Determination on efficacy of some biofungicides on main soil-borne pathogens causing diseases on cucumber under protected cultivation

Toprak kökenli patojenler olan Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani ve Sclerotinia sclerotiorum örtü altında yetiştirilen hıyar bitkilerinde solgunluk ve kök çürüklüğüne neden olarak önemli ürün kayıplarının ortaya çıkmasına yol açmaktadırlar. Bu tez çalışmasının amacı örtüaltı hıyar yetiştiriciliğinde sorun olan bu önemli patojenlere karşı ticari bazı biyofungisitlerin etkinliğinin ortaya konmasıdır. Bu amaçla F. oxysporum, R. solani ve S. sclerotiorum izolatları kullanılarak yürütülen saksı denemelerinde, Remedier (T. harzianum + T. viride), Companion (Bacillus subtilis GB03), Actinovate SP (Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC 108), T 22 Planter Box (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai KRL-AG2) biyofungisitlerinin etkinliği, tohum ilaçlaması ve toprağa emdirme şeklinde iki farklı yöntem kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Tohum ilaçlaması testlerinde bazı biyofungisitler etki gösterse de bu etki istikrarlı olmadığı için sonuçlar tatmin edici bulunmamıştır. Toprağa emdirme testinde ise biyofungisitlerin tümü her üç patojen türüne karşı değişen oranlarda etki sağlamışlardır. Companion F. oxysporum üzerinde %75’lere varan düzeyde etki gösterirken benzer düzeyde etki R. solani için T-22 ve Actinovate uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. Actinovate’in S. sclerotiorum’a karşı etkisi de %70 seviyesinde bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak; biyofungisitlerin toprağa emdirme yönteminin, hıyar yetiştiriciliğinde sorun olan toprak patojenler ile mücadele de etkili olduğu ve diğer mücadele yöntemlerinin yanında iyi bir alternatif olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.As soil-borne pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani ve Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, , causes significant yield losses in the greenhouse grown cucumbers due to wilting and root rot. The objective of this study was to determination of efficacy of certain commercial biofungisite for control of these important pathogens. Under this objective, in the growth chambers studies, the biofungicides, Remedier (T. harzianum + T. viride), Companion (Bacillus subtilis GB03), Actinovate SP (Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC 108) and T 22 Planter Box (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai KRL-AG2), were tested against the isolates of F. oxysporum, R. solani ve S. sclerotiorum by using two different application methods which are seed treatment and soil drenching. Although some fungicides in the seed treatment test gave successful results their effect were not satisfactory because there is no consistency in the data. In the soil drenching test, all biofungicides provided control effect at various degree against all three pathogens. Companion provided up to 75% effect on the control of F. oxysporum. The same level of effect were obtained from T-22 and Actinovate on R. solani. Actinovate also reduced disease severity of S. sclerotiorum by %70. The results of this study indicated that the method of drenching of biofungicides were found to be effective for control of soil-borne pathogens in the greenhouse cucumber production and it may be a good alternative to the present control measure

A quasi-incompressible and quasi-inextensible element formulation for transversely isotropic materials

The contribution presents a new finite element formulation for quasi-inextensible and quasi-incompressible finite hyperelastic behavior of transeversely isotropic materials and addresses its computational aspects. The material formulation is presented in purely Eulerian setting and based on the additive decomposition of the free energy function into isotropic and anisotropic parts, where the former is further decomposed into isochoric and volumetric parts. For the quasi-incompressible response, the Q1P0 element formulation is outlined briefly, where the pressure-type Lagrange multiplier and its conjugate enter the variational formulation as an extended set of variables. Using the similar argumentation, an extended Hu-Washizu-type mixed variational potential is introduced, where the volume averaged fiber stretch and fiber stress are additional field variables. Within this context, the resulting Euler-Lagrange equations and the element formulation resulting from the extended variational principle are derived. The numerical implementation exploits the underlying variational structure, leading to a canonical symmetric structure. The efficiency of the proposed approached is demonstrated through representative boundary value problems. The superiority of the proposed element formulation over the standard Q1 and Q1P0 element formulation is studied through convergence analyses. The proposed finite element formulation is modular and exhibits very robust performance for fiber reinforced elastomers in the inextensibility limit

Hardness and inapproximability results for minimum verification set and minimum path decision tree problems

Minimization of decision trees is a well studied problem. In this work, we introduce two new problems related to minimization of decision trees. The problems are called minimum verification set (MinVS) and minimum path decision tree (MinPathDT) problems. Decision tree problems ask the question "What is the unknown given object?". MinVS problem on the other hand asks the question "Is the unknown object z?", for a given object z. Hence it is not an identification, but rather a verification problem. MinPathDT problem aims to construct a decision tree where only the cost of the root-to-leaf path corresponding to a given object is minimized, whereas decision tree problems in general try to minimize the overall cost of decision trees considering all the objects. Therefore, MinVS and MinPathDT are seemingly easier problems. However, in this work we prove that MinVS and MinPathDT problems are both NP-complete and cannot be approximated within a factor in o(lg n) unless P = NP

Global existence and blow-up for a class of nonlocal nonlinear Cauchy problems arising in elasticity

We study the initial-value problem for a general class of nonlinear nonlocal wave equations arising in one-dimensional nonlocal elasticity. The model involves a convolution integral operator with a general kernel function whose Fourier transform is nonnegative. We show that some well-known examples of nonlinear wave equations, such as Boussinesq-type equations, follow from the present model for suitable choices of the kernel function. We establish global existence of solutions of the model assuming enough smoothness on the initial data together with some positivity conditions on the nonlinear term. Furthermore, conditions for finite time blow-up are provided

Derivation of the Camassa-Holm equations for elastic waves

In this paper we provide a formal derivation of both the Camassa-Holm equation and the fractional Camassa-Holm equation for the propagation of small-but-finite amplitude long waves in a nonlocally and nonlinearly elastic medium. We first show that the equation of motion for the nonlocally and nonlinearly elastic medium reduces to the improved Boussinesq equation for a particular choice of the kernel function appearing in the integral-type constitutive relation. We then derive the Camassa-Holm equation from the improved Boussinesq equation using an asymptotic expansion valid as nonlinearity and dispersion parameters tend to zero independently. Our approach follows mainly the standard techniques used widely in the literature to derive the Camassa-Holm equation for shallow water waves. The case where the Fourier transform of the kernel function has fractional powers is also considered and the fractional Camassa-Holm equation is derived using the asymptotic expansion technique.Comment: 15 page

A higher-order Boussinesq equation in locally non-linear theory of one-dimensional non-local elasticity

In one space dimension, a non-local elastic model is based on a single integral law, giving the stress when the strain is known at all spatial points. In this study, we first derive a higher-order Boussinesq equation using locally non-linear theory of 1D non-local elasticity and then we are able to show that under certain conditions the Cauchy problem is globally well-posed

Using distinguishing and UIO sequences together in a checking sequence

If a finite state machine M does not have a distinguishing sequence, but has UIO sequences for its states, there are methods to produce a checking sequence for M. However, if M has a distinguishing sequence D, then there are methods that make use of D to construct checking sequences that are much shorter than the ones that would be constructed by using only the UIO sequences for M. The methods to applied when a distinguishing sequence exists, only make use of the distinguishing sequences. In this paper we show that, even if M has a distinguishing sequence D, the UIO sequences can still be used together with D to construct shorter checking sequences

[Behçet Kemal Çağlar]

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 5-Behçet Kemal Çağla

Sabahattin Eyuboğlu çiçeklemesi

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 185, 186) Eyuboğlu, Orhan-Cemal-Osman Zeki-Bedri Rahmi-Mualla-SabahattinUnutma İstanbul projesi İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı'nın 2016 yılı "Yenilikçi ve Yaratıcı İstanbul Mali Destek Programı" kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TR10/16/YNY/010