Study of the effectiveness and rationality of using Google network services in scientific research

The article examines the effectiveness and rationality of using Google network services in conducting scientific research. As an example, we considered a study in which 162 respondents took part in a survey using a Google form. The data obtained show the feasibility of using Google services in the field of scientific technologies.В статье представлена оценка эффективности и рациональности применения сетевых Google-сервисов в проведении научных исследований. В качестве примера было рассмотрено исследование, в котором приняли участие 162 респондента, прошедшие опрос с помощью Google формы. Полученные данные показывают целесообразность применения сервисов Google в области научных технологий

Voting 'against all' in postcommunist Russia

Since the early 1990s voters in Russia (and most of the other post-Soviet republics) have been offered the opportunity to vote ‘against all’ parties and candidates. Increasing numbers have done so. The evidence of two post-election surveys indicates that ‘against all’ voters are younger than other voters, more urban and more highly educated. They do not reject liberal democracy, but are critical of the contemporary practice of Russian politics and find no parties that adequately reflect their views. With the ending of the ‘against all’ facility in 2006 and other changes in the Russian electoral system under the Putin presidency, levels of turnout are likely to fall further and the protest vote will seek other outlets within or outside the parliamentary system

Measurement of the K+→μ+νμγK^+\rightarrow{\mu^+}{\nu_{\mu}}{\gamma} decay form factors in the OKA experiment

A precise measurement of the vector and axial-vector form factors difference $F_V-F_A$ in the $K^+\rightarrow{\mu^+}{\nu_{\mu}}{\gamma}$ decay is presented. About 95K events of $K^+\rightarrow{\mu^+}{\nu_{\mu}}{\gamma}$ are selected in the OKA experiment. The result is $F_V-F_A=0.134\pm0.021(stat)\pm0.027(syst)$. Both errors are smaller than in the previous $F_V-F_A$ measurements.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Патоморфологические и молекулярно-генетические особенности диффузного типа рака желудка

 Gastric cancer (GC) is the 5th most common type of cancer in the world and the third leading cause of death from cancer. GC is a multi-factorial and morphologically heterogeneous disease. Currently, several morphological classifications of GC are used, however, for diagnosis, it is necessary to take into  account not only the morphological type of the tumor, but also its molecular subtype. According to the literature, the intestinal type of GC is most often associated with effects of environmental factors and is usually found in older  age groups in men, while diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) is a genetically determined disease which is more common in younger patients, with the same frequency among men and women.This review covers in detail GC, its classification by P.A. Lauren (1965), and its molecular subtypes characterized during the Cancer Genome Atlas project and examines the impact of certain risk factors on the pathogenesis of the disease, such as: H. pylori infection or Epstein – Barr virus. A separate section in this analytical work is dedicated to expression of the PD-L1 marker by tumor cells and the use of this parameter for prognosis and therapy of this disease. An essential part of the work is discussion of the features of intestinal and diffuse types of gastric cancer, which reflect not only the differences in classifications used in modern diagnosis, but also the relationship between the pathological pattern and the molecular subtype of gastric cancer.  Рак желудка (РЖ) занимает пятое место в мире по распространенности среди всех злокачественных новообразований и является третьей по значимости причиной смертности от онкологических заболеваний. РЖ является мультифакториальным, морфологически  неоднородным заболеванием. В настоящее время используется несколько морфологических классификаций  РЖ, однако для постановки диагноза требуется учитывать не только морфологический тип опухоли, но и ее  молекулярный подтип. По данным литературы, РЖ  интестинального типа чаще всего ассоциирован с  действием факторов окружающей среды и, как правило, встречается в старших возрастных группах у мужчин.  Диффузный тип рака желудка (ДТРЖ) является в большей степени генетически детерминированным заболеванием и чаще встречается у более молодых пациентов, при этом с одинаковой частотой среди мужчин и женщин.В данном обзоре подробно освещается тема РЖ, его  классификация по P.A. Lauren (1965), его молекулярным  подтипы, охарактеризованные в Атласе ракового генома  (The Cancer Genome Atlas), а также рассматривается влияние  определенных факторов риска на патогенез  заболевания, таких как инфицирование H. pylori или вирусом Эпштейна – Барр. Отдельную роль в данной  аналитической работе занимает вопрос экспрессии опухолевыми клетками маркера PD-L1 и использование  данного параметра для прогнозирования и терапии этого  заболевания. Немаловажной частью работы является  обсуждение особенностей интестинального и диффузного  типов рака желудка, которые отражают не только различия  используемых в современной диагностике классификаций,  но и взаимосвязь патоморфологической картины с  молекулярным подтипом рака желудка.

Экономическая целесообразность аллерген-специфической иммунотерапии

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Scintillator counters with multi-pixel avalanche photodiode readout for the ND280 detector of the T2K experiment

The Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) experiment is a second generation long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment which aims at a sensitive search for νe appearance. The main design features of the T2K near neutrino detectors located at 280 m from the target are presented, and the scintillator counters are described. The counters are readout via WLS fibers embedded into S-shaped grooves in the scintillator from both ends by multi-pixel avalanche photodiodes operating in a limited Geiger mode. Operating principles and results of tests of photosensors with a sensitive area of 1 mm2 are presented. A time resolution of 1.75 ns, a spatial resolution of 9.9 - 12.4 cm, and a detection efficiency for minimum ionizing particles of more than 99% were obtained for scintillator detectors in a beam test. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Headgroup Structure and Cation Binding in Phosphatidylserine Lipid Bilayers

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a negatively charged lipid type commonly found in eukaryotic membranes, where it interacts with proteins via nonspecific electrostatic interactions as well as via specific binding. Moreover, in the presence of calcium ions, PS lipids can induce membrane fusion and phase separation. Molecular details of these phenomena remain poorly understood, partly because accurate models to interpret the experimental data have not been available. Here we gather a set of previously published experimental NMR data of C-H bond order parameter magnitudes, vertical bar S-CH vertical bar, for pure PS and mixed PS:PC (phosphatidylcholine) lipid bilayers and augment this data set by measuring the signs of S-CH in the PS headgroup using S-DROSS solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The augmented data set is then used to assess the accuracy of the PS headgroup structures in, and the cation binding to, PS-containing membranes in the most commonly used classical molecular dynamics (MD) force fields including CHARMM36, Lipidl7, MacRog, Slipids, GROMOS-CKP, Berger, and variants. We show large discrepancies between different force fields and that none of them reproduces the NMR data within experimental accuracy. However, the best MD models can detect the most essential differences between PC and PS headgroup structures. The cation binding affinity is not captured correctly by any of the PS force fields-an observation that is in line with our previous results for PC lipids. Moreover, the simulated response of the PS headgroup to bound ions can differ from experiments even qualitatively. The collected experimental data set and simulation results will pave the way for development of lipid force fields that correctly describe the biologically relevant negatively charged membranes and their interactions with ions. This work is part of the NMRlipids open collaboration project (nmrlipids.blogspot.fi).Peer reviewe

Behavior of NO2 and O3 columns during the eclipse of February 26, 1998, as measured by visible spectroscopy

Observations of the NO2 and O3 columns using zenith-viewing differential absorption spectroscopy in the visible range (450–540 nm) were carried out at Izaña Observatory (Tenerife, 28°N, 16°W, 2370 m above sea level.) during the eclipse of February 26, 1998 (95% occultation over the station). Ozone has been retrieved using two different spectral ranges to minimize the effect of the continuous change of the solar spectrum shape as the Sun is being occulted. Small variations before the maximum phase in agreement with previous observations are found, but because of the change in the shape of the solar spectrum, it cannot conclusively be determined whether the ozone changes are real or due to interferences with changing Fraunhofer lines. The difficulties in observing small changes of absorbing gases during solar eclipse when using remote sensing technique that uses the solar UV and visible radiation as the source are discussed. NO2 displays an increase in phase with the degree of solar occultation, as compared to a non eclipse day of 1.55±0.09. A simple model assuming that changes over short times scales are only due to changes in photodissociation, using O3 and temperatures obtained from an ozone sounding station close to the observatory, reproduces the observed variation when the NO2 bulk is assumed to be at an altitude of 28 km. Correction for differences between local solar zenith angle (SZA) and the SZA where the absorption takes place is taken into account.This work has been possible thanks to the support of the UE through the SCUVS-3 Project (ENV-4-CT95-0089)

Clinical Justification for Preliminary Thermal Exposure to Composite in the Treatment of Caries: Randomized Clinical Trial

Background. Polymer composites have good aesthetic characteristics and pronounced physicochemical properties, as compared to traditional restorative materials such as amalgam. However, the polymerization reaction of composite material containing bismethacrylate group commonly used in clinical practice is always accompanied by a different degree of volumetric shrinkage (2.7%~7.1%). The resulting stress can lead to adhesion failure and some other unfavorable clinical consequences, such as enamel destruction, microcracking of composite material and formation of microleakage between composite and tooth cavity wall, which can result in recurrent caries and postoperative sensitivity, thereby affecting the long-term effect of restoration. Therefore, studying the effect of preheating on composite restoration is important for its clinical application. Objective. To improve the effectiveness of treatment of patients with dental caries by improving the physicochemical properties of composite restorations.Methods. A randomized clinical trial enrolled 180 patients aged 18 to 45 years, diagnosed with dentin caries class I, according to Black (K02.1 in ICD). The study was conducted in the Dental Clinic of Kuban State Medical University, Russia. 180 composite restorations were performed in the treatment of dentin caries of molars. Patients were randomized into 2 groups): the control group — 90 patients and the main group — 90 patients. The control and main groups, in turn, were divided into three subgroups, depending on the composite used — Estelite Sigma Quick (Tokuyama Dental, Japan), Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative (3M Espe, USA) and DentLight (VladMiVa, Russia). Each subgroup consisted of 30 patients. In the control group, the classical method of filling with a composite material at “room temperature” was applied. In the main group, a composite heating conditioner “Ena Heat” (Micerium, Italy) was used to heat the composite to 55 °C before adapting the material in the formed cavity with subsequent photopolymerization. The quality of composite restorations within the clinical study was evaluated using the modified Ryge criterion immediately after treatment and after 6, 12, 18, 24 months. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out by means of one-factor analysis of variance using the GraphPadPrism 9 program (GraphPad Software, USA).Results. The duration of the clinical study comprised 24 months. The study revealed a statistically significant decrease in the quality of marginal fit of composite restorations (according to the Ryge score) by 20.1% (p = 0.0001) in the control group and by 5.7% (p = 0.0328) in the main group.  At the same time, no statistically significant changes in Ryge scores were reported in the subgroups of composite materials of the main group (pF = 0.9480, pE = 0.1837, pD = 0.2529). As a result of the study, an optimal time algorithm (7 seconds) for using a special furnace for preheating the composite before sealing with subsequent photopolymerization was obtained.Conclusion. The study revealed a statistically significant positive effect of the proposed algorithm for working with a heated composite on the quality of marginal fit in the long term after treatment in comparison with the classical method of working with a composite at “room temperature”

ChPT tests at the NA48 and NA62 experiments at CERN

The NA48/2 Collaboration at CERN has accumulated unprecedented statistics of rare kaon decays in the Ke4 modes: Ke4(+-) ($K^\pm \to \pi^+ \pi^- e^\pm \nu$) and Ke4(00) ($K^\pm \to \pi^0 \pi^0 e^\pm \nu$) with nearly one percent background contamination. The detailed study of form factors and branching rates, based on these data, has been completed recently. The results brings new inputs to low energy strong interactions description and tests of Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT) and lattice QCD calculations. In particular, new data support the ChPT prediction for a cusp in the $\pi^0\pi^0$ invariant mass spectrum at the two charged pions threshold for Ke4(00) decay. New final results from an analysis of about 400 $K^\pm \to \pi^\pm \gamma \gamma$ rare decay candidates collected by the NA48/2 and NA62 experiments at CERN during low intensity runs with minimum bias trigger configurations are presented. The results include a model-independent decay rate measurement and fits to ChPT description.Comment: XIIth International Conference on Heavy Quarks and Leptons 2014, Mainz, German