545 research outputs found
Urban-rural income inequality in China: new evidence from Input-Output Analysis
Treballs Finals del MĂ ster d'Economia, Facultat d'Economia i Empresa, Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2020-2022, Tutor: MĂČnica SerranoIncome inequality between urban and rural households is a severe problem in China. There are a variety of factors that can cause this urban-rural gap. This paper focuses on factor income inequality, more precisely in the labour compensation income received by urban and rural households at sectoral level (42 sectors) and considering the 31 Chinese provinces. The aim of this paper is to analyse to what extend Chinaâs economic structure can reduce this type of inequality. I develop an extension of the Miyazawa model within a multiregional and multisectoral framework. I find that urban households always benefit more than their rural counterparts when treated by consumption stimulation tools. In the cross-regional analysis, I evaluate the internal effect and spill-over effect, showing the regions that benefit most from othersâ consumption increase
Uniaxial and Mixed Orientations of Poly(ethylene oxide) in Nanoporous Alumina Studied by X-ray Pole Figure Analysis
The orientation of polymers under confinement is a basic, yet not fully understood phenomenon. In this work, the texture of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) infiltrated in nanoporous anodic alumina oxide (AAO) templates was investigated by X-ray pole figures. The influence of geometry and crystallization conditions, such as pore diameter, aspect ratio, and cooling rates, was systematically examined. All the samples exhibited a single, volume-dependent crystallization temperature (Tc) at temperatures much lower than that exhibited by bulk PEO, indicating âcleanâ microdomains without detectable heterogeneous nucleation. An âorientation diagramâ was established to account for the experimental observations. Under very high cooling rates (quenching), crystallization of PEO within AAO was nucleation-controlled, adopting a random distribution of crystallites. Under low cooling rates, growth kinetics played a decisive role on the crystal orientation. A relatively faster cooling rate (10 °C/min) and/or smaller pores lead to the * â pore axis (nâ) mode (uniaxial orientation). When the cooling rate was lower (1 °C/min), and/or the pores were larger, a mixed orientation, with a coexistence of * â nâ and * â nâ , was observed. The results favor the kinetic model where the fastest growth direction tends to align parallel to the pore axis.This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 21873109, 51820105005, 21274156). G. L. is grateful to the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2015026). G. L., D. W., and A. J. M. also acknowledge European funding by the RISE BIODEST project (H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017-778092). The authors thank Dr. Zhongkai Yang for assistance with pole figure measurement
Classifying Ingestive Behavior of Dairy Cows via Automatic Sound Recognition
Determining ingestive behaviors of dairy cows is critical to evaluate their productivity and health status. The objectives of this research were to (1) develop the relationship between forage species/heights and sound characteristics of three different ingestive behaviors (bites, chews, and chew-bites); (2) comparatively evaluate three deep learning models and optimization strategies for classifying the three behaviors; and (3) examine the ability of deep learning modeling for classifying the three ingestive behaviors under various forage characteristics. The results show that the amplitude and duration of the bite, chew, and chew-bite sounds were mostly larger for tall forages (tall fescue and alfalfa) compared to their counterparts. The long short-term memory network using a filtered dataset with balanced duration and imbalanced audio files offered better performance than its counterparts. The best classification performance was over 0.93, and the best and poorest performance difference was 0.4â0.5 under different forage species and heights. In conclusion, the deep learning technique could classify the dairy cow ingestive behaviors but was unable to differentiate between them under some forage characteristics using acoustic signals. Thus, while the developed tool is useful to support precision dairy cow management, it requires further improvement
Hydrogen jet diffusion modeling by using physics-informed graph neural network and sparsely-distributed sensor data
Efficient modeling of jet diffusion during accidental release is critical for
operation and maintenance management of hydrogen facilities. Deep learning has
proven effective for concentration prediction in gas jet diffusion scenarios.
Nonetheless, its reliance on extensive simulations as training data and its
potential disregard for physical laws limit its applicability to unseen
accidental scenarios. Recently, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have
emerged to reconstruct spatial information by using data from
sparsely-distributed sensors which are easily collected in real-world
applications. However, prevailing approaches use the fully-connected neural
network as the backbone without considering the spatial dependency of sensor
data, which reduces the accuracy of concentration prediction. This study
introduces the physics-informed graph deep learning approach (Physic_GNN) for
efficient and accurate hydrogen jet diffusion prediction by using
sparsely-distributed sensor data. Graph neural network (GNN) is used to model
the spatial dependency of such sensor data by using graph nodes at which
governing equations describing the physical law of hydrogen jet diffusion are
immediately solved. The computed residuals are then applied to constrain the
training process. Public experimental data of hydrogen jet is used to compare
the accuracy and efficiency between our proposed approach Physic_GNN and
state-of-the-art PINN. The results demonstrate our Physic_GNN exhibits higher
accuracy and physical consistency of centerline concentration prediction given
sparse concentration compared to PINN and more efficient compared to OpenFOAM.
The proposed approach enables accurate and robust real-time spatial consequence
reconstruction and underlying physical mechanisms analysis by using sparse
sensor data
Tembusu Virus in Ducks, China
In China in 2010, a disease outbreak in egg-laying ducks was associated with a flavivirus. The virus was isolated and partially sequenced. The isolate exhibited 87%â91% identity with strains of Tembusu virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus of the Ntaya virus group. These findings demonstrate emergence of Tembusu virus in ducks
Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO
Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical
events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before
(pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the
multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the
monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and
SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is
a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The
real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the
electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to
ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming
a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to
the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos
up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30 for the case
of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is
evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay
interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert,
can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the
next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure
Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in -tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV
Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton
collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against
a boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and
transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 GeV and in the pseudorapidity range . The
data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy
of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb. Triple
differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum
fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also
measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent
fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the
measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into
the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any
supplementary material and additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb
public pages
Study of the decay
The decay is studied
in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of TeV
using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5
collected by the LHCb experiment. In the system, the
state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is
resolved into two narrower states, and ,
whose masses and widths are measured to be where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second
systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a
prompt sample. Evidence of a new
state is found with a local significance of , whose mass and width
are measured to be and , respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode
is found with a significance of
. The relative branching fraction of with respect to the
decay is measured to be , where the first
uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from
the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb
public pages
Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions and
The ratios of branching fractions
and are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a
sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb of
integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The
tau lepton is identified in the decay mode
. The measured values are
and
, where the first uncertainty is
statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these
measurements is . Results are consistent with the current average
of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the
predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb
public pages
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