Matrera (Villamartín): una fortaleza andalusí en el alfoz de Arcos

Peer reviewe

Definición de un agente inteligente para la intercomunicabilidad automática de sistemas de aprendizaje basados en internet

La sociedad moderna se enfrenta diariamente a una avalancha de información de crecimiento exponencial, debida a la generación constante de nuevas fuentes de información que la producen de forma muchas veces automática y, por tanto, a un ritmo capaz de desbordar a cualquier individuo. Este crecimiento de la información generada hace necesario un aumento de la capacidad de filtrado y asimilación para afrontar la avalancha, seleccionar y aprovechar de ella lo necesario. Los objetivos de este trabajo son estudiar las arquitecturas existentes con vistas a crear un agente inteligente capaz de integrarse en ellas de forma eficaz; facilitar la intercomunicabilidad de sistemas aunque utilicen distintos códigos de representación de los objetos docentes que intercambian; ofrecer una capa de abstracción superior con funcionalidades comunes disponibles para todos los sistemas que cubran las necesidades de comunicación; basar la propuesta en estándares reconocidos y sólidos; estudiar un modelo de nomenclatura para la especificación de las acciones a realizar por el agente en las diversas situaciones que se presenten y para nombrar e identificar las diferentes entidades participativas en todo el proceso, así como sus relaciones. Para conseguir estos objetivos se realiza un repaso al estado del arte en dos áreas principales, los sistemas de teleformación y los agentes inteligentes.. El método de trabajo tiene los siguientes pasos: desarrollo detallado y concreto del objetivo del que se obtendrán las necesidades a cubrir a partir de los elementos actuales para alcanzar dicho objetivo; análisis Particularizado y Profundo de los componentes tecnológicos implicados, adaptados al objetivo, y las necesidades a cubrir con estos componentes; LMS y arquitecturas que deben ser interconectadas. Este estudio será vital para establecer las necesidades y posibilidades. 99 estándares de intercomunicación de LMS, sobre los que se realizará la abstracción a un nivel. Agentes, encargados de la intercomunicación y soporte de la arquitectura que habilitará a los LMS para la interconexión. Enunciado y justificación de la propuesta. En su forma definitiva tras el desarrollo y aplicación de los componentes. Estudio de Viabilidad de la propuesta que llevará a decidir si es factible su implantación y, de no serlo, que habría de cambiar en los sistemas para que lo fuera..Biblioteca Central de Ciencias Experimentales. Facultad de Medicina; Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33'600; 28871 Alcalá de Henares; Tel. +34918854576; Fax +34918854864;ES

Production of new unsaturated lipids during wood decay by ligninolytic basidiomycetes

Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-41080, Seville,1 and Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-28006 Madrid,2 SpainLipids were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for a 7-week in vitro decay of eucalypt wood by four ligninolytic basidiomycetes. The sound wood contained up to 75 mg of lipophilic compounds per 100 g of wood. Hydrolysis of sterol esters, which represented 38% of total wood lipids, occurred during the fungal decay. The initial increase of linoleic and other free unsaturated fatty acids paralleled the decrease of sterol esters. Moreover, new lipid compounds were found at advanced stages of wood decay that were identified from their mass spectra as unsaturated dicarboxylic acids consisting of a long aliphatic chain attached to the C-3 position of itaconic acid. These dicarboxylic acids were especially abundant in the wood treated with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (up to 24 mg per 100 g of wood) but also were produced by Phlebia radiata, Pleurotus pulmonarius, and Bjerkandera adusta. We hypothesize that three main alkylitaconic acids (tetradecylitaconic, cis-7-hexadecenylitaconic, and hexadecylitaconic acids) are synthesized by fungi in condensation reactions involving palmitic, oleic, and stearic acids. We suggest that both wood unsaturated fatty acids (present in free form or released from esters during natural decay) and unsaturated metabolites synthesized by fungi could serve as a source for peroxidizable lipids in lignin degradation by white rot basidiomycetes.This study was supported by the European Commission (contract QLK5-99-1357) and the Spanish CICYT (FEDER project 1FD97-0742).Peer reviewe

Proposal for a maintenance management system in industrial environments based on ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 standards

This paper presents an effort to improve the quality of processes and products by the definition of the foundations of Maintenance Management Systems based on ISO standards that could help companies to strength the organization of work. We applied the Design Science Research methodology. Finally developing two prototypes which were implanted in different companies. With information gathered along the process, we can offer a system's design which can be adopted by companies to help om maintenance management tasks and serves as a base to carry out internal audit task

A review of energy efficiency label of street lighting systems

There are very few countries that have provisions addressing the energy efficiency of the whole street lighting system, such as Spain or the Netherlands. Nevertheless, there is not an agreement about how energy efficiency must be assessed. The Spanish Government contemplates it in the Royal Decree 1890/2008 with the goal of improving energy savings and efficiency. However, this has not obtained the expected results. Nowadays, energy efficiency of this kind of systems is assessed using a label. In the case of Spain, this label only assesses one magnitude. The contributions of this paper are two evaluation systems (kiviat diagram and pie chart) which assess five magnitudes: lamps, energy efficiency index, light pollution, renewable energy contribution, and harness of the luminous flux using dimming. After that, a survey was done to study several subjects: (1) if citizens are aware about the efficiency of street lighting systems, (2) whether the sample of colors used in the label is adequate, and (3) if our proposed systems could replace the current evaluation system. Finally, the paper finishes with the conclusions of the survey

Abundancia y biodiversidad de los macroinvertebrados del río Oja (La Rioja, España)

En mayo de 2003 se realizó un estudio sobre la fauna de invertebrados del río Oja (La Rioja, España), seleccionándose cinco puntos a lo largo de su cauce. Se observa una disminución de la diversidad desde los tramos más altos hasta los más bajos, así como un aumento de la abundancia total, representada por unas pocas especies. En los tramos altos dominan Tricópteros, Plecópteros y Efemerópteros, mientras que en los tramos medios-bajos los Tricópteros prácticamente desaparecen, siendo los Dípteros, Crustáceos y ciertas especies de Efemerópteros los principales representantes.During May 2003 a study on the aquatic macroinvertebrate fauna from the Oja River (La Rioja, Spain) was carried out in five selected points along the river. A decrease in diversity from upstream to downstream stretches is observed, as well as an increase in the total abundance, represented by a few species. In the upstream stretches, the dominant groups were Trichoptera, Plecoptera, and Ephemeroptera, while in the middle and downstream stretches, Trichoptera almost disappear, being Diptera, Crustacea and certain Ephemeroptera the most abundant taxa

Una "nueva" perspectiva para la Historia y la Arqueología medieval en Andalucía Occidental.

Intentamos avanzar, desde la llamada Arqueología Social , en el conocimiento que hasta ahora se tenía de la cora de Sidonia ( id), poniendo en juego estrategias de investigación multidisciplinares que incluyen análisis cartográficos, geológicos, toponímicos, documentales y arqueol ógicos. Los resultados que ofrecemos creemos que ponen de manifiesto la capacidad de generar conocimientos sustantivos de nuestra Posición Teórica también con respecto a la historia de al- Andalus.We tried to advance from the "Social Archaeology" in knowledge that until now it had about the cora of Sidonia (), bringing into play multidisciplinary research strategies including map analysis, geological, toponymical, documentary and archaeological. The results that we offer demonstrate the ability to generate substantive knowledge of our "Theoretical Position" also with regard to the history of al-Andalus

External clustering validity index based on chi-squared statistical test

Clustering is one of the most commonly used techniques in data mining. Its main goal is to group objects into clusters so that each group contains objects that are more similar to each other than to objects in other clusters. The evaluation of a clustering solution is a task carried out through the application of validity indices. These indices measure the quality of the solution and can be classified as either internal that calculate the quality of the solution through the data of the clusters, or as external indices that measure the quality by means of external information such as the class. Generally, indices from the literature determine their optimal result through graphical representation, whose results could be imprecisely interpreted. The aim of this paper is to present a new external validity index based on the chi-squared statistical test named Chi Index, which presents accurate results that require no further interpretation. Chi Index was analyzed using the clustering results of 3 clustering methods in 47 public datasets. Results indicate a better hit rate and a lower percentage of error against 15 external validity indices from the literature.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2014-55894-C2-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2017-88209-C2-2-

An approach to validity indices for clustering techniques in Big Data

Clustering analysis is one of the most used Machine Learning techniques to discover groups among data objects. Some clustering methods require the number of clus ters into which the data is going to be partitioned. There exist several cluster validity indices that help us to approximate the optimal number of clusters of the dataset. However, such indices are not suitable to deal with Big Data due to its size limitation and runtime costs. This paper presents two cluster ing validity indices that handle large amount of data in low computational time. Our indices are based on redefinitions of traditional indices by simplifying the intra-cluster distance calculation. Two types of tests have been carried out over 28 synthetic datasets to analyze the performance of the proposed indices. First, we test the indices with small and medium size datasets to verify that our indices have a similar effectiveness to the traditional ones. Subsequently, tests on datasets of up to 11 million records and 20 features have been executed to check their efficiency. The results show that both indices can handle Big Data in a very low computational time with an effectiveness similar to the traditional indices using Apache Spark framework.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2014-55894-C2-1-