Economic Evaluation of Eight Regional Scenarios for the Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use and Storage in Southern and Eastern Europe to 2050

During the three-year EU-funded STRATEGY CCUS project [1] [3] (2019-2022), Carbon Capture, Use and Storage (CCUS) scenarios formulated for eight regions in Southern and Eastern Europe were developed and economically evaluated up to 2050. These regional CCUS scenarios are based on both the performances of local industries in operation and for which CCUS is a relevant mitigation alternative, as well as the regional storage capacities known to date. The eight CCUS regional scenarios are in: 1) Paris basin and 2) Rhône Valley in France, 3) Ebro basin in Spain, 4) Lusitanian basin in Portugal, 5) Northern Croatia, 6) Upper Silesia in Poland, 7) West Macedonian area in Greece and 8) Galati area in Romania. They cover an extensive and original portfolio of possible CCUS business models. While some scenarios assume that the captured CO2 is used for synthetic methane or chemical production, in most cases the captured CO2 is sent to CO2 storage facilities. The biogenic CO2 captured is monitored and its storage time in new uses watched. The economic evaluation considers the negative CO2 emissions resulting from the long-term storage or use of captured biogenic CO2. This paper compares the economic Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of these eight CCUS business cases with the carbon penalties that would have been charged to the same industries to remain in compliance with the European Union - Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The calculated KPIs mainly reflect the costs and revenues expressed in euros per ton of CO2 avoided or removed for the whole regional scenario until 2050

A techno-economic Analysis Tool for Regional CO2 Capture, Transport, Use and Storage Scenarios

Carbon capture from industrial, high concentration CO2 sources, combined with CO2 transport, utilization and storage (CCUS) is a way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. CCUS will play an important role in our transition into, and, also beyond the green shift, as CCUS both significantly reduces emissions from industrial processes and offsets emissions from hard-to-remove sectors – leading to the global net-zero society. We study here how the deployment of CCUS networks and commonly shared infrastructure could be evaluated using a dedicated techno-economic analysis tool presented here. A scenario-approach was taken in the development of CCUS network to decarbonize industrialized regions. In this context, a scenario is defined as a planned deployment of capture, transport, utilization and storage units – each at a given location and at given time between now and 2050. The Excel-based tool presented in this paper, allows for both the design and technical-economic analysis at regional scale. It allowed to define scenarios in a time-dependent spatial network connecting capture points to CO2utilization factories and storage locations via transport by pipelines, or via trains, trucks, or vessels/barges. To set up different scenarios, and to ensure both their internal consistency and comparability with each other, a dedicated tool was developed in the STRATEGY CCUS project funded though EU Horizon 2020 program (grant agreement No 837754). The tool use common input variables shared between different modules of the tool and scenarios which enables comparison between decarbonization of different regions. The tool aims to provide more realistic, and comparable estimates for future energy and material use, emissions avoided and negative emissions, revenues created by downstream industries, broken down in discounted and un-discounted costs per ton of CO2 avoided. The tool allows for future cost reductions due to technology maturation, economy of scale and learning, as well as inflation and energy price outlooks. This paper describes in more detail the structure of the tool, how it was used, and the lessons learned from its development. Basically, the tool underwent two development stages: The first when the internal logic was developed and the tool itself was put together, and secondly, when eight regional European teams used the tool, its quality and internal consistency significantly improved. Feedback and constructive criticism by users were paramount in the development of the tool

Modification of streaming potential by precipitation of calcite in a sand-water system: laboratory measurements pH range from 4 to 12

Spontaneous Potentials associated with volcanic activity are often interpreted by means of the electrokinetic potential, which is usually positive in the flow direction (i.e. Zeta potential of the rock is negative). The water-rock interactions in hydrothermal zones alter the primary minerals leading to the formation of secondary minerals. This work addresses the study of calcite precipitation in a sand composed of 98% quartz and 2% calcite using streaming potential measurements. The precipitation of calcite as a secondary mineral phase, inferred by high calcite saturation indices and by a fall in permeability, has a significant effect on the electrokinetic behaviour, leading to a significant reduction in the Zeta potential (in absolute value) and even a change in sign. The measured decrease in Zeta potential from -16 mV to -27±4 mV takes place as the pH rises from 4 to 7, while it remains constant at -25±1 mV as the pH increases from 8 to 10.5. For pH higher than 10.5, calcite precipitates and is expected to coat the quartz surface. The measured Zeta potential vary from -17 to +8 mV for pH ranging from 10.6 to 11.7 depending on the amount of precipitated calcite indicated by the decrease in permeability. The observed change in sign of the electrical surface potential rules out the usual qualitative interpretation of SP anomalies in order to determine fluid circulations, even at pH lower than 9 if calcite is widely present as a secondary mineral phase, since the electrical surface potential of calcite depends also on CO2 partial pressure and [Ca2+]. Therefore SP anomalies as measured in hydrothermal field, without mineralogical analyses of hydrothermal deposits, and without geochemical fluid survey, should be interpreted with caution.Comment: The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com; We acknowledge the Geophysical Journal International, the Royal Astronomical Society and Blackwell Publishing. Full bibliographic reference is : Guichet, X., L. Jouniaux, and N. Catel, Modification of streaming potential by precipitation of calcite in a sand-water system: laboratory measurements in the pH range from 4 to 12, Geophysical Journal International, 166, 445-460, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02922.x, 200

Vuorovaikutteisen suunnittelun haasteet ja mahdollisuudet metsätalouden vesiensuojelussa

Rapport de l'expertise scientifique collectiveLes animaux peuvent-ils éprouver des émotions, peuvent-ils penser, ont-ils une histoire de vie ? Depuis l’Antiquité, les philosophes ont proposé des réponses contrastées à ces questions. Du XIXème siècle à nos jours, la réflexion sur ce que sont les animaux s’est enrichie d’apports scientifiques : théorie de l’évolution, éthologie, neurophysiologie, sciences cognitives. Mais la conscience animale reste toujours l’objet de débats importants dans la communauté scientifique. Ainsi en 2012 un groupe de scientifiques de premier plan a éprouvé la nécessité de publier un manifeste intitulé « Déclaration de Cambridge sur la Conscience », qui énonce qu’«…une convergence de preuves indique que les animaux non humains disposent des substrats neuro-anatomiques, neurochimiques et neurophysiologiques des états conscients ainsi que la capacité d’exprimer des comportements intentionnels...».Les connaissances actuelles, dont cette expertise collective propose une synthèse, montrent que les animaux possèdent un large éventail de capacités cognitives associées à des comportements plus ou moins complexes. Les formes de conscience étudiées chez les humains supposent des capacités cognitives distinctes que l’on retrouve chez certains animaux. Peut-on en postuler que ceux-ci ont des formes de consciences équivalentes à celles de l’homme, sans être forcément identiques ?L’étude des niveaux et des contenus de la conscience chez les animaux est en passe de devenir un enjeu scientifique important en raison de la complexité du sujet et des controverses qu’il ne manquera pas de susciter. Enfin, les acquis scientifiques dans ce domaine invitent à reprendre les réflexions morales concernant les relations que les hommes entretiennent avec les animaux (et particulièrement avec les animaux domestiques

Etude expérimentale des propriétés électriques des roches; potentiels d'électrofiltration, suivi des mouvements de fluides en zones hydrothermales

electrokinetics in rocksDans ce mémoire sont présentés des résultats expérimentaux des phénomènes d'électrofiltration pour des conditions physico-chimiques représentatives de systèmes naturels, ainsi qu'une comparaison des mesures de laboratoire avec des mesures de polarisation spontanée (PS) effectuées sur le terrain. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que : a) la circulation d'un fluide en condictions diphasiques n'augmente pas le coefficient d'électrofiltration [Guichet et al., J.G.R., 2003] comme cela a été longtemps suspecté, b) la présence de minéraux néoformés (calcite et hydroxydes d'aluminium) peut masquer les propriétés électriques de la roche sur laquelle ils précipitent. Ainsi une inversion du signe du coefficient de couplage électrocinétique est observée avec les deux minéralogies secondaires étudiées [Guichet and Zuddas, G.R.L., 2003], rendant inexacte l'interprétation qualitative habituelle des mesures PS. Des mesures de coefficients de couplage PS mesurés sur le terrain, et des analyses géochimiques de fluides ont été regroupées, et comparées à l'ensemble des données de laboratoire. L'ordre de grandeur des mesures de terrain coïncide avec l'ordre de grandeur de mesures de laboratoire, lorsque les mesures PS sont faites à proximité de sources. Sinon plusieurs hypothèses, reflétant souvent des modèles géologiques très différents, peuvent être avancées pour imputer l'origine du signal PS à des circulations de fluides ayant été échantillonnées régionalement. Finalement un suivi géochimique des fluides est indispensable pour interpréter correctement les données d'électrofiltration.Enfin nous avons suivi l'électrofiltration lors de précipitation de calcite, dans la gamme de pH 4 à 12 et montré que l'électrofiltration change de signe sous certaines conditions, et interprété ces mesures par une modélisation de la triple-couche électrique [Guichet et al., G. J. I., 2006]

Étude expérimentale des propriétés électriques des roches ( potentiels d'électrofiltration, suivi des mouvements de fluides en zones hydrothermales)

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Fluid Flow Modeling in the Llanos Basin, Colombia

International audienc

Streaming potential of a sand column in partial saturations conditions

p.2141The understanding of the streaming potential in partial water saturation conditions in porous media is of great interest for the interpretation of spontaneous polarization observations. We built a device which allows us to quantify the streaming potential at various saturation conditions using a sand column of 1-m height and 8-cm diameter. This is the first time that such a quantification has been performed. Different gases such as argon, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide are injected into the sand to decrease its water saturation, and to make the fluid flow within the sand. The measured electrokinetic coupling coefficient in partial saturation is either constant or decreases by a factor 3 with decreasing water saturation from 100 to 40%, whereas the sand electrical resistivity is enhanced by a factor of 5

Sedimentology and diagenetic evolution of the Neogene ‘Intermediate Sandstone Unit’ in the halite deposits of the Granada Basin (SE Spain): the turning point in the change from marine to continental sedimentation

International audienceThe Granada Basin is a small (50 × 50 km) Neogene intramontane basin located in the central part of the Betic Cordillera (Spain). In the latest Tortonian, the Granada Basin desiccated and a thick salt succession formed, encompassing three halite-bearing units: the ‘Lower Halite Unit’, the ‘Intermediate Sandstone Unit’ (ISU), and the ‘Upper Halite Unit’ (UHU). ISU deposits record the onset of marine to non-marine conditions in the Granada Basin. The main purpose of this paper is to study the environment of formation and the diagenetic evolution of the ISU salt-bearing unit, in order to assess the events leading to and resulting from the continentalization of this basin in the late Miocene. This study includes visual core descriptions, petrographic (conventional petrography and scanning electron microscopy), and geochemical (δ34S and δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr) analyses. ISU deposition took place in a coastal lake, isolated from the open sea by a sand barrier. Lake evolution was from a very shallow, hypersaline lacustrine environment to a deeper, perennial lake undergoing frequent storm-induced marine flooding and, finally, to a shallower, perennial saline lake. Isotope analyses point to a mixture of different inflow waters, including marine- and underground (hydrothermal)-water inputs for the origin of the brines. Halite dissolution occurred after flooding events and clear-halite cement was precipitated inside primary-halite dissolution cavities. Early diagenesis involves halite re-crystallisation during repetitive, dissolution–precipitation cycles, gypsum replacement by halite, halite replacement by nodular anhydrite, and framboid pyrite formation. Intermediate- to late-diagenetic processes are silica (megaquartz, chalcedony, and lutecite) replacement of halite and anhydrite, and celestine replacement. Megaquartz formation relates to sulfate-depleted, UHU percolating brines. Chalcedony and lutecite crystallization took place sometime later from sulfate-rich percolating brines, during deposition of the gypsum sequence occurring on top of the salt. Celestine, replacing lutecite, resulted from the interaction with Sr-rich underground waters (via dissolution of previously formed celestine)