Homological finiteness conditions for groups, monoids and algebras

Recently Alonso and Hermiller introduced a homological finiteness condition\break $bi{-}FP_n$ (here called {\it weak} $bi{-}FP_n$) for monoid rings, and Kobayashi and Otto introduced a different property, also called $bi{-}FP_n$ (we adhere to their terminology). From these and other papers we know that: $bi{-}FP_n \Rightarrow$ left and right $FP_n \Rightarrow$ weak $bi{-}FP_n$; the first implication is not reversible in general; the second implication is reversible for group rings. We show that the second implication is reversible in general, even for arbitrary associative algebras (Theorem 1'), and we show that the first implication {\it is} reversible for group rings (Theorem 2). We also show that the all four properties are equivalent for connected graded algebras (Theorem 4). A result on retractions (Theorem 3') is proved, and some questions are raised.Comment: 10 page

Environmental effects on composites for aircraft

The influence of the operational environment on the behavior of composite materials and aircraft components fabricated with these composite materials was considered. Structural weight savings, manufacturing cost savings, and long-term environmental durability are among the factors examined. The flight service experience to date of composite components is evaluated. In addition, the influence of a number of worldwide, ground based outdoor exposures on the physical and mechanical properties of six composite materials is discussed. In particular, the current extent of the ultraviolet surface degradation and the moisture gained by diffusion is shown

Large-scale fiber release and equipment exposure experiments

Outdoor tests were conducted to determine the amount of fiber released in a full scale fire and trace its dissemination away from the fire. Equipment vulnerability to fire released fibers was assessed through shock tests. The greatest fiber release was observed in the shock tube where the composite was burned with a continuous agitation to total consumption. The largest average fiber length obtained outdoors was 5 mm

Incidental or influential? – A decade of using text-mining for citation function classification.

This work looks in depth at several studies that have attempted to automate the process of citation importance classification based on the publications’ full text. We offer a comparison of their individual similarities, strengths and weaknesses. We analyse a range of features that have been previously used in this task. Our experimental results confirm that the number of in-text references are highly predictive of influence. Contrary to the work of Valenzuela et al. (2015), we find abstract similarity one of the most predictive features. Overall, we show that many of the features previously described in literature have been either reported as not particularly predictive, cannot be reproduced based on their existing descriptions or should not be used due to their reliance on external changing evidence. Additionally, we find significant variance in the results provided by the PDF extraction tools used in the pre-processing stages of citation extraction. This has a direct and significant impact on the classification features that rely on this extraction process. Consequently, we discuss challenges and potential improvements in the classification pipeline, provide a critical review of the performance of individual features and address the importance of constructing a large-scale gold-standard reference dataset

Carbon fiber counting

A method was developed for characterizing the number and lengths of carbon fibers accidentally released by the burning of composite portions of civil aircraft structure in a jet fuel fire after an accident. Representative samplings of carbon fibers collected on transparent sticky film were counted from photographic enlargements with a computer aided technique which also provided fiber lengths

Carbon Fibers and Composites

The basic nature of composite materials is considered. Carbon fiber composites and their area of current and planned application in civil aircraft are discussed, specifically within the framework of the various aspects of risk analysis

End-to-end testing

The principle objective of the kinds of demonstration tests that are discussed is to try to verify whether or not carbon fibers that are released by burning composite parts in an aircraft-fuel fires can produce failures in electrical equipment. A secondary objective discussed is to experimentally validate the analytical models for some of the key elements in the risk analysis. The approach to this demonstration testing is twofold: limited end-to-end test are to be conducted in a shock tube; and planning for some large outdoor burn tests is being done

CID-720 aircraft Langley Research Center preflight hardware tests: Development, flight acceptance and qualification

The testing conducted on LaRC-developed hardware for the controlled impact demonstration transport aircraft is discussed. To properly develop flight qualified crash systems, two environments were considered: the aircraft flight environment with the focus on vibration and temperature effects, and the crash environment with the long pulse shock effects. Also with the large quantity of fuel in the wing tanks the possibility of fire was considered to be a threat to data retrieval and thus fire tests were included in the development test process. The aircraft test successfully demonstrated the performance of the LaRC developed heat shields. Good telemetered data (S-band) was received during the impact and slide-out phase, and even after the aircraft came to rest. The two onboard DAS tape recorders were protected from the intense fire and high quality tape data was recovered. The complete photographic system performed as planned throughout the 40.0 sec of film supply. The four photo power distribution pallets remained in good condition and all ten onboard 16 mm high speed (400 frames/sec) cameras produced good film data