Gene alterations at Drosophila inversion breakpoints provide prima facie evidence for natural selection as an explanation for rapid chromosomal evolution

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chromosomal inversions have been pervasive during the evolution of the genus Drosophila, but there is significant variation between lineages in the rate of rearrangement fixation. <it>D. mojavensis</it>, an ecological specialist adapted to a cactophilic niche under extreme desert conditions, is a chromosomally derived species with ten fixed inversions, five of them not present in any other species.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In order to explore the causes of the rapid chromosomal evolution in <it>D. mojavensis</it>, we identified and characterized all breakpoints of seven inversions fixed in chromosome 2, the most dynamic one. One of the inversions presents unequivocal evidence for its generation by ectopic recombination between transposon copies and another two harbor inverted duplications of non-repetitive DNA at the two breakpoints and were likely generated by staggered single-strand breaks and repair by non-homologous end joining. Four out of 14 breakpoints lay in the intergenic region between preexisting duplicated genes, suggesting an adaptive advantage of separating previously tightly linked duplicates. Four out of 14 breakpoints are associated with transposed genes, suggesting these breakpoints are fragile regions. Finally two inversions contain novel genes at their breakpoints and another three show alterations of genes at breakpoints with potential adaptive significance.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p><it>D. mojavensis </it>chromosomal inversions were generated by multiple mechanisms, an observation that does not provide support for increased mutation rate as explanation for rapid chromosomal evolution. On the other hand, we have found a number of gene alterations at the breakpoints with putative adaptive consequences that directly point to natural selection as the cause of <it>D. mojavensis </it>rapid chromosomal evolution.</p

Relación entre la vía de transducción de señales ERK5 y la vía glutaminolítica en cáncer

[ES]Las proteínas quinasas juegan un papel clave en diversas funciones celulares. En células eucariotas intervienen en la respuesta frente a estímulos exteriores (Hanks et al., 1988). Mediante la modificación (activación) de su sustrato, desempeñan un papel esencial en vías de señalización, al transducir, amplificar e integrar señales involucradas en procesos como el ciclo celular, la apoptosis, la transcripción y el metabolismo (entre otros) (Kostich et al., 2002; Manning et al., 2002)

Incidencia de los Factores Sociofamiliares en el Embarazo Adolescente. Hospital Regional III Honorio Delgado Espinoza, Arequipa - 2018

Objetivo: analizar los factores sociofamiliares que inciden en el embarazo adolescente del Hospital III Regional Honorio Delgado Espinoza de Arequipa. Materiales y Métodos: se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo y correlacional; se utilizó la técnica de la entrevista y como instrumento el cuestionario aplicado a las adolescentes gestantes. Resultados: se halló que existe inadecuadas relaciones familiares (60.4%) que a su vez generan conflictos familiares, conllevando a que las adolescentes tengan limitada comunicación con sus padres exponiéndose a factores de riesgo que concluyen en un embarazo precoz; este aspecto poco asumido por los padres de familia en la sociedad contemporánea donde los adolescentes necesitan de habilidades sociales para la realización personal como parte de su desarrollo biopsicosocial alcanzando una vida plena con bienestar y calidad. Conclusión: los diversos factores sociofamiliares identificados (inadecuadas relaciones familiares, conflictos familiares, limitada comunicación, deficiente educación sexual) inciden en el embarazado adolescente. Palabras Claves: Embarazo en adolescentes, factores sociofamiliares, trabajo social.Tesi

A novel approach to the synthesis of N-substituted 1-C-aminomethyl glycofuranosides

Reductive amination of formyl C-glycofuranosides, easily available from hexose-derived equatorial-2-OH-glycopyranosides by DAST-promoted ring contraction, afforded N-substituted 1-C-aminomethyl glycofuranosides in most cases in high yield.European Commission, Directorate General for Science and Development FP6-508430Junta de Andalucía FQM14

Study of the Cluster Thinning Grape as a Source of Phenolic Compounds and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Potential

Thinning is a common viticulture practice in warm climates, and it is applied to increase the quality of the harvest. Thinning clusters are usually discarded, and they are considered another oenological industry waste. To valorize this by-product, the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of three red varieties (Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Syrah), thinned at three different times between veraison and harvest, were studied: the first at the beginning of the veraison stage, in a low ripening stage; the second in an intermediate ripening stage; and, finally, the third sampling in the highest ripening stage. These by-products showed high values of total phenolic contents (10.66-11.75 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), which is of the same order as or even higher than that found in grape pomace. In thinned grape were identified 24 phenolic compounds, being the flavan-3-ols (catechin and epicatechin) of particular interest, with mean contents ranging from 105.1 to 516.4 mg/kg of thinned grape. Antioxidant activity similar to that of the vintage grape was found. It is concluded that thinned grape is a good source of phenolic compounds. Its content does not depend mainly on the grape variety; however, it has been possible to establish differences based on the maturity stage of the thinning grapes: the intermediate ripeness stage, with a Brix degree in the range of 15-16 for this area, would be the optimum collection time for cluster thinning. In this intermediate ripeness stage, thinning grapes present a higher antioxidant activity and there is also appreciable anthocyanin content, which is not found for the lowest ripeness stage, since these samples present an intermediate composition in all the families of determined phenolic compounds: anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, cinnamic acids, and benzoic acids. It is important to note that the experiments in this study have been carried out with whole tinned grapes, without separating the skin or the seeds.This research was funded by Excellence Project of Consejeria de Innovacion, Ciencia y Empresa of the Junta de Andalucia (AGR6874)

Easy Access to Configurationally Controlled C-Glycofuranoside-Based Building Blocks by Means of Formyl C-Glycofuranosides

A general approach to enantiopure C-glycofuranoside-based hybridα/β-amino acids and nitrones, among other valuable building blocks, has been established via formyl C-glycofuranosides, easily available from hexose-derived equatorial-2-OH-glycopyranosides by DAST-promoted ring contraction. © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York.European Commission. Directorate General for Science and Development FP6-508430Junta de Andalucía FQM14

Fatty Acid and Tocopherol Composition of Pomace and Seed Oil from Five Grape Varieties Southern Spain

Grape pomace and seeds are important winemaking by-products. Their oils are rich in bioactive compounds such as fatty acids and tocopherols. We have characterized oils from both by-products from five Spanish grape varieties (Palomino Fino, Pedro Ximenez, Muscat of Alexandria, Tempranillo and Tintilla de Rota). A high content of UFAs was found in all the analyzed samples. Grape pomace oils generally had the same oleic acid (PUFA(omega-6)) content as seed oils, and lower PUFA contents; they also had a markedly higher linolenic acid (PUFA(omega-3)) content, improving the PUFA(omega-6)/PUFA(omega-3) ratio. All the oil studied show good indicators of nutritional quality: low values of the atherogenicity (0.112-0.157 for pomace, 0.097-0.112 for seed) and thrombogenicity indices (0.30-0.35 for pomace, 0.28-0.31 for seed) and high values of the relationship between hypo- and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (6.93-9.45 for pomace, 9.11-10.54 for seed). Three tocopherols were determined: alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol. Pomace oils have higher relative contents of alpha- and delta-tocopherol, whereas seed oils have higher relative contents of gamma-tocopherol. A significantly higher content of total tocopherols has been found in pomace oil; it is higher in the oils from red varieties of pomace (628.2 and 706.6 mg/kg by-product), and in the oils from pomace containing stems (1686.4 mg/kg by-product). All the oils obtained can be considered as a source of vitamin E, and their consumption is beneficial for health

Sistema de Salud en Guatemala y Trabajo Social en el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19

Las autoras de este artículo inicialmente presentan una descripción del sistema de salud en Guatemalay datos que reflejan el bajo nivel de inversión pública en salud, comparado con otros países de Centro América.Asimismo, como presentan las características generales e indicadores del perfil epidemiológico a nivel nacional.El artículo presenta además un análisis del sistema de salud frente a la crisis sanitaria Covid-19 queafronta Guatemala, retomando algunas disposiciones gubernamentales que afectan a las instituciones del áreade salud, personal y población que demanda los servicios.En la segunda parte de este artículo las autoras describen los niveles de atención en salud en dondeintervienen los profesionales de Trabajo Social en Guatemala y continúan con una narración del trabajo querealizan en un Centro de Salud del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social y un Hospital del Instituto deSeguridad Social donde laboran actualmente.En la parte final de este artículo se pone de manifiesto algunos desafíos, problemas y limitantesencontradas desde el quehacer profesional de Trabajo Social y la reflexión final que presenta algunas accionesnecesarias para el desempeño profesional en el área de salud

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Two Bartonella bacilliformis Strains

Bartonella bacilliformis is the causative agent of Carrion's disease, a highly endemic human bartonellosis in Peru. We performed a whole-genome assembly of two B. bacilliformis strains isolated from the blood of infected patients in the acute phase of Carrion's disease from the Cusco and Piura regions in Peru