Desempeño docente ante las nuevas infancias en contextos de pobreza: un análisis desde la dimensión social y comunitaria

El presente trabajo forma parte de la línea de la investigación “Desempeño docente en contextos de pobreza. Saber y saber hacer” UCC- CONICET, para lo cual se analiza de dicha investigación el desempeño docente desde las dimensiones social y comunitaria, en escuelas en contextos de pobreza, frente a las demandas que supone el ejercicio de la tarea docente y a cara de las nuevas infancias que la interpelan en su función y rol socializador.En los actuales escenarios contemporáneos la escuela parece desdibujarse de su rol social, de su mandato creador en la capacidad de producir en los sujetos procesos de subjetivación que les permita anclar en un territorio de normas y valores.La crisis que atraviesa a la escuela en su incapacidad de dar respuestas frente a las demandas de las nuevas infancias deviene justamente de la imposibilidad de subjetivación que el relato de la institución educativa ofrece, de su impotencia enunciativa, de la escasa posibilidad de transmisión. Dicha condición se ve agravada aún más en contextos vulnerables en donde se requiere de docentes capacitados, de enseñantes capaces de poner a disposición de sus alumnos nuevos textos, nuevas palabras, unos docentes que promuevan la capacidad de reinvención.En este trabajo realiza una lectura e interpretación a partir de resultados estadísticos de una encuesta administrada a supervisores y directivos de escuelas municipales de la ciudad de Córdoba, de dicho instrumento se ha tomado como objeto de análisis la dimensión social y comunitaria de la institución educativa en relación a las competencias docentes o sea al desempeño de las funciones docentes desde dichas dimensiones.Algunos de las categorias tenidas en cuenta sobre el desempeño docente son el reconocimiento de los docentes a las demandas de la comunidad, la atención a las problemáticas del contexto, la participación en trabajos en red, las relaciones con los padres y con los alumnos en un clima favorable, la relación entre los docentes, entre otras categorias.Dichos resultados nos permiten establecer una lectura de la realidad actual del desempeño docente frente a las nuevas infancias que demandan al docente de competencias necesarias para el desempeño con eficacia en escuelas en contextos de pobreza

Diversidad, inclusión y aprendizaje ¿Hacía dónde y cómo puede evolucionar el escenario “Trayectorias educativas flexibles y autogestionadas (Carnavalito)” En los próximos 10 años, según los medios de comunicación masiva?

Fil: Bertolez, Alejandra Marta. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Cipollone, Martín Daniel. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Erramouspe, Carolina del Valle. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Fredes Quiroz, Karen. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: González Yepes, Esteban. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Guzmán, Clara Mabel. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Heredia, María Carolina. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Heredia, María Carolina. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Monzón, Nancy. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Morales, María Celeste. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Olivera, Susana. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Pellizón, Telma de Lourdes. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Pérez Gaudio, José Miguel. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Pérez Moreno, Elena Silvia. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Porello, Andrea Silvina. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Previgliano, Silvia. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Rubiolo, Paula. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Sierra Puerto, Luz Dary. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Skiba, María Marta. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Tapia Figueroa, Andrea del Pilar. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, ArgentinaFil: Taranzano, Gabriela Susana. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación, Argentin

Estudios de prospectiva en educación. Diversidad, inclusión y aprendizaje

Fil: Ferreyra, Horacio Ademar. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Moreno, Elena Silvia. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; ArgentinaFil: Pellizón, Telma de Lourdes, Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; Argentin

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 13

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 13 de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada, de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico. Con esta colección, se aspira contribuir con el cultivo, la comprensión, la recopilación y la apropiación social del conocimiento en cuanto a patrimonio intangible de la humanidad, con el propósito de hacer aportes con la transformación de las relaciones socioculturales que sustentan la construcción social de los saberes y su reconocimiento como bien público. El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 13, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR) - Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTFAG) - Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kléber Ramírez (UPTM) - Mérida - Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (CABBOPP) - Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE) - Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia – Venezuela; Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CEDINTER) - Antioquia – Colombia y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

Uso del suelo en relación con la composición y abundancia de flebotominas (Diptera: Psychodidae) en cinco focos de transmisión domiciliaria de leishmaniasis cutánea en la región andina de Colombia

American cutaneous leishmaniasis is a public health concern in Colombia, its incidence being sustained or focally increased principally by the emergence of domestic transmission concomitantly with the adaptation of the phlebotomine vectors to habitat transformation around households. The objective of the study is to scale up a rapid characterization methodology for evaluating the relationship of land use around the house to the composition and abundance of phlebotomines. Five sites with a history of domestic leishmaniasis transmission in the Andean area of Colombia were selected. The peri-domestic habitat was evaluated at 10 m intervals along eight radial transects, centered on each house, at 45° intervals using a web pattern. Phlebotomines were captured by placing three CDC light traps over two nights both indoors and outdoors (10 m from the house). Blood source and infection were determined by PCR. Spearman rank correlation coefficients and negative binomial regression were used to quantify associations between the phlebotomine abundance and habitat categories. The study demonstrated that the vectors were largely anthropophagic (62% of 79 were human blood) and that a single species in each site was favored by the pertaining agriculture monoculture. Specifically, Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) quasitownsendi was associated with sugar cane in Novillero and La Esmeralda; while Pi. (Pif.) longiflocosa was associated with coffee plantations in Agua Bonita and El Cucal. Honda Alta had a more diverse array of land use and forest coverage with a lower number of specimens but higher species diversity. In terms of distance from the house to an area of a given land use, the abundance of Pi. (Pif.) quasitownsendi was inversely related to the distance to sugar cane plantation (Spearman correlation coefficient, ? = -0.56, p < 0.001 for outdoor catches, and ? = -0.50, p < 0.001 indoors). A similar inverse relationship was observed for Pi. (Pif.) longiflocosa with regard to technified coffee (? = -0.51, p < 0.001 outdoors, and ? = -0.48, p < 0.001 indoors). This rapid characterization methodology could guide public heath decision makers in identifying those houses at higher risk of domestic transmission, and also educate farmers to increase the distance between their crops and any neighboring houses

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children : an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45 center dot 1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34 center dot 2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20 center dot 6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12 center dot 8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24 center dot 7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.Peer reviewe

Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries

Background: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars ($). Results: High FiO2 may be cost-effective (cheaper and effective). In Nigeria, the average cost for high FiO2 was$216 compared with $222 for low FiO2 leading to a −$6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −$13 to −$1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was $184 compared with$195 for low FiO2 leading to a −$11 (95$15 to −$6) difference in costs. In South Africa, the average cost for high FiO2 was$1164 compared with $1257 for low FiO2 leading to a −$93 (95% CI: −$132 to −$65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this

Use of Telemedicine for Post-discharge Assessment of the Surgical Wound: International Cohort Study, and Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether remote wound reviews using telemedicine can be safely upscaled, and if standardised assessment tools are needed. Summary background data: Surgical site infection is the most common complication of surgery worldwide, and frequently occurs after hospital discharge. Evidence to support implementation of telemedicine during postoperative recovery will be an essential component of pandemic recovery. Methods: The primary outcome of this study was surgical site infection reported up to 30-days after surgery (SSI), comparing rates reported using telemedicine (telephone and/or video assessment) to those with in-person review. The first part of this study analysed primary data from an international cohort study of adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery who were discharged from hospital before 30-days after surgery. The second part combined this data with the results of a systematic review to perform a meta-analysis of all available data conducted in accordance with PRIMSA guidelines (PROSPERO:192596). Results: The cohort study included 15,358 patients from 66 countries (8069 high, 4448 middle, 1744 low income). Of these, 6907 (45.0%) were followed up using telemedicine. The SSI rate reported using telemedicine was slightly lower than with in-person follow-up (13.4% vs. 11.1%, P&lt;0.001), which persisted after risk adjustment in a mixed-effects model (adjusted odds ratio: 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.63-0.84, P&lt;0.001). This association was consistent across sensitivity and subgroup analyses, including a propensity-score matched model. In nine eligible non-randomised studies identified, a pooled mean of 64% of patients underwent telemedicine follow-up. Upon meta-analysis, the SSI rate reported was lower with telemedicine (odds ratio: 0.67, 0.47-0.94) than in-person (reference) follow-up (I2=0.45, P=0.12), although there a high risk of bias in included studies. Conclusions: Use of telemedicine to assess the surgical wound post-discharge is feasible, but risks underreporting of SSI. Standardised tools for remote assessment of SSI must be evaluated and adopted as telemedicine is upscaled globally

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially