel that from other countries and support the need for close medical surveillance of these complex patients throughout their lifespan. © Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology

The Changing Waves of Migration from the Balkans to Turkey: A Historical Account

Ahmet İçduygu and Deniz Sert tell the history of migration from the Balkans to Turkey from the end of the nineteenth century to the present. They relate this history to nation-building, but also to economic conditions and specific Turkish concerns, such as the perceived need for immigration to compensate for a declining population at that time. They also demonstrate that after 1990, ethnic migration decreased and irregular labour migration became more important

Prevalence of Frailty in European Emergency Departments (FEED): an international flash mob study

Introduction Current emergency care systems are not optimized to respond to multiple and complex problems associated with frailty. Services may require reconfiguration to effectively deliver comprehensive frailty care, yet its prevalence and variation are poorly understood. This study primarily determined the prevalence of frailty among older people attending emergency care. Methods This cross-sectional study used a flash mob approach to collect observational European emergency care data over a 24-h period (04 July 2023). Sites were identified through the European Task Force for Geriatric Emergency Medicine collaboration and social media. Data were collected for all individuals aged 65 + who attended emergency care, and for all adults aged 18 + at a subset of sites. Variables included demographics, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), vital signs, and disposition. European and national frailty prevalence was determined with proportions with each CFS level and with dichotomized CFS 5 + (mild or more severe frailty). Results Sixty-two sites in fourteen European countries recruited five thousand seven hundred eighty-five individuals. 40% of 3479 older people had at least mild frailty, with countries ranging from 26 to 51%. They had median age 77 (IQR, 13) years and 53% were female. Across 22 sites observing all adult attenders, older people living with frailty comprised 14%. Conclusion 40% of older people using European emergency care had CFS 5 + . Frailty prevalence varied widely among European care systems. These differences likely reflected entrance selection and provide windows of opportunity for system configuration and workforce planning