NUEVO ENFOQUE EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA INGENIERIA. FUTURO Y RELACION CON EL DESARROLLO SUSTENTABLE

En tanto la enseñanza de la ingeniería se da en un mundo de constantes cambios en los conocimientos que involucran a la tecnología, y en donde la velocidad de los mismos compite con los tiempos de adecuación y puesta a punto de las ofertas curriculares para que estas tengan vigencia y actualización permanente; el trabajo reflexiona sobre la manera en que la Universidad debe formar profesionales aptos para desenvolverse en un mundo social que también reclama nuevas actitudes como el desarrollo sustentable, la preservación de los ecosistemas, la reflexión crítica y las formulaciones participativas. Se pone a debate un nuevo enfoque en los modos de gestión, enfatizando en aspectos de calidad y de responsabilidad social; a partir de la en enunciacion de una serie de criterios que indican que la UNNOBA en Ingeniería propone como meta superadora una enseñanza basada en competencias y una implícita definición del proceso de aprendizaje basado en resultado

Módulos Académicos Acreditables como estrategia de internacionalización y movilidad académica. El caso del Centro Tecnológico de Desarrollo Regional Los Reyunos. UTN; Argentina.

El presente trabajo refiere a la experiencia de internacionalización que realiza el Centro Tecnológico de Desarrollo Regional Los Reyunos de la Universidad Tecnológica Nacional de la República Argentina. Los denominados Módulos Académicos Acreditables, MAA, constituyen una herramienta académica que dentro del grado de Ingeniería y Administración han logrado concretar una amplia acción de intercambio entre estudiantes de Argentina y Brasil; y están en fase de suma estudiantes de Paraguay y Chile. Se analizan los resultados de las actividades programadas en escala significativa pues involucran contingentes de 40 y 50 alumnos que provenientes de Universidades del sur de Brasil realizan los MAA en CTDR Los Reyunos; y de alumnos de Argentina que realizan los MAA en sedes de Brasil, con acreditación académica aplicable a sus trayectorias curriculares

Power consumption analysis of electrical installations at healthcare facility

Producción CientíficaThis paper presents a methodology for power consumption estimation considering harmonic and interharmonic content and then it is compared to the power consumption estimation commonly done by commercial equipment based on the fundamental frequency, and how they can underestimate the power consumption considering power quality disturbances (PQD). For this purpose, data of electrical activity at the electrical distribution boards in a healthcare facility is acquired for a long time period with proprietary equipment. An analysis in the acquired current and voltage signals is done, in order to compare the power consumption centered in the fundamental frequency with the generalized definition of power consumption. The results obtained from the comparison in the power consumption estimation show differences between 4% and 10% of underestimated power consumption. Thus, it is demonstrated that the presence of harmonic and interharmonic content provokes a significant underestimation of power consumption using only the power consumption centered at the fundamental frequency.SEP-CONACYT, under grant 222453-2013FOMIX, under grant QRO-2014-C03-250269FOFIUAQ-FIN20161

Sensitivity of South American tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly

The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (−0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C ha −1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Exact and discretized stability of the pantograph equation

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:9106.1605(CU-DAMTP-NA--10/1996) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Grid4All: open market places for democratic grids

The Grid4All project is focused on the provision of the benefits and opportunities of Grids for everyone, including small organizations such as schools, families, non-governmental organizations, or small businesses. This involves multiple relevant and related aspects despite the scale of the global system: (i) self-management of applications as they adapt to environmental changes, (ii) the complexity of developing and using applications in that situation by multiple users, (iii) and the need to organize, govern, and regulate the community. Grid4All1 promotes the concept of a democratic Grid, virtual organizations and self-management systems, based on decentralized overlays. Thereby, the providers offer resources and services either for a shared-interest within a virtual organization (pooling) or for an open market across virtual organizations. These two models of distributing resources that co-exist locally, contribute to achieve global regulation. We propose an architecture according to these ideas, which are inspired by real-world cases, which include a collection of data sharing and execution services, used by collaborative applications.Peer Reviewe

An investigation into the efficiency enhancement of strained and strain-balanced quantum well solar cells

The optical absorption of a p-i-n solar cell may be increased by incorporating quantum well layers in the intrinsic region, resulting in a larger short-circuit-current. Further, the additional quantum well absorption may be achieved without incurring a comparable loss in open-circuit-voltage; offering potential for enhanced solar power conversion efficiencies. The work reported in this thesis is concerned with the application of quantum well techniques to the GaAs cell, currently the highest efficiency single band-gap cell. In the absence of lattice matched lower band-gap materials, strained InGaAs was used as the quantum well material. An optical study of the carrier dynamics at the solar cell operating point indicates suppressed quasi-Fermi levels in the QW with respect to the bulk material, with advantageous implications for the open-circuit-voltage. However the strained quantum wells introduce misfit dislocations into the structure that dominate the recombination of the cell. The associated loss in open-circuit-voltage is shown to be too large to allow strained GaAs/InGaAs cells to realistically match GaAs in terms of power conversion efficiency. A strain-balance technique is presented, surmounting the limitations imposed by strain and is applied to a 5% InGaAs virtual substrate GaAs/InGaAs structure and a GaAs substrate GaAsP/InGaAs structure. An equivalent power conversion efficiency to GaAs is demonstrated for the GaAsP/InGaAs cell. The scope for further improvement of the GaAsP/InGaAs cell is discussed, with particular reference to light trapping. (author)Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN035941 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Interannual Variation and Control Factors of Soil Respiration in Xeric Shrubland and Agricultural Sites from the Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico

Arid and semi-arid ecosystems dominate the RS variability due to the multiple changing factors that control it. Consequently, any variation, in addition to climate change and land use change, impacts the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Here, the effect of the interannual variation and the controlling factors of RS in native xeric shrublands and agricultural systems is investigated. This study was conducted in four sites per condition for two years (2019 to 2020), where RS and the soil properties were measured. The RS presented a higher variation in the xeric shrubland. The agricultural plots showed the highest RS (0.33 g CO2 m−2 hr−1) compared to the xeric shrubland (0.12 g CO2 m−2 hr−1). The soil water content was the main controlling variable for RS in both land uses. However, soil temperature affected RS only in agricultural plots. The variation in the RS under different land uses confirms that changes in the soil and environmental conditions (i.e., season) control the RS. In addition, if current management practices are maintained in agricultural sites and under a temperature increase scenario, a significant increase in the RS rate is expected

Information and regulation in decentralized marketplaces for P2P-Grids

Large scale systems such as the Grid need scalable and efficient resource allocation mechanisms to fulfil the requirements of its participants and applications while the whole system is regulated to work efficiently. Economics inspired models have shown ability to handle efficiently the allocation of resources and services, scaling up well as they are decentralized. Our model considers the arbitration of decisions at the local scope and short term, the regulation of the system at global scope, and the sharing of information between global and local environments. This paper presents a scalable model and evaluates by simulation a system where global market information circulates in aggregated and scalable form, the rate of demand by participants is globally regulated by a currency mechanism, preference is regulated by a reputation mechanism, and local regulation among competing participants is resolved by auction mechanisms. The paper shows how scalable systems benefit from distributed marketplaces supporting global information flow to regulate and optimize local and global behavior.Peer Reviewe