Determinación de pigmentos en orégano (Poliomintha bustamantaB. L. Turner.) en dos condiciones de crecimiento.

El “orégano de Nuevo León” Poliomintha bustamanta B. L Turner., es una de las especies de orégano más importantes del País, apreciado y comercializado, por su uso como condimento y para la producción de aceites esenciales. Se encuentra en forma silvestre en las regiones áridas y semiáridas, cuyos ambientes es recolectada para su aprovechamiento y poco se ha cuidado su manejo y recuperación natural, es necesario realizar investigaciones encaminadas a establecer cultivos comerciales de esta planta. El objetivo fue evaluar en espectrometría de luz visible el contenido de pigmentos de la hoja bajo dos condiciones de crecimiento. Se colectaron hojas de orégano de plantas silvestres en el municipio de Higueras, N.L., y de plántulas de invernadero. El orégano silvestre, mostró una mayor concentración de pigmentos que el de invernadero. Estos resultados muestran diferencia significativa (P<0.01) entre el origen del orégano y el estado de la muestra, observándose en las muestras secas de orégano silvestre el mayor contendido de clorofila total, clorofila a, carotenos totales y carotenos amarillos. Mientras que las muestras secas de orégano de invernadero presentaron el mayor contenido de carotenos rojos. El cultivo de Orégano en invernadero presenta una menor concentración de pigmentos que el orégano silvestre

Evaluación de métodos de extracción de prolina como indicador de osmoprotección en dos especies de la familia chenopodiaceae.

El aumento de sales en los suelos representa una notable amenaza para la supervivencia de las plantas, y repercute consecuentemente en los niveles agroalimentarios, disminuyendo la capacidad de producción y cosecha en los suelos agrícolas generando grandes pérdidas, tanto económicas, como biológicas considerando las áreas de cultivo. En la presente investigación se determinó mediante espectrofotometría de luz visible, el contenido de prolina libre en las hojas, tallos y raíces de Suaeda nigra y Atriplex canescens, especies de la familia Chenopodiaceae, extraída por diferentes métodos. Los valores promedio del contenido de este aminoácido para ambas especies van de 25.614 a 2.457 µmoles/mg para S. nigra y A. canescensrespectivamente. Los métodos de extracción no influyeron en el contenido de prolina de S. nigra, mientras que en A. canescens, cuando el extracto fue obtenido por el método de macerado más sonicado con dilución previa, los resultados son más altos y estadísticamente diferentes a los obtenidos cuando la muestra fue extraída únicamente por el método de sonicado y con dilución posterior

Efecto del estrés osmótico sobre el desarrollo in vitro de plántulas de albahaca Ocimum basilicum L.

Se prepararon medios de cultivo adicionados con Polietilenglicol (PEG) y solución salina (NaCl) correspondientes a los tratamientos de sequia (2%, 4% y 6% PEG 3350) y salinidad (25mM, 50mM y 75mM NaCl), en los cuales se colocaron semillas de albahaca previamente desinfectadas. Se colocaron en una Cámara Bioclimática (Lab-Line) bajo condiciones de 12 h luz y 27oC. A los 30 días de su siembra se evaluó el porcentaje de germinación, altura de plántula, longitud de raíz, número de hojas, tamaño de la hoja, peso fresco, peso seco y contenido de prolina libre como indicador de estrés. El porcentaje de germinación y el número de hojas no presentan diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos de sequía y salinidad. Mientras que en el resto de los parámetros, se presentó diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos. Evidenciando que las plántulas expuestas a deficiencias hídricas responden positivamente en su desarrollo a estas condiciones de estrés

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Comparison of international normalized ratio audit parameters in patients enrolled in GARFIELD-AF and treated with vitamin K antagonists

Vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) requires monitoring of the international normalized ratio (INR). We evaluated the agreement between two INR audit parameters, frequency in range (FIR) and proportion of time in the therapeutic range (TTR), using data from a global population of patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular AF, the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD\u2013Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF). Among 17\ua0168 patients with 1-year follow-up data available at the time of the analysis, 8445 received VKA therapy (\ub1antiplatelet therapy) at enrolment, and of these patients, 5066 with 653 INR readings and for whom both FIR and TTR could be calculated were included in the analysis. In total, 70\ua0905 INRs were analysed. At the patient level, TTR showed higher values than FIR (mean, 56\ub70% vs 49\ub78%; median, 59\ub77% vs 50\ub70%). Although patient-level FIR and TTR values were highly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient [95% confidence interval; CI], 0\ub7860 [0\ub7852\u20130\ub7867]), estimates from individuals showed widespread disagreement and variability (Lin's concordance coefficient [95% CI], 0\ub7829 [0\ub7821\u20130\ub7837]). The difference between FIR and TTR explained 17\ub74% of the total variability of measurements. These results suggest that FIR and TTR are not equivalent and cannot be used interchangeably

Gender differences and management of stroke risk of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in an upper middle-income country: Insights from the CARMEN-AF registry

Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke and systemic embolism. Several studies have suggested that female AF patients could have a greater risk for stroke. There is scarce information about clinical characteristics and use of antithrombotic therapies in Latin American patients with nonvalvular AF. Objective: To describe the gender differences in clinical characteristics, thromboembolic risk, and antithrombotic therapy of patients with nonvalvular AF recruited in Mexico, an upper middle-income country, into the prospective national CARMEN-AF Registry. Methods: A total of 1423 consecutive patients, with at least one thromboembolic risk factor were enrolled in CARMEN-AF Registry during a three-year period (2014–2017). They were categorized according to Gender. Results: Overall, 48.6% were women, mean age 70 ± 12 years. Diabetes, smoking, alcoholism, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, and obstructive sleep apnea were higher in men. Most women were found with paroxysmal AF (40.6%), and most men with permanent AF (44.0%). No gender differences were found in the use of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) (30.5% in women vs. 28.0% in men). No gender differences were found in the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) (33.8% women vs 35.4% men). Conclusions: CARMEN-AF Registry demonstrates that in Mexico, regardless of gender, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated. No gender differences were found in the use of VKA or DOAC. Keywords: Atrial fibrillation, Gender, Thromboembolic risk, Antithrombotic therapy, Stroke, Mexic