22 research outputs found
Evolution of associative learning in chemical networks
Organisms that can learn about their environment and modify their behaviour appropriately during their lifetime are more likely to survive and reproduce than organisms that do not. While associative learning – the ability to detect correlated features of the environment – has been studied extensively in nervous systems, where the underlying mechanisms are reasonably well understood, mechanisms within single cells that could allow associative learning have received little attention. Here, using in silico evolution of chemical networks, we show that there exists a diversity of remarkably simple and plausible chemical solutions to the associative learning problem, the simplest of which uses only one core chemical reaction. We then asked to what extent a linear combination of chemical concentrations in the network could approximate the ideal Bayesian posterior of an environment given the stimulus history so far? This Bayesian analysis revealed the ’memory traces’ of the chemical network. The implication of this paper is that there is little reason to believe that a lack of suitable phenotypic variation would prevent associative learning from evolving in cell signalling, metabolic, gene regulatory, or a mixture of these networks in cells
Enfermedad Diarreica Aguda en el Departamento de Nariño
El presente trabajo se encuentra enfocado en analizar la situación sobre la enfermedad con mayor incidencia en el Departamento de Nariño, teniendo en cuenta su historia natural, datos estadistas sobre su comportamiento en los últimos 10 años, además de identificar y describir los programas y estrategias implementadas por las instituciones implicadas para su control.
La enfermedad con mayor incidencia es la Enfermedad Diarreica Aguda EDA, la cual es un problema de salud pública más común en niños, y es la segunda causa de morbilidad y mortalidad a escala mundial, además se presenta en lugares en donde las condiciones higiénicas no son muy buenas y se presenta en las zonas más desprotegidas.The present work is focused on analyzing the situation on the disease with greater incidence in the Department of Nariño, taking into account its natural history, statistical data on its behavior in the last 10 years, as well as identifying and describing the programs and strategies implemented by the institutions involved for its control.
The disease with greater incidence is the Acute Diarrheic Disease EDA, which is a public health problem more common in children, and is the second cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, also occurs in places where hygienic conditions are not very good and is presented in the most unprotected areas
Population genomics of the Viking world.
The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about AD 750-1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history1,2. Here we sequenced the genomes of 442 humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci-including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response-in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent
Competências profissionais e interdisciplinaridade no Direito: percepções de discentes de uma faculdade particular mineira
La enseñanza de las ciencias naturales y educación ambiental en los grados sextos y octavos de educación básica de la institución municipal ciudadela educativa de Pasto
El trabajo de investigación que aquí se presenta fue realizado por el grupo de estudiantes del programa: Licenciatura en Educación Básica con énfasis en Ciencias Naturales y Educación Ambiental de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Nariño, con el propósito de investigar sobre la realidad que viven los grados sextos y octavos de la sede principal de la Institución Municipal Ciudadela Educativa de Pasto en cuanto a la enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales y Educación Ambiental, teniendo en cuenta: las experiencias sobresalientes e implementadas en el ámbito regional y nacional; los referentes: epistemológicos encaminados a conocer la concepción de ciencia y colaborar con la comprensión de la génesis del aprendizaje, el referente social dirigido a decidir los objetivos de la enseñanza de la ciencia, los contenidos y los enfoques metodológicos; el referente psicopedagógico proporcionando información sobre la manera en que los estudiantes construyen los conocimientos científicos, con la participación de la psicología cognitiva y la didáctica de las ciencias; y por último la correspondiente política educativa Colombiana.
En segundo termino orientado a la recolección de información a partir de instrumentos como la entrevista, la encuesta y el análisis documental, los cuales se organizaron y codificaron para su respectiva lectura cuantitativa y cualitativa que llevaron a un análisis y triangulación que culmino con unos hallazgos que quedan plasmados en este trabajo que a su vez hace parte del proyecto que adelanta la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Nariño, desarrollando la línea de investigación “Enseñanza de las Ciencias” que había anunciado la Facultad, que permita el fortalecimiento y proyección de la enseñanza de las ciencias en las instituciones educativas.
Population genomics of the Viking world
The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about ad 750–1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history1,2. Here we sequenced the genomes of 442 humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci—including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response—in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent
Caracterización morfológica de incisivos y molares de un grupo de afrodescendientes de Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Objectives: To determine the frequency, variability, sexual dimorphism, correlation and bilateral symmetry of 13 non-metric dental crown traits (NMDCT) in incisors and molars of afro descent group of Cali, Valle del Cauca (Colombia)Material and methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study that characterizes the dental morphology of the central and lateral upper incisors (11, 12, 21, 22) and first and second upper and lower molars (16, 17, 26, 27, 36, 37, 46, 47) by ASUDAS system of observation, recording and analysis reported in the literature; from 60 models of study (34 female and 26 male) obtained from a afro descent group with aged between 7 to 17 years.Results: Was obtained winging and crowding mid frequencies, high frequency of shovel-shape in central and lateral incisors, low frequency of Carabelli cusp, low frequency of metaconule, reduction of hypocone absent, P point expression of protostylid, low frequency of deflecting wrinkle, groove pattern configuration Y5 (lower first molar) and +5 and +6 (lower second molar). NMDCT not sexually dimorphic (except hypocone reduction and groove pattern), have low correspondence and have bilateral symmetry. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Conclusions: The frequency and variability of the 13 NMDCT allowed determining that the group of African descent is part of Caucasoid Dental Complex with Mongoloid Dental Complex influence, due to mixing processes and ethno historic settlement of the southeastern region of Cali.
Key words: Dental anthropology, dental morphology, incisors, molars, non-metric dental traits, African descent, Afrocolombian.Objectives: To determine the frequency,variability, sexual dimorphism, correlationand bilateral symmetry of 13 non-metricdental crown traits (NMDCT) in incisorsand molars of afro descent group of Cali,Valle del Cauca (Colombia)Material and methods: Quantitativecross-sectional study that characterizesthe dental morphology of the central andlateral upper incisors (11, 12, 21, 22) andfirst and second upper and lower molars(16, 17, 26, 27, 36, 37, 46, 47) by ASUDASsystem of observation, recording andanalysis reported in the literature; from 60models of study (34 female and 26 male)obtained from a afro descent group withaged between 7 to 17 years.Results: Was obtained winging andcrowding mid frequencies, high frequencyof shovel-shape in central and lateralincisors, low frequency of Carabelli cusp,low frequency of metaconule, reductionof hypocone absent, P point expression ofprotostylid, low frequency of deflectingwrinkle, groove pattern configuration Y5(lower first molar) and +5 and +6 (lowersecond molar). NMDCT not sexually dimorphic(except hypocone reduction andgroove pattern), have low correspondenceand have bilateral symmetry. A p<0.05 wasconsidered statistically significant.Conclusions: The frequency and variabilityof the 13 NMDCT allowed determiningthat the group of African descent is partof Caucasoid Dental Complex with MongoloidDental Complex influence, due tomixing processes and ethno historic settlementof the southeastern region of Cali.Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia, la variabilidad, el dimorfismo sexual, la correspondenciay la simetría bilateral de 13 Rasgos Morfológicos Dentales Coronales (RM DC) en dientes incisivos y molares de un grupo de afrodescendientes de Cali, Valle del Cauca (Colombia).Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal cuantitativo que caracterizó la morfología dental de los primeros y segundos incisivos superiores (11, 12, 21, 22) y de los primeros y segundos molares superiores e inferiores (16, 17, 26, 27, 36, 37, 46, 47) mediante el sistema de observación, registro y análisis ASUDAS; a partir de 60 modelos de estudio (34 femeninos y26 masculinos) obtenidos de un grupo de afrodescendientes con edades comprendidasentre los 7 y los 17 años.Resultados: Se obtuvieron frecuencias medias de winging y crowding, altas frecuencia de incisivos centrales y laterales en pala, baja frecuencia de cúspide de Carabelli,baja frecuencia de metacónulo, ausencia de reducción del hipocono; expresión del punto P del protostílido, baja frecuencia del pliegue acodado, configuración del patrón cuspídeo Y5 (primero molar inferior) y +5 y +6 (segundo molar inferior). Los RMDC no presentan dimorfismo sexual (exceptoreducción del hipocono y patrón cuspídeo), tienen baja correspondencia y cuentan con simetría bilateral. Una p0.05 se consideró estadísticamente significativa.Conclusiones: La frecuencia y variabilidad de los 13 RMDC permitió determinar queel grupo de afrodescendientes hace parte del Complejo Dental Caucasoide con influencia del Complejo Dental Mongoloide debido al mestizaje producto de los procesos etno-históricos de asentamiento de la región suroriental de Cali.
Palabras clave: Antropología dental, morfología dental, incisivos, molares, rasgos morfológicos dentales coronales, afrodescendientes, afrocolombianos.
 
Externado De Pediatría - ME214 - 202100
Curso de la especialidad, de la carrera de medicina, de carácter práctico del ciclo 10, en el que los estudiantes
elaboran y presentan la historia clínica con su respectivo plan diagnóstico, terapéutico y procedimientos en el
paciente pediátrico, a través de prácticas clínicas y la realización de actividades de simulación y metodología
activa en el aula.
El curso del externado de pediatría busca desarrollar la competencia general de comunicación escrita (nivel 3)y
las competencias específicas de práctica clínica diagnóstico (nivel 3) y profesionalismo- sentido ético, legal y
responsabilidad profesional(nivel 3).
El externado de pediatría, le permitirá al estudiante plantear un adecuado tratamiento y plan de trabajo según el
diagnóstico de los principales problemas pediátricos que le servirá en su vida futura profesional
The Fusarium graminearum MAP1
Fusarium, graminearum is the causal agent of ear blight disease of cereals. Infection occurs at anthesis when ascospores and/or conidia directly penetrate exposed anther and ovary tissue. The hemibiotrophic hyphae colonize floral tissues and developing grains to cause premature ear senescence. During infection, Fusarium hyphae can also produce hazardous trichothecene mycotoxins, thereby posing a threat to human and animal health and safety. The Fusarium MAP1 gene was identified using a PCR approach by its homology to a known pathogenicity gene of Magnaporthe grisea, the mitogen-activated protein kinase gene PMK1. Gene replacement F. graminearum map1 mutants were non-pathogenic on wheat flowers and roots, and also could not infect wounded wheat floral tissue or tomato fruits. Unlike the wild-type strain, map1 mutant inoculations did not compromise grain yield. Map1 mutants lost their ability to form perithecia in vitro, but their rate of asexual conidiation was unaffected. DON mycotoxin production in planta was still detected. Collectively, the observed phenotypes suggest that the Map1 signalling protein controls multiple events in disease establishment and propagation. Novel approaches to control Fusarium ear blight disease by blocking perithecial development are discussed
Externado De Pediatría - ME214 - 202101
Curso de la carrera de medicina, de carácter teórico práctico del ciclo 10, en el que los estudiantes presentan una
historia clínica con su respectivo plan diagnóstico, terapéutico y procedimientos en un paciente pediátrico, a
través de la realización de actividades de simulación y metodología activa en el aula.
El curso del externado de pediatría busca desarrollar la competencia general de comunicación escrita (nivel 3) y
las competencias específicas de práctica clínica diagnóstico (nivel 3) y profesionalismo-sentido ético, legal y
1responsabilidad profesional(nivel 3).
El externado de pediatría, le permitirá al estudiante plantear un adecuado tratamiento y plan de trabajo según el
diagnóstico de los principales problemas pediátricos que le servirá en su futura vida profesional