“Factores de riesgo psicosocial y su relación con el estrés laboral en docentes de una unidad educativa”

Psychosocial risks are factors based on the organization of work, which can cause effects on the health and quality of life of workers at a physical, psychological, emotional, behavioral, and social level, triggering symptoms such as work stress. The objective of the study was to analyze psychosocial risks and their relationship with work a sample made up of 90 subjects belonging to the educational area (71% men and 29% women). The instruments applied were the Psychosocial Risk Assessment Questionnaire and the ILO-WHO Work Stress Questionnaire, allowing to identify the prevalence of low level of psychosocial risks with 86% in the overall result, as well as the result by dimensions, the dominance of the low level was evidenced 82%, in the relation to work stress variable, 50% stood out in the medium level. It was determined that there is no correlation between psychosocial risks and work stress in the teaching staff of the “Santa Rosa” Educational Unit, since there is not enough statistical evidence to reject the null hypothesis (p>0.05).Los riesgos psicosociales son factores con base en la organización del trabajo, los cuales pueden causar afectaciones en la salud y la calidad de vida de los trabajadores a nivel físico, psicológico, emocional, conductual y social desencadenando en sintomatología como estrés laboral. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los riesgos psicosociales y su relación con el estrés laboral en docentes. se trabajó con una muestra conformada por 90 sujetos pertenecientes al área educativa (71% hombre y 29% mujeres), Los instrumentos aplicados fueron el Cuestionario de Evaluación de Riesgo Psicosocial y el Cuestionario de estrés laboral de la OIT-OMS permitiendo identificar la prevalencia de nivel bajo de riesgos psicosociales con el 86% en el resultado global, así como el los resultados por dimensiones se evidencio el domino del nivel bajo 82%, con relación a la variable estrés laboral se destacó el 50% en el nivel medio. Se determinó que no existe una correlación entre los riesgos psicosociales y estrés laboral en el personal docente de la Unidad Educativa “Santa Rosa” puesto que, no existe suficiente evidencia estadística para rechazar la hipótesis nula (p>0.05)

O desafio da política fiscal em face de uma indústria de petróleo instável. O caso de Ciudad del Carmen, México

The case of Ciudad del Carmen in the Mexican state of Campeche, It is the object of this study, which will be the nerve center in the removal of the major oil assets in the Gulf of Mexico, has been reduced their economic activity to the contraction of Pemex and therefore of the providers of services, being able to observe currently a growing unemployment, emigration of the labor force, business and tourist infrastructure utilization and a very intense economic depression. Through exploratory research, we present an overview of recent developments, its immediate impact, the social and economic implications and the possible scenarios in terms of fiscal policy which we consider to be possible and feasible.Keywords: Economic depression, emigration of the labor force, business infrastructure, fiscal policy.El caso de Ciudad del Carmen en el Estado mexicano de Campeche, es el objeto de este estudio, que de ser el centro neurálgico en la extracción de los principales activos petroleros de la zona del Golfo de México, ha visto reducida su actividad económica ante la contracción de Pemex, y por consiguiente, de los prestadores de servicios, pudiéndose observar recientemente un desempleo creciente, emigración de la fuerza laboral, infraestructura de negocios y turística ociosa, y una depresión económica muy intensa. Mediante investigación exploratoria, se presenta una reseña de los recientes acontecimientos, su impacto inmediato, las consecuencias sociales y económicas que se prevén, y los posibles escenarios en materia de política fiscal que se consideran posibles y viables.Palabras clave: depresión económica, emigración de la fuerza laboral, infraestructura de negocios, política fiscal.Le cas de Ciudad del Carmen dans l'État mexicain de Campeche, Il est l'objet de cette étude, d'être le centre névralgique dans l'extraction des principaux actifs pétroliers de la région du Golfe du Mexique, a vu leur activité économique auprès de la contraction de Pemex et par conséquent des prestataires de services, pouvant observer actuellement (mai 2016) un chômage croissant, de l'émigration de la population active, l'infrastructure d'affaires et touristique tel et une dépression économique très forte. Grâce à la recherche exploratoire, nous avons présenté un aperçu des événements récents, son impact immédiat, les conséquences sociales et économiques qui sont prévues et les éventuels scénarios en matière de politique fiscale que nous considérons possibles et réalisables.Mots-clés: dépression économique, de l'émigration de la force de travail, infrastructure d'affaires, de la politique fiscale.No caso de Ciudad del Carmen, no Estado mexicano de Campeche, é o objeto deste estudo, que será o centro nevrálgico na remoção dos principais ativos de óleo no Golfo do México, foi reduzida a sua actividade económica para a contração da Pemex e portanto de prestadores de serviços, sendo capaz de observar atualmente (maio de 2016) um desemprego crescente, a emigração da mão-de-obra, empresariais e turísticas a utilização da infra-estrutura e uma depressão económica muito intensa.Palavras-chave: depressão económica, a emigração da mão-de-obra, infraestruturas empresariais, política fiscal

O desafio da política fiscal em face de uma indústria de petróleo instável. O caso de Ciudad del Carmen, México

The case of Ciudad del Carmen in the Mexican state of Campeche, It is the object of this study, which will be the nerve center in the removal of the major oil assets in the Gulf of Mexico, has been reduced their economic activity to the contraction of Pemex and therefore of the providers of services, being able to observe currently a growing unemployment, emigration of the labor force, business and tourist infrastructure utilization and a very intense economic depression. Through exploratory research, we present an overview of recent developments, its immediate impact, the social and economic implications and the possible scenarios in terms of fiscal policy which we consider to be possible and feasible.Keywords: Economic depression, emigration of the labor force, business infrastructure, fiscal policy.El caso de Ciudad del Carmen en el Estado mexicano de Campeche, es el objeto de este estudio, que de ser el centro neurálgico en la extracción de los principales activos petroleros de la zona del Golfo de México, ha visto reducida su actividad económica ante la contracción de Pemex, y por consiguiente, de los prestadores de servicios, pudiéndose observar recientemente un desempleo creciente, emigración de la fuerza laboral, infraestructura de negocios y turística ociosa, y una depresión económica muy intensa. Mediante investigación exploratoria, se presenta una reseña de los recientes acontecimientos, su impacto inmediato, las consecuencias sociales y económicas que se prevén, y los posibles escenarios en materia de política fiscal que se consideran posibles y viables.Palabras clave: depresión económica, emigración de la fuerza laboral, infraestructura de negocios, política fiscal.Le cas de Ciudad del Carmen dans l'État mexicain de Campeche, Il est l'objet de cette étude, d'étre le centre névralgique dans l'extraction des principaux actifs pétroliers de la région du Golfe du Mexique, a vu leur activité économique auprès de la contraction de Pemex et par conséquent des prestataires de services, pouvant observer actuellement (mai 2016) un chômage croissant, de l'émigration de la population active, l'infrastructure d'affaires et touristique tel et une dépression économique très forte. Gráce à la recherche exploratoire, nous avons présenté un aperçu des événements récents, son impact immédiat, les conséquences sociales et économiques qui sont prévues et les éventuels scénarios en matière de politique fiscale que nous considérons possibles et réalisables.Mots-clés: dépression économique, de l'émigration de la force de travail, infrastructure d'affaires, de la politique fiscale.No caso de Ciudad del Carmen, no Estado mexicano de Campeche, é o objeto deste estudo, que será o centro nevrálgico na remoção dos principais ativos de óleo no Golfo do México, foi reduzida a sua actividade económica para a contração da Pemex e portanto de prestadores de serviços, sendo capaz de observar atualmente (maio de 2016) um desemprego crescente, a emigração da mão-de-obra, empresariais e turísticas a utilização da infra-estrutura e uma depressão económica muito intensa.Palavras-chave: depressão económica, a emigração da mão-de-obra, infraestruturas empresariais, política fiscal

Genetic analysis of pre-Columbian human remains from Lower Magdalena suggests a migratory route and matrilineal genetic continuity in Northern South America

El análisis del ADN en restos de poblaciones prehispánicas ha permitido aproximarse al origen genético de una proporción importante de los habitantes de la actual Colombia. Los resultados arqueológicos de la tradición de Malambo, cuyo origen se remonta a 3.000 años A.P. en el bajo Magdalena, se complementaron con estudios genéticos de cuatro individuos asociados con esta población. Para ello se extrajo ADN de muestras de dientes y huesos. El ADN extraído se purificó y se amplificó por PCR para su posterior secuenciación y análisis filogenético. El haplogroupo B2j se identificó y se caracterizó mediante la mutación G16361A, así como la deleción de 9pb y las mutaciones diagnósticas del haplogrupo B. Este mismo haplogrupo fue descrito recientemente en un individuo en Venezuela, lo que sugiere la filiación genética matrilineal y su continuidad en el norte de SuraméricaDNA analysis in pre-Hispanic populations remains has allowed approaching the genetic origins of inhabitants in present-day Colombia. In this work, we complemented the archaeological results on the Malambo tradition, originated 3000 years B.P. in Lower Magdalena, with genetic studies of bone remains of four individuals associated with this population. We extracted DNA from bone samples and purified and amplified them by PCR for further sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. We identified the B2j haplogroup in all individuals as characterized by a G16361A mutation, as well as a 9-pb deletion and diagnostic mutations of haplogroup B. This same haplogroup was recently described in an individual in Venezuela suggesting genetic maternal filiation and continuity in northern South AmericaN/

Use of distance maps in the segmentation of images from DNA gels

El análisis de geles de ADN es de gran importancia en estudios de genética poblacional y enel diagnóstico de enfermedades de carácter genético. El objetivo principal de dicho análisisconsiste en la estimación del tamaño (medido en pares de bases) de todos o algunos fragmentosde ADNpresentes en el gel, procedimiento que hasta el momento es llevado a coba de formamanual en el Laboratorio de Genética de la VIS.El presente artículo describe un método, basado en técnicas de procesamiento digital deimágenes, que permite automatizar los procesos de segmentación y detección de bandas (ofragmentos de ADN) en la imagen digital correspondiente, haciendo uso de procedimientoscomo el cálculo de la autocorrelación y los mapas de distancia. Se trata de un procedimientonuevo, más robusto y preciso en comparación con trabajos anteriores y que ofrece además undesempeño igual, y en algunos casos superior, al ofrecido por algunos sistemas de caráctercomercial.DNA gels analysis plays an important role in the genetics ofpopulation and genetic disordersdiagnosis studies. The main purpose ofthis procedure is to determine the size (measured in basepairs) ofeveryfragment, or at leastsome ofthem, ofDNA present in the gel, a process which untilnow, is carried out manually in the Genetics Laboratory ofthe UniversidadIndustrial de Santander.This paper describes a procedure, based on digital image processing techniques, that leads tosegmentation and bands (DNA fragments) detection on the digital image, previously acquired,with the help ofprocedures such as autocorrelation and distance maps estimation. This procedureis a completely new approach to DNA electrophoresis gels analysis; the algorithm is more robustand precise than previous works developed, and it also offers the same (and sometimes better)performance offered by some commercial software evaluated

Design of an Intelligent Front-End Signal Conditioning Circuit for IR Sensors

This paper presents the design of an intelligent front-end signal conditioning system for IR sensors. The system has been developed as an interface between a PbSe IR sensor matrix and a TMS320C67x digital signal processor. The system architecture ensures its scalability so it can be used for sensors with different matrix sizes. It includes an integrator based signal conditioning circuit, a data acquisition converter block, and a FPGA based advanced control block that permits including high level image preprocessing routines such as faulty pixel detection and sensor calibration in the signal conditioning front-end. During the design phase virtual instrumentation technologies proved to be a very valuable tool for prototyping when choosing the best A/D converter type for the application. Development time was significantly reduced due to the use of this technology

Pyridinethiolate titanocene metalloligands and their self-assembly reactions to yield early–late metallamacrocycles

New titanocene pyridinethiolate compounds [(RCp)2Ti(4-Spy)2] (R = H (1), Me (2); Cp = cyclopentadienyl; 4-Spy = pyridine-4-thiolate) and [Cp2Ti(2-Spy)2] (3; 2-Spy = pyridine-2-thiolate) have been prepared by reaction of the corresponding Li(Spy) salt with the appropriate compound [(RCp)2TiCl2]. Compounds 1 and 2 have been used as metalloligands in self-assembly reactions with the acceptor late-transition-metal compounds [M(H2O)2(dppp)](OTf)2 (M = Pd (a) Pt (b); dppp = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane), and the series of early–late tetranuclear metallamacrocycles [{(RCp)2Ti(4-Spy)2}{M(dppp)}]2(OTf)4 (R = H, M = Pd (12a2); R = H, M = Pt (12b2); R = Me, M = Pd (22a2); R = Me, M = Pt (22b2)) arising from the anti isomer of the titanocene metalloligands have been obtained. Only ligand transfer reactions from Ti to either Pd or Pt atoms have been observed when the pyridine-2-thiolate derivative 3 has been assayed in self-assembly processes. The obtained species have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and ESI(+) mass spectrometry. The supramolecular assemblies have shown to be nonrigid in solution, and their fluxional behavior has been studied by VT 1H NMR spectroscopy. A DFT study including ab initio molecular dynamics in order to elucidate the structures and the relative stability of the isomers has been performed.Financial support for this work was provided by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO/FEDER) of Spain (CTQ2013-42532-P and CTQ2012-31335), Diputación General de Aragón (Group E07) and Fondo Social Europeo. E.R. thanks Generalitat de Catalunya for an ICREA Academia fellowship.Peer reviewe

Monitoring of airborne biological particles in outdoor atmosphere. Part 1: Importance, variability and ratios

The first part of this review ("Monitoring of airborne biological particles in outdoor atmosphere. Part 1: Importance, variability and ratios") describes the current knowledge on the major biological particles present in the air regarding their global distribution, concentrations, ratios and influence of meteorological factors in an attempt to provide a framework for monitoring their biodiversity and variability in such a singular environment as the atmosphere. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, pollen and fragments thereof are the most abundant microscopic biological particles in the air outdoors. Some of them can cause allergy and severe diseases in humans, other animals and plants, with the subsequent economic impact. Despite the harsh conditions, they can be found from land and sea surfaces to beyond the troposphere and have been proposed to play a role also in weather conditions and climate change by acting as nucleation particles and inducing water vapour condensation. In regards to their global distribution, marine environments act mostly as a source for bacteria while continents additionally provide fungal and pollen elements. Within terrestrial environments, their abundances and diversity seem to be influenced by the land-use type (rural, urban, coastal) and their particularities. Temporal variability has been observed for all these organisms, mostly triggered by global changes in temperature, relative humidity, et cetera. Local fluctuations in meteorological factors may also result in pronounced changes in the airbiota. Although biological particles can be transported several hundreds of meters from the original source, and even intercontinentally, the time and final distance travelled are strongly influenced by factors such as wind speed and direction