EVALUATING SEMANTIC ANALYSIS METHODS FOR SHORT ANSWER GRADING USING LINEAR REGRESSION

The assessment of free-text answers may demand significant human effort, especially in scenarios with many students. This paper focuses on the automatic grading of short answer written in Portuguese language using techniques of natural language processing and semantic analysis. A previous study found that a similarity scoring model might be more suitable to a question type than to another. In this study, we combine latent semantic analysis (LSA) and a WordNet path-based similarity method using linear regression to predict scores for 76 short answers to three questions written by high school students. The predicted scores compared well to human scores and the use of combined similarity scores showed an improvement in overall results in relation to a previous study on the same corpus. The presented approach may be used to support the automatic grading of short answer using supervised machine learning to weight different similarity scoring models. &nbsp

PARTICIPAÇÃO SOCIAL EM CONSELHOS GESTORES DO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS: NOVOS RUMOS PARA A GESTÃO EDUCACIONAL E AMBIENTAL

Os conselhos gestores estão presentes em organizações públicas e privadas e desempenham papel fundamental nas decisões, no processo de transparência e controle social. Este trabalho analisou a efetividade da participação dos representantes do seguimento social no Conselho Superior de Gestão, CONSUP, do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins e no Conselho Municipal de Meio Ambiente da capital do referido Estado. As analises estão centradas na investigação detalhada dos índices de presenças e interlocuções de cada seguimento representativo, conjugado ao estudo das leis, regimentos e práticas que regem cada colegiado. Os resultados asseguram que a forma de ingresso dos representantes sociais influencia sobre maneira o engajamento destes junto aos colegiados e evidencia também a necessidade de adequações regimentais e legais que possam implementar a maior participação social

The role of genetics in alcohol dependence

In this article we examined the heritability of alcohol dependence. A review of family, twin and adoption studies, allowed us to support the thesis of an important genetic component in this dependence. The transmission of this heritability occurs through a biological vulnerability associated to environmental factors, in a model called epigenetic. We also discussed the relationship between biological vulnerability and high-risk phenotypes for alcohol dependence. In the end, we briefly comment on the molecular genetic studies associated with this disorder.Este artigo procura examinar a questão da herdabilidade na dependência do álcool. Através da revisão de estudos em famílias, em gêmeos e de adoção, encontramos evidências para afirmar a importância dos fatores genéticos na transmissão da vulnerabilidade a esta dependência. Essa transmissão pode ser melhor compreendida através de um modelo epigenético de desenvolvimento do transtorno, no qual condições biológicas hereditárias associem-se a situações ambientais ao longo da vida para a produção da dependência. Neste artigo, apresentamos essas condições biológicas intermediárias vinculadas ao alto risco para dependência do álcool. Por fim, descrevemos os estudos moleculares que vêm estabelecendo associações entre polimorfismos e a dependência do álcool, com relevo para o sistema dopaminérgico.UNIFESP Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e DrogasFMUSP HC Instituto de PsiquiatriaUNIFESP, Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e DrogasSciEL

Estudo retrospectivo da fenestração toracolombar ventral através de toracotomia intercostal e laparotomia paracostal no cão

The records of 29 dogs, grouped according to breed, sex, age and neurological status, as well as duration of symptoms, T-L disks involved, time elapsed for functional recovery, and success rates were studied. The Dachshund represented 55.18% (n = 16) of the cases, mongrel dogs, 13.8% (n = 4), Poodle, Basset Hound and English Cocker Spaniel, 6.89% each (n = 6) and German Shepherd, Beagle and Pinscher, 3.45% each (n = 3), being 51.72% males and 48.28%, females, with a mean age of 68.03 months. The neurological status corresponded to 13.8% of the dogs belonging to GI (pain), 41.8% to GII (paresis), 27.6% to GIII (paraplegia, with positive deep pain) and 17.2% to GIV (paraplegia with loss of deep pain). Symptoms varied in duration between two and 60 days, corresponding the averages of 18.5 days (GI), 12.3 days (GII), 8.28 days (GIII) and 4.2 days (GIV). Percentage of affected disks was: T10/11 (10.81%), T11/12 (24.33%), T12/13 (40.55%), T13/L1 (16.21%) and L1/2, L2/3 and L3/4, 2.7% each. Mean time of recovery, in days, was: 16 (GI), 19.1 (GII), 20.6 (GIII) and 30.6 (GIV), when 100% of dogs in groups I, II and III recovered both neurological and motor functions. Group IV showed 80% of success. It is concluded that ventral fenestration yields excellent results, although proper case selection must be considered.Foram analisados os resultados da fenestração ventral dos discos toracolombares em 29 cães agrupados segundo a raça, sexo, peso, idade, graus de déficits neurológicos, duração dos sinais, discos intervertebrais envolvidos, tempo para recuperação e porcentagem de sucesso. A raça Dachshund representou 55,18% (n = 16), cães sem raça definida, 13,8% (n = 4), Poodle e Basset Hound e Cocker Spaniel Inglês 6,89% cada (n = 6), e Pastor Alemão, Beagle e Pinscher, 3,45% cada (n = 3), sendo 51,72%, machos e 48,28%, fêmeas, com idade média de 68,03 meses. O grau de déficits neurológicos correspondeu a: 13,8% dos cães pertencentes ao GI (dor), 41,8% ao GII (paresia), 27,6% ao GIII (paraplegia com dor profunda presente) e 17,2% ao GIV (paraplegia com dor profunda ausente). Os sinais clínicos variaram em duração entre 2 e 60 dias, correspondendo às médias de 18,5 (GI), 12,3 (GII), 8,28 (GIII) e 4,2 dias (GIV). A porcentagem de discos intervertebrais acometidos foi: T10/11 (10,81%), T11/12 (24,33%), T12/13 (40,55%), T13/L1 (16,21%) e L1/2, L2/3 e L3/4, 2,7% cada. O tempo médio de recuperação, em dias, foi: 16 (GI), 19,1 (GII), 20,6 (GIII) e 30,6 (GIV), onde 100% dos animais dos grupos I, II e III recuperaram ambas as funções neurológicas e motoras. O grupo IV apresentou 80% de sucesso. Conclui-se que a fenestração ventral produz excelentes resultados pós-operatórios desde que bem selecionados os casos

The inclusion of the digital sequence information (DSI) in the scope of the Nagoya Protocol and its consequences

The Nagoya Protocol, a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), was drafted considering the classical model of biopiracy based on the appropriation of physical samples. However, with the development of new technologies of DNA and RNA sequencing, scientists are no longer using just tangible samples on their research. Instead, they are accessing genetic resources in a digital format, the Digital Sequence Information (DSI). Mainly based on the studies requested by the Conference of the Parties to the CBD, in its thirteenth and fourteenth meetings, this article aims at examining the challenges that the ABS system will have to face in case DSI is considered a genetic resource under the Nagoya Protocol. This article concludes that the emergence of new forms of accessing the genetic resources does not undermine the role of the ABS regime, which should walk alongside the advances of technology to guarantee distributive justice

FAMÍLIAS TRABALHADORAS E FAMÍLIAS SEM TRABALHO: EVIDÊNCIAS DE POLARIZAÇÃO PARA O BRASIL

This article analyzes the work polarization in Brazil. We can define polarization as the difference between the observed ratio of workless households and the ratio that would prevailed if the work was randomly assigned to people. For example, imagine a simplified world with only two households with two members each, and that there is two people working in the economy. The well-being is very different if just one member of each family is working, or if the two workers belong to the same family. Gregg and Wadsworth (2002) propose some polarization measures, which we calculate for Brazil, using the data from Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) for 1981 and 2003. The results show that polarization is negative in Brazil. In other words there is fewer workless households than would occur from a random distribution of work among adults. On the other hand, the polarization has increased in the period, as result of the increase in the fraction of two adult workless households. Moreover, the workless households are poorer, have more child labor and are more dependent of governmental policies than the others.

Posttraumatic biloma formation - Diagnosis and management

A 25-year-old male patient sustained complex blunt hepatic trauma after abdominal crush injury by an object heavier than 100 kg. He had liver laceration, pulmonary contusion and hemothorax. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, followed by urgent hepatorrhaphy. After 3 weeks, the patient presented with sharp pain and discomfort in the upper right quadrant and abdominal distension associated with intense nausea. An abdominal ultrasound (US) demonstrated voluminous liver cyst formation. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed and showed voluminous intrahepatic loculated fluid collection (Figure 1). Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was then performed (Figure 2) to exclude cystic lesion and to establish the actual location of the lesion; it demonstrated extra- and intrahepatic biliary tree injury (Figure 3). Abdominal drainage of the collection was performed by ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage, collecting about 1,500 mL of bile, and confirmed the diagnosis of biloma. The procedure had no complications, and the patient was discharged with an abdominal tube draining biliary secretion, which was removed after 3 weeks. After two months, follow-up CT demonstrated the resolution of the case. The patient was then followed every two months for the following six months after the drainage procedure, with tomographic studies demonstrating no new biliary leak. Hence, he was finally discharged in good medical condition.Keywords: Biloma; biliary leak; liver traum

POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS TRIBUTÁRIAS ANTICÍCLICAS: ANÁLISE DO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO NA CRISE DECORRENTE DA COVID-19

Objetivo: o presente artigo tem o objetivo de expor perspectivas quanto à função da tributação utilizada por políticas públicas para o enfrentamento de crises estruturais, tal como a originada pela pandemia da COVID-19, além de traçar um breve panorama de como, no Brasil, os três poderes têm atuado na esfera tributária em relação à crise, em esfera federal, estadual e municipal.Metodologia: Para tanto, a primeira parte do artigo foca em algumas colocações doutrinárias acerca do papel da tributação nas crises, com especial colaboração das ideias de Políticas Fiscais Anticíclicas de Keynes, enquanto a segunda parte apresenta um levantamento normativo das medidas tributárias adotadas no Brasil relativas à crise, além de considerações acerca do papel adotado pelo Judiciário, a partir de levantamento jurisprudencial.Resultados: Com a metodologia aplicada, pôde verificar-se como vêm sendo aplicadas na prática as ideias referentes às normas tributárias com função extrafiscal e simplificadora, bem como o modo pelo qual vem se comportando o Judiciário ao analisar os pleitos formulados pelos contribuintes relacionados à tributação na pandemia.Contribuição: Assim, pretende-se contribuir para o debate acerca das medidas que envolvam, em maior ou menor medida, a postura estatal no tocante à exigência de tributos no cenário de crise decorrente da atual pandemia.Palavras-chave: Política Fiscal Anticíclica Keynesiana; COVID-19; Tributação no Brasil. ABSTRACTObjectives: this article aims to expose perspectives regarding the function of taxation utilized by public policies towards the confrontation of structural crisis, such as the one generated by COVID-19 pandemic, besides outlining a brief overview of how, in Brazil, the three branches have acted in taxation regards during the crisis, federal, state and municipal-wise.Methodology: to do it, the article’s first part focus on a few doctrinal contributions regarding the role of taxation in crisis, with special collaboration of the ideas of Keynes about Countercyclical Fiscal Policies, while the second part presents some norms concerning crisis-related fiscal measures adopted in Brazil and a few considerations about the role adopted by Judiciary, from a jurisprudential research.Results: by applying such methodology, it could be verified how, in practice, the ideas regarding fiscal norms with extrafiscal and simplifier functions have been applied, and the way the Judiciary has been analyzing the demands made by taxpayers concerning pandemics taxation.Contribution: Therefore, it is intended to contribute to the debate about the measures regarding, in greater or lesser measure, the state’s position on tax collecting during the crisis generated from the current pandemic.Keywords: Keynesian Countercyclical Fiscal Policies; COVID-19; Taxation in Brazil