Théophile de Viau, poète baroque et le Sud-Ouest

Sous la régence de Marie de Médicis, le Sud-Ouest fut de nouveau le théâtre de troubles graves entre protestants et catholiques. Dès 1615, le mariage espagnol du Roi provoquait une certaine agitation parmi les protestants. Les Rohan se révoltèrent.Le 3 mai 1616, la paix de Loudun est conclue ; les princes vaincus font leur soumission et revinrent à la Cour.En février 1619, Vanini est brûlé à Toulouse.Si la campagne de la Reine Mère et des Princes rebelles qui se déroule en 1620 en Normandie e..

Estimation of dynamical model parameters taking into account undetectable marker values

BACKGROUND: Mathematical models are widely used for studying the dynamic of infectious agents such as hepatitis C virus (HCV). Most often, model parameters are estimated using standard least-square procedures for each individual. Hierarchical models have been proposed in such applications. However, another issue is the left-censoring (undetectable values) of plasma viral load due to the lack of sensitivity of assays used for quantification. A method is proposed to take into account left-censored values for estimating parameters of non linear mixed models and its impact is demonstrated through a simulation study and an actual clinical trial of anti-HCV drugs. METHODS: The method consists in a full likelihood approach distinguishing the contribution of observed and left-censored measurements assuming a lognormal distribution of the outcome. Parameters of analytical solution of system of differential equations taking into account left-censoring are estimated using standard software. RESULTS: A simulation study with only 14% of measurements being left-censored showed that model parameters were largely biased (from -55% to +133% according to the parameter) with the exception of the estimate of initial outcome value when left-censored viral load values are replaced by the value of the threshold. When left-censoring was taken into account, the relative bias on fixed effects was equal or less than 2%. Then, parameters were estimated using the 100 measurements of HCV RNA available (with 12% of left-censored values) during the first 4 weeks following treatment initiation in the 17 patients included in the trial. Differences between estimates according to the method used were clinically significant, particularly on the death rate of infected cells. With the crude approach the estimate was 0.13 day(-1 )(95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11; 0.17) compared to 0.19 day(-1 )(CI: 0.14; 0.26) when taking into account left-censoring. The relative differences between estimates of individual treatment efficacy according to the method used varied from 0.001% to 37%. CONCLUSION: We proposed a method that gives unbiased estimates if the assumed distribution is correct (e.g. lognormal) and that is easy to use with standard software

Tisser des alliances dans la classe de danse pour soutenir la diversité : passer des valeurs aux actes

Parmi les enjeux actuels de l’articulation entre danse et éducation, cet article porte un regard particulier sur celui de l’adaptation des interventions aux besoins et aux caractéristiques des élèves en situation de handicap. Comment Alice, enseignante de danse au Québec, dans ses interactions didactico-pédagogiques avec ses élèves, mobilise-t-elle des savoirs et des savoirs faire qui favorisent l’apprentissage pour tous ? Au sein d’une recherche menée au Québec, ont été croisés le cadre théorique des alliances éducatives et celui de la didactique de la danse. À partir d’extraits de pratiques filmées des cours de danse d’Alice et via des extraits de l’entretien d’explicitation mené auprès d’elle, nous mettrons en évidence que les stratégies didactico-pédagogiques d’Alice soutiennent un réseau d’alliances tissées avec les élèves. Cela passe par la mise en œuvre d’actions et de discours qui reconnaissent leur diversité et leur expertise singulière, en s’appuyant sur des valeurs de respect et d’équité, tout en utilisant des propositions variées et adaptées, au cœur d’une communication ouverte et attentive.Among the current issues in the articulation between dance and education, this article takes a particular look at pedagogical interventions used to follow the needs of all students including those with disabilities. How does Alice, a dance teacher in Quebec, mobilize knowledge and know-how in her didactic-pedagogical interactions with her students that promote learning for all? Within a research project conducted in Quebec, the theoretical framework of educational alliances and that of dance didactics were crossed. Using excerpts from Alice's filmed dance class practices and excerpts from an explanatory interview conducted with her, we will show that Alice's didactic-pedagogical strategies support a network of alliances forged with her students. This involves the implementation of actions and discourses that recognize their diversity and singular expertise, based on values of respect and equity, while using varied and adapted propositions, at the heart of an open and attentive communication

Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs

Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Modes de garde et d’accueil des jeunes enfants handicapés : les parents en première ligne

International audienceEn 2021, 47 000 enfants âgés de moins de 6 ans bénéficient de l’allocation d’éducation de l’enfant handicapé (AEEH) en France métropolitaine. Du fait des délais de repérage des troubles et de reconnaissance administrative, les moins de 3 ans sont en proportion moins nombreux parmi eux. Du côté des parents, les mères sont plus souvent inactives et la part de mères isolées est bien plus élevée, dès la petite enfance.Avant l’âge de 3 ans, les enfants bénéficiaires de l’AEEH sont beaucoup plus souvent gardés à titre principal par leurs parents que les autres enfants (78 % contre 56 %) : ils le sont moins souvent de façon exclusive, mais sur des temps plus longs que les autres enfants d’âge comparable. Concernant l’inclusion en structure collective ou individuelle, l’accueil en crèche au moins une fois dans la semaine est aussi répandu, mais il est deux fois moins fréquent chez une assistante maternelle. Dans les deux cas, les temps d’accueil sont en moyenne beaucoup plus réduits. Les parents d’enfant bénéficiaire de l’AEEH qui assurent la garde principale de leur enfant – que cela corresponde ou non à leur premier choix – se déclarent moins souvent satisfaits des conditions de garde que les autres parents dans la même situation (70 % contre 82 %). Ces écarts pourraient suggérer que la garde parentale est moins bien vécue ou refléter des attentes déçues en matière d’inclusion dans les autres modes d’accueil.À 3 ans, la scolarisation des enfants bénéficiaires de l’AEEH est moins fréquente (78 % contre 98 %). Au-delà, elle est généralisée mais les enfants y passent en moyenne moins de temps que la durée d’enseignement hebdomadaire de 24 heures.Des constats semblables sont observés, mais avec des écarts moins marqués, pour les enfants repérés en situation de handicap au sens large mais sans reconnaissance administrative

Chapitre 2. Remobiliser le corps à l’école : regards croisés

International audienceL’école est immobilité, cours d’éducation physique ou pas. La sédentarité juvénile croît et les projets pour « faire bouger » les élèves achoppent. Conjuguer mouvement humain et apprentissage serait-il impossible ? Pour diffuser des pistes de solutions, le Réseau des écoles publiques alternatives du Québec (RÉPAQ), associé à des écoles européennes « différentes » (Viaud, 2005) et à des chercheurs du Québec et de France a lancé un « Festival Bouger » vidéo. En trois minutes, des écoles partagent leurs astuces populaires pour faire apprendre et bouger les jeunes. Ces pratiques ingénieuses pourraient inspirer d’autres écoles vers une sortie de leur quasi-immobilité physique. Des chercheurs d’horizons différents ont analysé ces vidéos publiques. Dans une démarche inductive et qualitative, ils posent des repères théoriques et critiques pour mieux lire ces pratiques. Quatre perspectives de recherches émergent : apprentissage par le vécu moteur, éducation relative à l’environnement, apprentissage par corps grâce au mouvement dansé, pédagogie

Fine Particulate Pollution and Asthma Exacerbations

International audienceObjective : as the results from epidemiological studies about the impact of outdoor air pollution on asthma in children are heterogeneous, our objective was to investigate the association between asthma exacerbation in children and exposure to air pollutants.Methods : a database of 1 264 585 paediatric visits during the 2010–2015 period to the emergency rooms from 20 emergency departments (EDs) of ‘Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP)’, the largest hospital group in Europe, was used. A total of 47 107 visits were classified as asthma exacerbations. Concentration of air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide, ozone, fine particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10  µm (PM10) and 2.5 µm (PM2.5)), as well as meteorological data, evolution of respiratory syncytial virus infection and pollen exposition, were collected on an hourly or daily basis for the same period using institutional databases. To assess the association between air pollution and asthma, mixed-effects quasi-Poisson regression modelling was performed.Results : the only compound independently associated with ED visits for asthma was PM2.5 (P<10−4). The association between asthma exacerbation and PM2.5 was not linear and a sigmoid function described the relationshipsatisfactorily. PM2.5 concentration which gives half the maximum effect was estimated at 13.5 µg/m3.Conclusions : we found an association between daily asthma exacerbation in paediatric visits to the ED and fine particulate air pollutants

Performance of the automated multiplex PCR Unyvero implant and tissue infections system in the management of diabetic foot osteomyelitis

International audienceAIM: We evaluated the performance of Unyvero implant and tissue infections system (ITI) application (Curetis) to diagnose Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis (DFOM). PATIENTS & METHODS: The study was conducted in the Diabetic Foot reference center of N\ⁱmes University Hospital (France) from 1 December 2016 to 31 May 2017. We compared the Unyvero ITI PCR to conventional culture and alternative molecular approaches. RESULTS: A total of 79 patients with DFOM were included: 177 microorganisms were isolated by culture, 146 detected by PCR, resulting in a concordance level of 66.7% (65.0-68.4). Discrepant results were obtained for 45 samples, with 59 microorganisms being detected by PCR only (18 samples) or by culture only (27 samples). CONCLUSION: Unyvero ITI PCR represents an interesting additional diagnosis solution to manage DFOM