Cuidar de idosos com dependência em contexto domiciliário : necessidades formativas dos familiares cuidadores

Cuidar de Idosos com Dependência em Contexto Domiciliário: Necessidades Formativas dos Familiares Cuidadores Numa sociedade cada vez mais envelhecida, em que o aumento da necessidade de apoio às pessoas idosas dependentes emerge como um problema prioritário, interrogamo-nos sobre a necessidade de dar mais atenção à prestação de cuidados informais em contexto domiciliário. Neste sentido, afigura-se de primordial importância a preocupação dos enfermeiros em dotar os cuidadores de um conjunto de conhecimentos, de capacidades e recursos da comunidade que lhes permitam ajudar o seu familiar dependente no auto-cuidado, na gestão do regime terapêutico, na prevenção de complicações e no seu bem-estar psicológico (Petronilho, 2007). A finalidade do presente estudo é contribuir para a melhoria da assistência dos enfermeiros ao indivíduo dependente e sua família, melhorar a qualidade de vida dos idosos dependentes e suas famílias; bem como a definição de um programa formativo dirigido aos cuidadores informais da Unidade de Cuidados de Saúde Personalizados (UCSP) de Negrelos.. Assim, o presente estudo visa identificar as necessidades de formação do familiar cuidador na prestação de cuidados informais à pessoa idosa dependente no domicílio; conhecer os contextos de prestação de cuidados dos familiares cuidadores; conhecer os recursos utilizados pelos cuidadores no processo de aquisição de competências para cuidar do seu familiar dependente, bem como, conhecer a percepção do familiar cuidador sobre o papel do enfermeiro, na sua preparação para cuidar da pessoa idosa dependente. Para a sua realização enveredamos por um estudo de natureza qualitativa, exploratório e transversal, seleccionando doze cuidadores de pessoas idosas dependentes inscritas na UCSP de Negrelos. Como instrumento de recolha de dados recorremos a uma entrevista semi-estruturada que aplicamos aos familiares cuidadores e como complemento, aplicamos um questionário ao cuidador e duas escalas para avaliar a capacidade funcional da pessoa idosa dependente (Índice de Barthel e Índice de Lawton y Brody). Os resultados são semelhantes a estudos nacionais e internacionais, sobre o mesmo assunto, os cuidadores são maioritariamente femininos, com idades compreendidas entre 48 e 74 anos, de baixa escolaridade, prestando cuidados a tempo integral, com uma duração média de cinco anos. A causa de dependência prevalecente foi o acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), o que confirma as estatísticas que o identifica, em Portugal, como a principal causa de morbilidade associada à dependência. Em termos de funcionalidade, verifica-se que estes cuidadores cuidam de idosos totalmente dependentes nas actividades instrumentais e altamente dependentes nas actividades básicas. Os cuidadores referiram construir diariamente o seu processo de aprendizagem para cuidar, através da experiência quotidiana. Para além disso, os cuidadores referiram necessidades de formação para a aquisição de competências cognitivas (informação); competências instrumentais (saber fazer) e competências pessoais (saber lidar com). Relativamente ao contributo dos enfermeiros na sua preparação para cuidar da pessoa idosa dependente, os dados revelaram que os ensinos realizados junto dos cuidadores, foca essencialmente o cuidar instrumental. Cuidam só da pessoa idosa dependente descurando o familiar cuidador e a família

Optical-active phonons in A3Fe2B″O9 (A=Ca, Sr; B″ =Te, W) double perovskites

Raman scattering and infrared transmittance techniques are used to investigate the phonons of the Sr3Fe2TeO 9(SFTO), Sr3Fe2WO9(SFWO), and Ca3Fe2WO9(CFWO) double perovskites at 300 K. While SFTO and SFWO crystallize in a tetragonal structure belonging to the I4/m space with two formulas per unit cell (Z=2), CFWO crystallizes in a monoclinic structure belonging to the space group P 21/n with Z=2. The observed spectra are very similar to that of the prototype cubic (Fm̄3m) double perovskite, indicating that both the tetragonal and monoclinic structures result from small distortions of the cubic cell. The assignment of the optical phonons follows that given for the prototype Fm̄3m double perovskites. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.Fil: Silva, E. N.. Universidade Federal Do Maranhao.; BrasilFil: Guedes, I.. Universidade Estadual do Ceará; BrasilFil: Ayala, A. P.. Universidade Estadual do Ceará; BrasilFil: López, C. A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Augsburger, Marta Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Viola, Maria del Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Pedregosa, Jose Carmelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; Argentin

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities of fish roe-derived extracts

The regular consumption of fish and its products has been associated with decreased incidence of inflammatory conditions. Indeed, fish present several antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds (e.g., high levels of Ï 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids â PUFA). Therefore, this work explored fish roe derived from three different species, namely sardine, horse mackerel and sea bass, to produce new delivery devices. Aqueous and lipidic extracts were obtained using the Matyash method. Despite, the three aqueous extracts showed ability to scavenge peroxyl, hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals, the ones derived from sardine roe were the most efficient. Thus, they were combined with sardine roe-derived lipidic extracts to prepare large unilamellar liposomes, designated as fishroesomes. The aqueous extracts, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators produced by stimulated macrophages, being these effects enhanced by its combination with liposomes. Consequently, the developed formulations could be promising natural options for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Industrial relevance: Fish roe has been increasingly included in the human diet due to its nutritional value (e.g., high levels of Ï 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids â PUFA) and health benefits. Therefore, this work used aqueous and lipidic extracts derived from roes of different fish, namely sardine, horse mackerel and sea bass, to produce novel, natural and safer formulations for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. The roes-derived aqueous extracts obtained using the Matyash method demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in comparison with the negative control (without compounds). Due to the overall higher antioxidant activity of sardine roe-derived aqueous extracts, they were used in combination with the lipidic extracts to produce large unilamellar liposomes. These sardine roe-derived formulations presented notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, at non-cytotoxic levels. Moreover, a complementary action between the two extracts was observed. Thus, this study provides important insights about the value of roe-derived aqueous and lipidic extracts that can be used to prepare new pharmaceutical formulations with bioactivity levels compatible with their medical use for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.This work was financially supported by FCT/MCTES or FSE/POCH (grant numbers PD/169/2013, PD/BD/113795/2015, PD/BD/135246/2017, PTDC/CTM-BIO/4388/2014), and the NORTE 2020 Structured Project, co-funded by Norte2020 (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000021)

Phospholipid‐induced silk fibroin hydrogels and their potential as cell carriers for tissue regeneration

Silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels can be obtained via self‐assembly, but this process takes several days or weeks, being unfeasible to produce cell carrier hydrogels. In this work, a phospholipid, namely, 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phospho‐(1′‐rac‐glycerol) sodium salt (DMPG), was used to induce and accelerate the gelation process of SF solutions. Due to the amphipathic nature and negative charge of DMPG, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the phospholipids and SF chains will occur, inducing the structural transition of SF chains to the beta sheet and consequently a rapid gel formation is observed (less than 50 min). Moreover, the gelation time can be controlled by varying the lipid concentration. To assess the potential of the hydrogels as cell carriers, several mammalian cell lines, including L929, NIH/3T3, SaOS‐2, and CaSki, were encapsulated into the hydrogel. The silk‐based hydrogels supported the normal growth of fibroblasts, corroborating their cytocompatibility. Interestingly, an inhibition in the growth of cancer‐derived cell lines was observed. Therefore, DMPG‐induced SF hydrogels can be successfully used as a 3D platform for in situ cell encapsulation, opening promising opportunities in biomedical applications, such as in cell therapies and tissue regeneration.This paper was supported by the REMIX Project, funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Maria Sklodowska‐Curie Grant agreement n. 778078. Financial support is acknowledged from Chulalongkorn Academic Advancement into Its 2nd Century (CUAASC), SPARTAN project (PTDC/CTM‐BIO/4388/2014), and NORTE 2020 Structured Project within the R&D&I Structured Project, cofunded by Norte2020—Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. Chavee Laomeephol was awarded with The 100th Anniversary Chulalongkorn University Fund for his Doctoral Scholarship and The 90th Anniversary Chulalongkorn University Fund (Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund). Marta Guedes acknowledges the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology for her PhD Grant (PD/BD/113795/2015)

Brassica oleracea L. Var. costata DC and Pieris brassicae L. aqueous extracts reduce methyl methanesulfonate-induced DNA damage in V79 hamster lung fibroblasts

Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC leaves and Pieris brassicae L. larvae aqueous extracts were assayed for their potential to prevent/induce DNA damage. None of them was mutagenic at the tested concentrations in the Ames test reversion assay using Salmonella His+ TA98 strains, with and without metabolic activation. In the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase mutation assay using mammalian V79 fibroblast cell line, extracts at 500 μg/mL neither induced mutations nor protected against the mutagenicity caused by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). In the comet assay, none of the extracts revealed to be genotoxic by itself, and both afforded protection, more pronounced for larvae extracts, against MMS-induced genotoxicity. As genotoxic/antigenotoxic effects of Brassica vegetables are commonly attributed to isothiocyanates, the extracts were screened for these compounds by headspace–solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. No sulfur compound was detected. These findings demonstrate that both extracts could be useful against damage caused by genotoxic compounds, the larvae extract being the most promising