Adopciòn de Tecnologìa como Factor de Competitividad en el Sector Productivo de Henificaciòn de Pastos en el Valle de Malacatoya.

El presente estudio se realizó con el propósito de identificar los factores con más incidencia en la productividad del proceso de henificación de forraje dentro de la zona comprendida como Malacatoya, en el centro de Nicaragua. La información utilizada fue recolectada mediante el uso de entrevistas, encuesta y revisión documental. De un total de 71 productores de forraje encuestados a lo largo de la zona del pacífico de Nicaragua, resultó que el 55% de los encuestados poseen equipo suficiente para producir forraje, cubrir sus propias necesidades y comercializar el servicio a otros productores que no cuentan con el equipo suficiente. La mayoría de los encuestados ubicados en la franja del pacífico, el promedio de extensión de parcelas utilizadas para labores de producción muy variado entre zona departamentales, predominante el cultivo de sorgo

Plan de negocios para incrementar la demanda y participación en el mercado de los productos y servicios que ofrece la pequeña empresa industrial El Líbano, S.A. de C.V. ubicada en el municipio de Ciudad Delgado, departamento de San Salvador.

El equipo de investigación tuvo conocimiento de la existencia de INDUSTRIAS EL LÍBANO, S.A. DE C.V por medio de una amiga de una de las integrantes del equipo investigador quien al darse cuenta que se buscaba una organización para llevar a cabo el trabajo de investigación, sugirió la sociedad antes mencionada ya que esta tenía áreas en las cuales se podría realizar la investigación y que sería de ayuda para la administración de la empresa, y que allá podría concretar una entrevista con el gerente general. Al realizar la visita el gerente muy amablemente atendió mientras nos explicaba el rubro de la empresa y las principales dificultades a las que se enfrentan en las ventas de sus productos ya que no cuentan con publicidad. Por tal motivo el objetivo principal de esta investigación es elaborar un plan de negocios para incrementar la demanda y participación del mercado de los productos y servicios que ofrece la sociedad INDUSTRIAS EL LÍBANO, S.A. DE C.V. al hacer uso del método científico se obtuvo información válida de los analizados, y por medio de la síntesis se realizó un consolidado de los resultados obtenidos para identificar alternativas de solución a la problemática. Por medio de la aplicación de técnicas de recolección se obtuvo información por parte de los potenciales clientes, para ello fue necesario la elaboración de instrumentos como cuestionarios, guía de entrevista y lista de cotejo, a la vez se recurrió a fuentes de información primarias y secundarias, la determinación del ámbito de la investigación, las unidades de análisis y la selección de la muestra. La investigación consideró dos universos que se detallan a continuación: • Entrevista con el Gerente general y el encargado del área de mercadeo. • Cuestionario a clientes potenciales. A través del diagnóstico realizado, se efectuaron las conclusiones y recomendaciones siguientes: ii Conclusiones. 1. Pese a que INDUSTRIAS EL LÍBANO, S.A. DE C.V. cuenta con área de mercadeo, no cuenta con un plan de negocios actualizado que permita hacer uso de estrategias efectivas que ayuden a incrementar la demanda. 2. La falta de una sala de ventas afecta en cierta medida el incremento de la demanda debido a que se deja al margen a los clientes que acostumbran a visitar directamente conocer de primera mano los atributos de los productos. 3. La falta de publicidad afecta directamente las ventas, debido a que no se están promocionando las principales líneas ofrecidas por INDUSTRIAS EL LÍBANO S.A DE C.V. y no resultan ser reconocidas en el mercado. Recomendaciones. 1. Considerar la propuesta del grupo investigador y poner en marcha un plan de negocios que permita modificar los procesos que actualmente se llevan a cabo en el área de mercadeo y las acciones a ejecutar proporcionando ventaja competitiva dentro del mercado. 2. Apertura de una sala de ventas que permita al cliente la facilidad de apreciar las líneas de muebles y obtener información sobre la calidad de los materiales con que están fabricados. 3. Realizar publicidad que impacte en la mente del cliente potencial, haciendo uso de diferentes estrategias como lo son regalías, uso de redes sociales etc

Enzyme-Controlled Nanodevice for Acetylcholine-Triggered Cargo Delivery Based on Janus Au-Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Llopis-Lorente, Antoni, Paula Díez, Cristina de la Torre, Alfredo Sánchez, Félix Sancenón, Elena Aznar, María D. Marcos, Paloma Martínez-Ruíz, Ramón Martínez-Máñez, and Reynaldo Villalonga. 2017. Enzyme-Controlled Nanodevice for Acetylcholine-Triggered Cargo Delivery Based on Janus Au-Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Chemistry - A European Journal 23 (18). Wiley: 4276 81. doi:10.1002/chem.201700603, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201700603. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] This work reports a new gated nanodevice for acetylcholine-triggered cargo delivery. We prepared and characterized Janus Au-mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with acetylcholinesterase on the Au face and with supramolecular b-cyclodextrin: benzimidazole inclusion complexes as caps on the mesoporous silica face. The nanodevice is able to selectively deliver the cargo in the presence of acetylcholine via enzyme-mediated acetylcholine hydrolysis, locally lowering the pH and opening the supramolecular gate. Given the key role played by ACh and its relation with Parkinson's disease and other nervous system diseases, we believe that these findings could help design new therapeutic strategies.A.L.L. is grateful to "La Caixa" Banking Foundation for his PhD fellowship. The authors are gratitude to the Spanish Government (MINECO Projects MAT2012-38429-C04-01, MAT2015-64139-C4-1, CTQ2014-58989-P and CTQ2015-71936-REDT) and the Generalitat Valencia (Project PROMETEOII/2014/047) for support. The Comunidad de Madrid (S2013/MIT-3029, Programme NANOAVANSENS) is also gratefully acknowledged.Llopis-Lorente, A.; Díez, P.; De La Torre-Paredes, C.; Sanchez, A.; Sancenón Galarza, F.; Aznar, E.; Marcos Martínez, MD.... (2017). 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Interactive models of communication at the nanoscale using nanoparticles that talk to one another

[EN] 'Communication' between abiotic nanoscale chemical systems is an almost-unexplored field with enormous potential. Here we show the design and preparation of a chemical communication system based on enzyme-powered Janus nanoparticles, which mimics an interactive model of communication. Cargo delivery from one nanoparticle is governed by the biunivocal communication with another nanoparticle, which involves two enzymatic processes and the interchange of chemical messengers. The conceptual idea of establishing communication between nanodevices opens the opportunity to develop complex nanoscale systems capable of sharing information and cooperating.A. L.-L. is grateful to 'La Caixa' Banking Foundation for his PhD fellowship. We wish to thank the Spanish Government (MINECO Projects MAT2015-64139-C4-1, CTQ2014-58989-P and CTQ2015-71936-REDT and AGL2015-70235-C2-2-R) and the Generalitat Valenciana (Project PROMETEOII/2014/047) for support. 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Taking Two-Photon Excitation to Exceptional Path-Lengths in Photonic Crystal Fiber

The well-known, defining feature of two-photon excitation (TPE) is the tight, three-dimensional confinement of excitation at the intense focus of a laser beam. The extremely small excitation volume, on the order of 1 μm3 (1 femtoliter), is the basis of far-reaching applications of TPE in fluorescence imaging, photodynamic therapy, nanofabrication, and three-dimensional optical memory. Paradoxically, the difficulty of detecting photochemical events in such a small volume is a barrier to the development of the two-photon-activated molecular systems that are essential to the realization of such applications. We show, using two-photon-excited fluorescence to directly visualize the excitation path, that confinement of both laser beam and sample solution within the 20 μm hollow core of a photonic crystal fiber permits TPE to be sustained over an extraordinary path-length of more than 10 cm, presenting a new experimental paradigm for ultrasensitive studies of two-photon-induced processes in solution. (Figure Presented).We are grateful to the Koerber Foundation (Germany) and the EPSRC (UK) for financial support. G.O.S.W. is a recipient of an EPSRC Prize Postdoctoral Fellowshi