POLIMORFISME PENANDA RAPD UNTUK ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK KEMIRI (Aleurites mollucana) DI KABUPATEN MAROS

The genetic diversity of candlenut (Aleurites mollucana) need to be analysed using molecular study for plant breeding purpose. Primer selection are basic steps for molecular study especially in analysis of genetic diversity. The aim of this research was to obtain RAPD primers  were able to amplify candlenut DNA, produce bright and clear polymorphic bands. The result showed that seven of 20 RAPD primers were able to produce polymorphic band. These seven polymorphic primers can be recommended to use for genetic diversity of candlenut analyses

KARAKTERISASI MORFOLOGI SUMBER BENIH TEGAKAN PINUS TERIDENTIFIKASI DI HUTAN PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

This study aims  to investigate genetic diversity of identified pine stands at Unhas Extention Forest based on morphological markers.  The methods used are observation and measurement of the variables leaves, stems and plant height.  An analysis of data used the NTSYSpc program (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate System) version 2.0.The results showed that there are some morphological similarities such as  the shape of the leaves (needles), the shape of the curve of the leaf tip (tapered), the shape of the curve of the leaf base(tapering), the shape of the leaf margins (flat), the color of top surface of the leaf (dark green), the color of lower surface of leaf (dark green), the state of the upper surface of the leaf (smooth), the state of the lower leaf surface (rough), bark texture (grooved), rod shape (square), and the shape of the canopy (cones) while the other variables showed a difference. The genetic diversity of individual spine based on morphological observations is low.   Keywords  :  Morfological, Genetics,  Diversity, Pin

Moderate Level of Genetic Diversity in Anthocephalus Macrophyllus Roxb, an Endemic Tree of Sulawesi and Its Implication in Conservation

Anthocephalus macrophyllus Roxb is an endemic tree to Sulawesi having high economic value. It has rarely been investigated, either in genetic population or genetic consevation aspects. The information regarding genetic diversity is very important in order to gain more understanding for breeding and conservation strategies. Genetic diversity is used as material selection of expected genotype. The study was to determine genetic diversity of A. macrophyllus from Sulawesi provenances that would be used in further development of this species. Leaf samples were collected from 108 families of A. macrophyllus belong to Sulawesi provenances. Four out of ten microsatellite markers that had high polymorphism were used for amplifying the 108 DNA samples. Results showed number of allele and mean of allele were 3 to 4 alleles and 3,5, respectively. Moreover, PIC mean of the evaluated loci was 3,7. The analysis of genetic relationship showed that the 108 families had moderate level of genetic diversity. This research suggest to establish germplasm nursery via either seed from different provenance. In situ and ex situ approaches have to be applied together for conserving genetic resources of Anthocephalus macrophyllus

Polymorphism Of Simple Sequence Repeat Regions Of Sulawesi Ebony (Diosphyros Celebica Bakh.) In Experimental Forest Of Hasanuddin University Provenance

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based molecular techniques have been used to detect the polymorphism in plants. The utilization of molecular markers plays essential role in germplasm characterization and plant breeding since the information of DNA marker technology can be exchanged between laboratories and should have standard method to be reproducible. The molecular aspect has been commonly linked to DNA isolation protocol and polymorphic molecular marker, thus can be used for molecular research recommendation purposes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the capability of microsatellite marker of Ebenaceae Family for amplifying Ebony DNA, and to determine the appropriate PCR annealing temperatures. The DNA isolation of Ebony leaves from Experimental Forest of Hasanuddin University Provenance was carried out using Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Plant) Geneaid protocol. Nine of seventeen selected primers from the Genus Diospyros were able to amplify Ebony DNA. Amplification products produced polymorphic bands with different annealing temperatures (ranged from 53 to 56°C). These nine polymorphic primers will be recommended to use for future studies in genetic diversity as well as pollen dispersal pattern analyses

Eksplorasi Cendawan Rhizosfer Pada Tegakan Hutan Rakyat suren Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Tanaman

Pertumbuhan tanaman dapat dipengaruhi oleh adanya keragaman mikroba yang yang terdapat di rhizosfer, salah satunya yaitu cendawan. Cendawan rhizosfer yang terdapat pada akar tanaman dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman dan perlindungan terhadap mikroba tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi cendawan rhizosfer. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu isolasi cendawan menggunakan teknik pengenceran 10-2 dan 10-3 , serta identifikasi cendawan berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Hasil isolasi cendawan rhizosfer diperoleh sebanyak 33 isolat yang terdiri atas 5 genus yaitu Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Rhizopus, Penicillium dan Fusarium.Kata Kunci : Suren, Rhizosfer, Cendawa

Karakterisasi Genetis Sumber Benih Tegakan Pinus Teridentifikasi di Hutan Pendidikan Universitas Hasanuddin

Studi genetik tegakan pinus teridentifikasi di Hutan Pendidikan Unhas . Tujuan penelit??an ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan genetik tegakan pinus teridentifikasi di Hutan Pendidikan berdasarkan penanda RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Silvikultur Universitas Hasanudin Makassar dan Laboratorium RSP Unhas. Metode yang digunakan adalah isolasi DNA, seleksi primer dan Analisis RAPD. Hasil analisis DNA pinus dengan menggunakan 10 jenis primer acak (OPS 11, OPP 08, OPA 02, OPG 02, OPK 20, OPY 06, OPZ 12, OPK 10, OPM 06 dan OPD 03) menunjukkan adanya pola pita dan jumlah pita polimorfik yang bervariasi yaitu antara 8 ??? 22 pita. Pada taraf kesamaan 60 % hampir semua indifidu membentuk klaster tersendiri, kecuali pada indifidu sampel 22, 23 dan 24 berada dalam klaster yang sama. Jarak genetik pinus yang terjauh adalah 0.9630 (antara sampel 6 dengan sampel 30) sedangkan jarak genetik terdekat adalah 0.2698 (antara sampel 17 dengan sampel 19). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan jarak genetik dan dendogram yang terbentuk menunjukkan keragaman genetik antara individu tegakan pinus teridentifikasi tergolong tinggi

Identifikasi dan Karakterisasi Mikoriza pada Tegakan Nyatoh (Palaquium sp.)

This research aimed to identify the mycorrhiza types that associated in roots and soil on  Palaquium sp. plant. This  research has implemented on December 2017 until February 2018. This research procedures made by two stages includes collecting soil and root samples on Palaquium sp plant on  Ko'mara Community Forest, Takalar District. Therefore, the second step is isolation, identification, and observing colonization of mycorrhiza spores in the Integrated Laboratory and Biotechnology and Tree Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The results showed types of spore that found were Glomus, Gigaspora and Acaulospora. Glomus spore has highest relative abundance in root samples whereas on soil samples were Glomus, Gigaspora, and Schleroderma with Glomus spores has highest relative abundance in. The colonization percentage on site was intermediate

RESPON PERTUMBUHAN SEMAI SENGON BUTO (Enterolobium cyclocarpum) DENGAN APLIKASI POT MEDIA SEMAI BERBAHAN DASAR SAMPAH ORGANIK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan semai sengon buto pada berbagai komposisi pot media semai berbahan dasar sampah organik. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap. Terdiri dari 13 perlakuan (perbandingan komposisi bahan penyusun pot media semai kompos : arang sekam : tanah liat) yaitu P1 (55% : 35% : 10%), P2 (55% : 30% : 15%), P3 (55% : 25% : 20%), P4 (55% : 20% : 25%), P5 (60% : 30% : 10%), P6 (60% : 25% : 15%), P7 (60% : 20% : 20%), P8 (60% : 15% : 25%), P9 (65% : 25% : 10%), P10 (65% : 20% : 15%), P11 (65% : 15% : 20%), P12 (65% : 10% : 25%) dan K (Tanah). Variabel yang diamati adalah tinggi semai, diameter batang, biomassa, Rasio Pucuk Akar (RPA), dan Indeks Mutu Bibit (IMB). Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan Analisis Sidik Ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi sampah organik sebagai bahan dasar pot media semai berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi, pertumbuhan diameter, RPA, Biomassa, IMB semai sengonbuto dan P1 memberikan pengaruh paling efektif pada pertumbuhan semai sengon buto, khususnya pada variabel tinggi (30,0887 cm), biomassa (6,0810 g), dan IMB (0,4859)

POLLEN DISPERSAL PATTERNS EBONI LASITAE PROVENANCE BASED ON SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS (SSR)

Parentage analysis has been used to evaluate pollen dispersal in ebony (Diosphyros celebica Bakh.). The objectives of this research were to evaluate (i) the dispersal of pollen, and (ii) the distance of pollen travel in ebony Lasitae provenances. The finding of this activities should be beneficial to support breeding of this ebony tree. There were 14 progeny arrays were harvested from 3 female parents. There were 32 ebony trees surrounding the female parents were analyses as the potential male parents for the progenies. Ebony tress were mapped according to their GPS position. All samples were genotyped using four SSR marker loci. Parentage analysis was done using CERVUS version 2.0 software. Results of the analysis indicated the evaluated markers were effective for assigning candidate male parents to all evaluated seedlings. There is no specific direction of donated pollen movement from assigned donor parents to the female ones. The donated pollens could come from assigned male parents in any directions relative to the female parent positions. Pollen dispersal pattern of ebony female parent occured in outcrossing pollination among its different donated trees. Based on the progenies analysis, ebony female parent is a dominantly outcrossing pollination species. Distances of pollen travel reach to 18 until 269 meter.Key words: Ebony, ssr marker, pollen dispersal

Potensi Isolat Cendawan dari Serasah Mahoni dan Akasia sebagai Dekomposer

The potential for biodiversity, including microorganisms interacting with stands in the Unhas Educational Forest, has not been well investigated. The stand contains litter that has the potential to be used for the manufacture of organic fertilizer or compost. Efforts to develop organic fertilizers require basic information about the fungi that can potentially provide decomposers. The research method included taking acacia and mahogany leaf litter that had rotted around the plantation and then isolating the fungus using dilution and purification techniques. The collection of fungal isolates was then tested for lignocellulolytic enzymes. The results showed that the fungal isolates with the highest scores for chitinase, pectinase, and cellulase enzyme activity were isolated from mahogany stand litter (M4 10-3) (1) and acacia stand litter (A1 10-2) (2). The results of this study can be used to manufacture organic fertilizers with high nutrient content and can be applied to increase maximum plant growth.Potensi keanekaragaman hayati termasuk mikroorganisme yang berinteraksi dengan tegakan yang ada di Hutan Pendidikan Unhas belum banyak dieksplorasi. Tegakan tersebut memiliki limbah serasah yang berpotensi digunakan untuk pembuatan pupuk organik atau pupuk kompos. Upaya pengembangan pupuk organik memerlukan informasi dasar mengenai jenis-jenis cendawan yang berpotensi sebagai dekomposer. Metode penelitian meliputi pengambilan serasah daun akasia dan mahoni yang sudah lapuk di sekitar pertanaman selanjutnya dilakukan isolasi cendawan dengan teknik pengenceran dan pemurnian. Koleksi isolat cendawan selanjutnya diuji enzim lignoselulolitiknya. Hasil uji aktifitas enzim kitinase diperoleh 1 isolat cendawan dari tegakan mahoni yang memiliki skoring tertinggi (4) yaitu kode  isolat (M4 10-3) (1) sedangkan pada tegakan akasia  didapatkan 2 isolat yaitu kode isolat  (A1 10-2) (2) dan (A4 10-2) (1). Hasil uji aktifitas enzim pektinase diperoleh 2 isolat cendawan dari tegakan mahoni yang memiliki skoring tertinggi (3) yaitu kode  isolat (M4 10-2) (1) dan (M4 10-3) (1), sedangkan pada tegakan akasia didapatkan 1 isolat dengan skoring tertinggi (4) yaitu kode isolat  (A1 10-2) (2).  Hasil uji aktifitas enzim selulase diperoleh 2 isolat cendawan dari tegakan mahoni  yang memiliki skoring tertinggi (4) yaitu kode isolat (M4 10-2) (1) dan (M4 10-3) (1), sedangkan pada tegakan akasia didapatkan 1 isolat dengan skoring tertinggi (4) yaitu kode isolat (A1 10-2) (2). Hasil penelitian ini dapat berpotensi digunakan dalam pembuatan pupuk organik yang mempunyai kandungan hara tinggi dan dapat diaplikasikan dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan yang maksimal pada tanaman