Análisis espacio-temporal de la captura incidental de picudos por la pesquería cerquera venezolana de atún en el Pacífico oriental

The Venezuelan eastern Pacific tuna purse-seine fishery was analyzed to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of billfish´s incidental catch. The Venezuelan National Observer Program data-base was used, including the incidental catch and fishing effort from 1995 to 2006. Effort was expressed in number of sets and catch in number of organisms. Billfishes represented only 0.4% of the total incidental catch, and were grouped in two families: Xiphidae (swordfish) and Isthiophoridae (marlins and sailfish). The mean incidental catch did not show a well defined annual distribution pattern, with the highest vales registered in 1998, 2000 and 2003, with significant statistical differences among years. The highest catches were observed in Zone 3, ranging from the central American coasts to 120° W, between 5 and 20° N. Significant statistical differences were found among zones. The highest percentage of billfish incidental catch was registered with marine mammal sets (55%), followed by school-sets (29%) and lastly log-sets (16%). With significant statistical differences among these three types of sets. Billfishes were mainly incidentally caught from 26.5 to 30.5 °C of sea surface temperature. Most billfishes caught incidentally were big (>150 cm) (88%).Se realizó un análisis de la pesquería venezolana de atún con cerco que opera en el océano Pacífico oriental, con el objetivo de determinar la distribución espacio temporal de la captura incidental de picudos. Se utilizó la serie histórica de datos de la captura incidental de picudos y el esfuerzo de 1995 a 2006 proporcionados por el Programa Nacional de Observadores de Venezuela. El esfuerzo de pesca se expresó en número de lances y la captura en número de organismos. Los picudos representaron 0.4% de la captura incidental y estuvieron agrupados en dos familias: Xiphidae (pez espada) e Isthiophoridae (marlines y pez vela). La captura no mostró un patrón de distribución anual bien definido, siendo los años 1998, 2000 y 2003 los que presentaron los valores más altos de todo el período. El promedio de la captura anual mostró diferencias estadísticas significativas. Las capturas más altas se observaron en la Zona 3, comprendida desde el litoral de Centroamérica, al oeste, hasta 120° O, entre los paralelos 5° N y 20° N. Se comprobó que existen diferencias significativas entre zonas. El mayor porcentaje de captura incidental de picudos provino de lances realizados sobre mamíferos (55%), seguida sobre brisas (29%) y, finalmente sobre objetos flotantes (16%). La comparación estadística estableció que existe diferencia significativa de la captura media entre estos tres indicadores de pesca. Los organismos se capturaron principalmente desde los 26.5 °C hasta los 30.5 °C de temperatura superficial del mar. El 88% de los picudos capturados fueron grandes (>150 cm)

Knowledge and Practice of Health Professionals in the Management of Dysphagia

Background: Dysphagia is associated with poor outcome in stroke patients. Studies investigating the association of dysphagia and early dysphagia screening (EDS) with outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are rare. The aims of our study are to investigate the association of dysphagia and EDS within 24 h with stroke-related pneumonia and outcomes. Methods: Over a 4.5-year period (starting November 2007), all consecutive AIS patients from 15 hospitals in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, were prospectively evaluated. The primary outcomes were stroke-related pneumonia during hospitalization, mortality, and disability measured on the modified Rankin Scale >= 2-5, in which 2 indicates an independence/slight disability to 5 severe disability. Results: Of 12,276 patients (mean age 73 +/- 13; 49% women), 9,164 patients (74%) underwent dysphagia screening; of these patients, 55, 39, 4.7, and 1.5% of patients had been screened for dysphagia within 3, 3 to 72 h following admission. Patients who underwent dysphagia screening were likely to be older, more affected on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and to have higher rates of neurological symptoms and risk factors than patients who were not screened. A total of 3,083 patients (25.1%; 95% CI 24.4-25.8) had dysphagia. The frequency of dysphagia was higher in patients who had undergone dysphagia screening than in those who had not (30 vs. 11.1%; p < 0.001). During hospitalization (mean 9 days), 1,271 patients (10.2%; 95% CI 9.7-10.8) suffered from stroke-related pneumonia. Patients with dysphagia had a higher rate of pneumonia than those without dysphagia (29.7 vs. 3.7%; p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that dysphagia was associated with increased risk of stroke-related pneumonia (OR 3.4; 95% CI 2.8-4.2; p < 0.001), case fatality during hospitalization (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.1-3.7; p < 0.001) and disability at discharge (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.6-2.3; p < 0.001). EDS within 24 h of admission appeared to be associated with decreased risk of stroke-related pneumonia (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.52-0.89; p = 0.006) and disability at discharge (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.46-0.77; p < 0.001). Furthermore, dysphagia was independently correlated with an increase in mortality (OR 3.2; 95% CI 2.4-4.2; p < 0.001) and disability (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.8-3.0; p < 0.001) at 3 months after stroke. The rate of 3-month disability was lower in patients who had received EDS (52 vs. 40.7%; p = 0.003), albeit an association in the logistic regression was not found (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.51-1.2; p = 0.2). Conclusions: Dysphagia exposes stroke patients to a higher risk of pneumonia, disability, and death, whereas an EDS seems to be associated with reduced risk of stroke-related pneumonia and disability. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Base

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase isoenzymes play an important role in the filling and quality of Arabidopsis thaliana seed

Three plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC1 to PPC3) and two phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase (PPCKs: PPCK1 and 2) genes are present in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. In seeds, all PPC genes were found to be expressed. Examination of individual ppc mutants showed little reduction of PEPC protein and global activity, with the notable exception of PPC2 which represent the most abundant PEPC in dry seeds. Ppc mutants exhibited moderately lower seed parameters (weight, area, yield, germination kinetics) than wild type. In contrast, ppck1-had much altered (decreased) yield. At the molecular level, ppc3-was found to be significantly deficient in global seed nitrogen (nitrate, amino-acids, and soluble protein pools). Also, N-deficiency was much more marked in ppck1-, which exhibited a tremendous loss of 95% and 90% in nitrate and proteins, respectively. The line ppck2-had accumulated amino-acids but lower levels of soluble proteins. Regarding carboxylic acid pools, Krebs cycle intermediates were found to be diminished in all mutants; this was accompanied by a consistent decrease in ATP. Lipids were stable in ppc mutants, however ppck1-seeds accumulated more lipids while ppck2-seeds showed high level of polyunsaturated fatty acid oleic and linolenic (omega 3). Altogether, the results indicate that the complete PEPC and PPCK family are needed for normal C/N metabolism ratio, growth, development, yield and quality of the seed.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2012-35708, AGL2016-75413-PJunta de Andalucía P12-FQM-48

Dedo pulgar en gatillo bilateral, tratamiento quirúrgico y conservador en paciente de 4 años de edad

Introduction. Trigger finger is a rare anomaly in children; it is of unknown etiology and mainly affects the thumb. Management may be conservative or surgical. Case report. Pediatric patient of 4 years and 7 months of age is referred to plastic surgery service for fixed flexion deformity of the right thumb, after 4 months of evolution associated with a palpable nodule. It is successfully intervened surgically, without complications, sequels or recurrence. Discussion. The patient was effectively treated via surgery. Follow-up was carried out for three years with satisfactory evolution, showing full recovery of the function of the thumb, with no after-effects and with adequate adaptability to the environment. Conclusion. The objective of this article is to present a clinical case that aims to draw attention to the indications for conservative versus surgical treatment existing in the literature, corresponding to a pediatric patient from our milieu with a bilateral trigger finger, its treatment and postoperative results. Pediatric trigger finger has low prevalence in the world. There are no incidence or prevalence studies in this region. The age at which it arises is variable; the signs and symptoms are not the same as those of adults; involvement may be bilateral; diagnosis is clinical and surgery may be the most effective treatment, depending on the degree of involvement.Introducción. El dedo en gatillo es una anomalía infrecuente en niños que afecta principalmente al dedo pulgar, de etiología desconocida. El manejo puede ser conservador o quirúrgico. Reporte de caso. Paciente pediátrica escolar de 4 años y 7 meses de edad es remitida al servicio de cirugía plástica por deformidad en flexión fija del pulgar derecho, de 4 meses de evolución asociada a nódulo palpable. Se interviene quirúrgicamente de forma efectiva, sin complicaciones, secuelas ni recurrencia. Discusión. La paciente fue manejada quirúrgicamente de forma efectiva. Se hizo un seguimiento durante 3 años con una evolución satisfactoria, teniendo una recuperación total de la función del pulgar, sin secuelas y adecuada adaptabilidad al medio. Conclusión. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un caso clínico que busca llamar la atención sobre las indicaciones del tratamiento conservador versus quirúrgico que existen en la literatura, corresponde a una paciente pediátrica de nuestro medio con dedo pulgar en gatillo bilateral, su manejo y los resultados postoperatorios. El dedo pulgar en gatillo pediátrico tiene una baja prevalencia en el mundo. No hay estudios de incidencia ni prevalencia en nuestro medio. La edad de presentación es variable, los signos y síntomas no son iguales a los del adulto, el compromiso puede ser bilateral, su diagnóstico es clínico y el tratamiento quirúrgico, dependiendo del grado de compromiso, puede ser el más efectivo

Amphiphilic-like carbon dots as antitumoral drug vehicles and phototherapeutical agents

The work was financially supported by the Spanish institutions Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (PGC2018-098770-B-I00 and CTQ2017-86125-P) and Junta de Andalucia (ProgramaOperativo FEDER 2014-2020, grants B-FQM-141-UGR18, A1-FQM-341-UGR-18, C-FQM-497-UGR18).Water-insoluble carbon dots are recognized as promising materials, although their applications in nanomedicine are rarely explored, despite their lipophilic character and foreseen compatibility with biological membranes. In this article, we exploit the anhydride functionalization of carbon dots obtained by thermolysis of citric acid to synthesize amphiphilic-like carbon dots (LCDs) by reaction with alkyl amines. A differential feature of this approach is that the hydrophobicity of LCDs is a balance between the ionization of the carboxylic groups resulting from the reaction and the hydrophobicity from the grafted amines. The alkyl chains allow LCDs to entrap hydrophobic molecules and the ionization of the carboxylic groups increases the hydrosolubility, permitting the transfer between organic and aqueous phases. The biomedical interest of these features is illustrated by analyzing the application of LCDs as carriers of the drug campothecin and their evaluation on a battery of cancer cell lines, as well as the transformation of LCDs into a phototherapeutic agent by the formation of a complex with IR780 dye. Results demonstrate that LCDs behave as nanocarriers in a manner that resembles other supramolecular hosts with two differential features: (i) the length of the alkyl chains determines the size of the hosted guest, and (ii) the hydrosolubility of the complex can be modulated by pH.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades PGC2018-098770-B-I00 CTQ2017-86125-PJunta de Andalucia B-FQM-141-UGR18 A1-FQM-341-UGR-18 C-FQM-497-UGR1

Educación y Calidad: Análisis comparativo del desempeño estudiantil en contextos vulnerables en una Provincia de Chile

El Sistema de Medición de la Calidad Escolar (SIMCE) ha demostrado estadísticamente que la educación impartida en nuestras escuelas conlleva un amplio grado de desigualdad en relación con su dependencia, es decir, si son Privadas (con alguna contribución del Estado), Subvencionadas (con contribuciones del Estado directamente a un propietario privado) o Municipal (con contribuciones del Estado directamente a los Municipios que administran uno o un grupo de escuelas consideradas del Estado). A partir de esta realidad, este trabajo se ha planteado como propósito principal, realizar un estudio comparativo del desempeño en la prueba SIMCE, de los estudiantes de cuarto grado de primaria en el municipio de San Antonio de la Región de Valparaíso, en la zona central de Chile. Para alcanzar las metas trazadas, se procede a realizar un análisis estadístico de los puntajes respectivos correspondientes a los años 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007 y 2008. En general, se corrobora que existe una correlación entre el nivel socioeconómico de la escuela y el respectivo rendimiento estudiantil.The School Quality Measurement System (SIMCE) has statistically demonstrated that education delivered in our schools entails wide degrees of unequity related with their dependence, in other words whether they are Privates (with any contribution from the state), subsidized (with contributions from the State directly to a private owner) or Municipal (with contributions from the State directly to the Municipalities which administrate one or a group of schools considered from the state). From this reality, this work has been proposed as the main purpose, to perform a comparative study of the performance in the SIMCE test, of the students of fourth grade of primary school in the municipality of San Antonio of the Valparaíso Region, in the central zone From Chile. To achieve the goals set, we proceed to perform a statistical analysis of the respective scores for the years 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. In general, it is corroborated that there is a correlation between the socioeconomic level of the school and the respective student performance

Primer consenso en leucemia linfocítica crónica de la agrupación mexicana para el estudio de la hematología: epidemiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento

La leucemia linfocítica crónica (LLC) es la leucemia crónica menos frecuente en México. En consideración a los avances recientes, a una mejor clasificación pronóstica y a la introducción de nuevas modalidades terapéuticas, la Agrupación Mexicana para el Estudio de la Hematología organizó el primer consenso mexicano en leucemia linfocítica crónica. Este consenso se llevó a cabo en Cancún, Quintana Roo, México, en Septiembre del 2007. Los objetivos de esta reunión fueron actualizar y compartir los conocimientos de la enfermedad entre los especialistas mexicanos, con el fin de mejorar el diagnóstico y el pronóstico de la LLC en México. En el artículo se discute los aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos de la LLC

Experimental verification of hybrid renewable systems as feasible energy sources

[EN] Renewable energies are a central element in the search for energy sustainability, so they are becoming a substantial component of the energy scenario of every country, both as systems connected to the grid or in stand-alone applications. Feasibility of these renewable energy systems could be necessary not only in their application in isolated areas, but also in systems connected to the grid, in this last case when their contribution reaches a substantial fraction of the total electricity demand. To overcome this reliability problem, hybrid renewable systems could become essential and activities to optimize their design should be addressed, both in the simulation and in the experimental areas. In this paper, a laboratory to simulate and verify the reliability of hybrid renewable systems is presented and its application to the feasibility analysis of multicomponent systems including photovoltaic panels, wind generator and biomass gasification plant, plus energy storage in a battery bank, are described.Pérez-Navarro, Á.; Alfonso-Solar, D.; Ariza-Chacón, HE.; Cárcel Carrasco, FJ.; Correcher Salvador, A.; Escrivá-Escrivá, G.; Hurtado, E.... (2016). Experimental verification of hybrid renewable systems as feasible energy sources. Renewable Energy. 86(2):384-391. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2015.08.030S38439186

Analyzing derived metallicities and ionization parameters from model-based determinations in ionized gaseous nebulae

We analyze the reliability of oxygen abundances and ionization parameters obtained from different diagnostic diagrams. For this, we compiled from the literature observational emission line intensities and oxygen abundance of 446 star-forming regions whose O/H abundance was determined by direct estimation of electron temperature. The abundances compiled were compared with the values calculated in this work using different diagnostic diagrams in combination with results from a grid of photoionization models. We found that the [\ion{O}{iii}]/[\ion{O}{ii}] vs. [\ion{N}{ii}]/[\ion{O}{ii}], [\ion{O}{iii}]/H$\beta$ vs. [\ion{N}{ii}]/[\ion{O}{ii}], and ([\ion{O}{iii}]/H$\beta$)/([\ion{N}{ii}]/H$\alpha$) vs. [\ion{S}{ii}]/[\ion{S}{iii}] diagnostic diagrams give O/H values close to the $T_{\rm e}$-method, with differences of about 0.04 dex and dispersion of about 0.3 dex. Similar results were obtained by detailed models but with a dispersion of 0.08 dex. The origin of the dispersion found in the use of diagnostic diagrams is probably due to differences between the real N/O-O/H relation of the sample and the one assumed in the models. This is confirmed by the use of detailed models that do not have a fixed N/O-O/H relation. We found no correlation between ionization parameter and the metallicity for the objects of our sample. We conclude that the combination of two line ratio predicted by photoionization models, one sensitive to the metallicity and another sensitive to the ionization parameter, which takes into account the physical conditions of star-forming regions, gives O/H estimates close to the values derived using direct detections of electron temperatures.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted by MNRA