Prevalencia de trastorno depresivo en pacientes internados por intento de suicidio

Se estudió la prevalencia de trastornos depresivos en los pacientes internados por intento de suicidio. Se incluyeron 100 pacientes hospitalizados por este motivo en el hospital General Zonal San Roque de Gonnet, en el período comprendido entre enero y diciembre de 2009. Se caracterizó a los sujetos según sexo, edad y motivo desencadenante explicitado y se buscó establecer la influencia de los factores socio-psico-biológicos en la determinación de este tipo de conductas, se los evaluó con la Escala de Hamilton, criterios diagnósticos del DSM IV para Trastornos de la Personalidad, y se indagó acerca del método empleado, antecedentes psiquiátricos, etc. Se obtuvo una relación mujer/hombre de 1.33. Una prevalencia de depresión del 56 %. Un 37 % de los pacientes cumplieron criterios para trastornos de la personalidad. El mayor número de casos (65 pacientes) se dio en la franja de 20 a 39 años. El método más utilizado (59 %) fue la ingesta de medicamentos. Métodos más letales se correlacionaron con cuadros más severos de depresión; en general se trató de intent0os fallidos por causas ajenas a la persona, fundamentalmente debido a la intervención de terceros. El 69 % refirió problemas familiares como principal desencadenante del intento de suicidio.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

La intervención socioeducativa y las prácticas de aprendizaje psicosocial con mujeres en situación de vulnerabilidad : inmigración prostitución

El estudio y análisis de los procesos de intervención socioeducativa con personas en situación de prostitución, implica interesarnos y arriesgarnos a introducirnos en un espacio poco explorado y estudiado por la pedagogía social por motivos poderosos y obstáculos que dificultan profundizar en dichos estudios. Sin embargo a pesar de la complejidad del tema, nos permite la obtención de información que nos ayudan a transformar en soluciones y alternativas ajustadas a las necesidades y demandas que presentan muchas mujeres estigmatizadas social e históricamente. Creemos necesario seguir profundizando en este tema teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva de los derechos humanos, entendiendo la educación y los procesos formativos como un derecho fundamental e inalienable Creemos en la pedagogía de la intervención socioeducativa y en el desarrollo de modelos de investigación-acción nuevos e innovadores, basados en los principios de relación participativa con las personas sujeto de estudio, tomando relevancia las características especiales que presentan, las dificultades y peculiaridades a tener en cuenta para llevar a cabo dicha intervención.The Study and analyze the processes of educational intervention with people in prostitution, it means interest us and bring us into an area little explored and studied by experimental pedagogy powerful motives and obstacles difficulties deepen these studies. However despite the complexity of the subject, it allows us to obtain information that help us transform into solutions and alternatives tailored to the needs and demands that have many women socially and historically stigmatized. We need further research into the subject taking into account the perspective of human rights, understanding the education and training processes as a fundamental and inalienable right to believe in the pedagogy of educational intervention and the development of models of action research new and innovative, based on the principles of participatory relationship with persons subject of study, taking relevant special features that present difficulties and peculiarities to consider to carry out such intervention

Ethics and Spanish journals of communication, education, and psychology: the publishers’ perception

El incremento de actividad en la publicación científica y su globalización están ocasionando una problemática relacionada con la ética de los procesos editoriales. Paralelamente, la presión que sufren los editores de revistas, motivada por los procesos de promoción académica y el contexto internacional de los autores, requieren una labor de aproximación consensuada en las formas de actuación ante los casos recurrentes de conductas poco éticas que se producen en la práctica. Este estudio tiene por objeto conocer la opinión de editores de revistas españolas de los ámbitos de Comunicación, Educación y Psicología sobre 16 tipos de mala praxis. Un 39,9% de los 203 editores encuestados respondieron al cuestionario online. Los datos permiten conocer el nivel de preocupación de los editores por aspectos éticos de la publicación científica: la frecuencia de cada mala praxis, la facilidad en su identificación, la gravedad percibida y su posible tendencia futura.The increased activity in scientific publishing and its globalization have led to a complex problem related to the ethics of the publishing process. At the same time, the pressure on journal publishers, due to academic promotion processes and the international background of authors, requires agreement on how to act against the recurrent cases of ethical misconduct that occur in practice. The aim of this study was to discover the opinion of Spanish journal publishers in the fields of Communication, Education and Psychology regarding 16 types of improper conduct. Of the 203 publishers surveyed, 39.9% answered the online survey. The quantitative data obtained provide an understanding of the publishers’ level of concern regarding ethical aspects of scientific publication: the frequency of misconduct, the ease of identifying it, its perceived gravity and possible future trends.Este estudio ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España, dentro del Plan Nacional de I+D+i (EDU2011-13034-E), acción complementaria: Observatorio de revistas científicas de ciencias sociales

Understanding genetic mechanisms underpinning volatile emission

[SPA] A partir de un cruce realizado entre A. majus y A. linkianum, obtuvimos una población F2 segregante de 110 plantas. Analizamos la emisión de aromas en esta población. Nos centramos en cuatro de los principales volátiles presentes en la población: acetofenona, metil benzoato, metil cinamato y ocimeno. Analizamos las posibles segregaciones mendelianas de estos volátiles en la población, encontrando que todos ellos pueden ser el resultado de la segregación de uno o dos genes. A pesar de ser el producto de rutas metabólicas muy complejas, la emisión de estos volátiles es el resultado de interacciones simples o epistáticas. Este enfoque básico es una herramienta útil para futuros estudios moleculares. [ENG] From a cross performed between A. majus and A. linkianum, we obtained a F2 segregating population of 110 plants. We analyzed the scent emission of this population. We focused on four of the main volatiles present in the population: acetophenone, methyl benzoate, methyl cinnamate and β-ocimene. We analysed the possible mendelian segregations of these volatiles within the population, finding that all of these volatiles might be result of the segregation of one or two genes. Despite of being products of very complex metabolic pathways, the emission of these volatiles is result of simple or epistatic interactions. This basic approach is a useful tool for further molecular studies.We acknowledge the founding provided to Victoria Ruiz-Hernández by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación Cultura y Deporte (FPU13/03606) and also by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-Fondo de Desarrollo Regional (BFU2013-45148-R). As well as to Mª José Roca from the Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación Tecnológica for her technical support

Identification of DNA from Antirrhinum linkianum introgressed in A. majus with common molecular markers

[SPA] El género Antirrhinum se ha usado ampliamente en genómica comparativa. Actualmente, trabajamos en una Línea Recombinante Consanguínea (LRC) entre la conocida A. majus y A. linkianum. Por otra parte, contamos con una serie de marcadores que fueron desarrollados para identificar distintos loci de ambos parentales. Aquí mostramos una aplicación de éste conocimiento en nuestro trabajo diario. [ENG] The genre Antirrhinum has been widely used for comparative genomics. Currently, we are working on a Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) between the well known A. majus and A. linkianum. On the other hand we count with a series of markers that were developed for identifying different loci from both parents. Here we show an application of this knowledge in our daily work.This work was performed as part of the MCINN-FEDER BFU2010-15843. Victoria Ruiz-Hernández holds the FPU13/03606 scolarship from the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte

Ethical principles of publishers in the Spanish scientific journals on Communication, Education and Psychology

La responsabilidad ética de los editores de las revistas científicas se alza como asunto capital que, sobre todo, se hace visible en los casos de publicaciones fraudulentas. Se presenta un estudio exploratorio sobre la opinión que los editores de revistas científicas españolas de Comunicación, Educación y Psicología tienen sobre estas cuestiones. Se aplicó una metodología cuantitativa con un cuestionario electrónico enviado a 203 editores, compuesto de 19 items. Se observa que los editores dan una importancia esencial al rigor de la tarea de revisión, sustentado por pares ciegos. La mayoría de editores se consideran autodidactas y plantean la necesidad de profesionalizar el proceso editorial.The ethical responsibility of the editors of scientific journals is a cardinal issue, particularly following a series of fraudulent publications. This article presents the results of an exploratory study on the opinion of editors of Spanish scientific journals in the fields of Communication, Education and Psychology on these matters. The design of this research stems from a quantitative methodology and uses an electronic questionnaire that was submitted to 203 editors and had 19 items. The editors attach a great importance to the rigor of the reviewing process, carried out by blind peers. Most of the editors label themselves as autodidacts and raise the need to professionalize the editorial process.Estudio financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España, dentro del Plan Nacional de I+D+i (EDU2011-13034-E), acción complementaria: Observatorio de revistas científicas de ciencias sociales

Dynamic performance of biomass based carbons for CO2/CH4 separation. Approximation to a PSA process for biogas upgrading

Physical adsorption-based processes such as pressure swing adsorption (PSA) constitute an alternative to selectively adsorb CO2 from biogas streams. There is abundant work regarding the equilibrium of adsorption of pure CH4 and CO2 on different adsorbents. However, to design an adsorption process with a selected adsorbent it is very important to account for its dynamic behavior in a packed-bed. Thus, the performance of two biomass-based activated carbons (CS-CO2 and CS-H2O) previously prepared in our laboratory to separate CO2/CH4 has been evaluated. Full adsorption–desorption cycles were conducted at 30 °C (isothermal conditions) and different pressures (1, 3, 5, and 10 bar) feeding binary CO2/CH4 (50/50 vol %) mixtures to a purpose-built fixed-bed setup. A commercial activated carbon, Calgon BPL, was also evaluated for reference purposes. CO2 equilibrium uptakes were obtained from dynamic breakthrough curves and proved to be maximum at 10 bar (5.14, 4.48, and 4.14 mol kg–1 for CS-CO2, CS-H2O, and Calgon BPL, respectively). However, the CO2/CH4 separation efficiency, according to the difference in breakthrough times between CH4 and CO2, is very limited at 10 bar. A combined analysis of the productivity and purity of CH4 along with CO2 working capacity derived from dynamic experiments indicates that our biomass-based activated carbons would be better candidate materials for the CO2/CH4 separation at a pressure of 5 bar than the commercial activated carbon Calgon BPL.This work has received financial support from the Spanish MINECO (Project ENE2011-23467), 437 co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and from the Gobierno del 438 Principado de Asturias (PCTI2013-2017, GRUPIN14-079).Peer reviewe

Kinetics of CO2 adsorption on cherry stone-based carbons in CO2/CH4 separations

Most practical applications of solids in industry involve porous materials and adsorption processes. A correct assessment of the equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption is extremely important for the design and operation of adsorption based processes. In our previous studies we focused on the evaluation of the equilibrium of CO2/CH4 adsorption on cherry stone-based carbons. In the present paper the kinetics of adsorption of CO2 on two cherry stone-based activated carbons (CS-H2O and CS-CO2), previously prepared in our laboratory, has been evaluated by means of transient breakthrough experiments at different CO2/CH4 feed concentrations, at atmospheric pressure and 30 °C. A commercial activated carbon, Calgon BPL, has also been evaluated for reference purposes. Three models have been applied to estimate the rate parameters during the adsorption of CO2 on these carbons, pseudo-first, pseudo-second and Avrami´s fractional order kinetic models. Avrami´s model accurately predicted the dynamic CO2 adsorption performance of the carbons for the different feed gas compositions. To further investigate the mechanism of CO2 adsorption on CS-H2O, CSCO2 and Calgon BPL, intra-particle diffusion and Boyd´s film-diffusion models were also evaluated. It was established that mass transfer during the adsorption of CO2 from CO2/CH4 is a diffusion-based process and that the main diffusion mechanisms involved are intra-particle and film diffusion. At the initial stages of adsorption, film diffusion resistance governed the adsorption rate, whereas intra-particle diffusion resistance was the predominant factor in the following stages of adsorption.This work has received financial support from the Spanish MINECO (Project ENE2011-23467), co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and from the Gobierno del Principado de Asturias (PCTI 2013-2017 GRUPIN14-079). N.A-G. also acknowledges a fellowship awarded by the Spanish MINECO (FPI program), and co-financed by the European Social Fund.Peer reviewe

Influence of refining processes on content of bioactive compounds, rheology, and texture of olive pomace oil for use in topical formulations

Retaining the bioactive ingredients of olive pomace oil is a crucial step in ensuring their functional or pharmaceutical value. To help select the best method for retaining bioactive compounds in olive pomace oil, three refining processes, namely, chemical, classical physical, or molecular distillation, were compared at different temperatures. For each method, the contents of triacylglycerols, fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic, and linolenic acids), triterpenic acids (oleanolic and maslinic acids), and unsaponifiable matter (squalene, aliphatic, sterols, and terpenic) were studied. We observed that physical refining by molecular distillation provided oils with interesting amounts of bioactive compounds, especially triterpenic acids. Of these oils, the samples submitted to a temperature of 190°C exhibited a greater albeit low acidity compared with the other oils obtained by chemical and classical physical refining but exhibited higher amounts of all bioactive compounds. Conversely, the molecular distillation refining process had only a slight effect on the values of the consistency index. The firmness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness parameters from texture profile analysis indicated that in general, all deodorized oils had high smoothness and spreadability but low adhesiveness. Molecular distillation was concluded to be the best refining process. Nevertheless, it is necessary to improve the working conditions of this process. Practical applications: Olive pomace oil has all functional compounds of extra virgin olive oil, but with a higher concentration of some minor components. It is, therefore, very interesting to use it in skin care formulations. However, for use in the pharmaceutical field must be refined. This study aimed to provide determine the influence of different refining processes (chemical refining, classical physical refining, or physical refining by molecular distillation at different temperatures) in determining the composition of bioactive compounds. The best refining process was selected based on the analytical determination of bioactive compounds by gas chromatography. Results indicated that molecular distillation is the best refining process. Nevertheless, it is necessary to improve the working conditions. Scheme of the extraction and refining processes to which olive pomace oil is subjected, to achieve the lowest losses of bioactive compounds for use in topical formulations

Distinct Microglial Responses in Two Transgenic Murine Models of TAU Pathology

Microglial cells are crucial players in the pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Microglial response in AD has been principally studied in relation to amyloid-beta pathology but, comparatively, little is known about inflammatory processes associated to tau pathology. In the hippocampus of AD patients, where tau pathology is more prominent than amyloid-beta pathology, a microglial degenerative process has been reported. In this work, we have directly compared the microglial response in two different transgenic tau mouse models: ThyTau22 and P301S. Surprisingly, these two models showed important differences in the microglial profile and tau pathology. Where ThyTau22 hippocampus manifested mild microglial activation, P301S mice exhibited a strong microglial response in parallel with high phospho-tau accumulation. This differential phospho-tau expression could account for the different microglial response in these two tau strains. However, soluble (S1) fractions from ThyTau22 hippocampus presented relatively high content of soluble phospho-tau (AT8-positive) and were highly toxic for microglial cells in vitro, whereas the correspondent S1 fractions from P301S mice displayed low soluble phosphotau levels and were not toxic for microglial cells. Therefore, not only the expression levels but the aggregation of phospho-tau should differ between both models. In fact, most of tau forms in the P301S mice were aggregated and, in consequence, forming insoluble tau species.We conclude that different factors as tau mutations, accumulation, phosphorylation, and/or aggregation could account for the distinct microglial responses observed in these two tau models. For this reason, deciphering the molecular nature of toxic tau species for microglial cells might be a promising therapeutic approach in order to restore the deficient immunological protection observed in AD hippocampus.CIBERNEDJunta de Andalucía. Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo CTS-2035Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el BuenoMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesInstituto de Salud Carlos III. Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria. PI15/00957 PI15/00796Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional PI15/00957 PI15/0079