From Sexism to Feminism: Arguments of Definition in A Return to Modesty and Girls Gone Mild

In 1999, A Return to Modesty was published, wherein Wendy Shalit argued for sexism. Shalit's book received a fair amount of support and attention, yet also elicited some reviews which were extremely opposed to Shalit's argument for sexism. Shalit's second book, Girls Gone Mild: Young Women Reclaim Self-Respect and Find It's Not Bad to Be Good, was released in 2007 and is a startling departure from A Return to Modesty. Shalit made a tactical decision in Girls Gone Mild to appropriate a former enemy, feminism. A rhetorical analysis of these two works reveals that Shalit employs arguments of definition when arguing for sexism and feminism--first, she argues for real definitions within A Return to Modesty. Within Girls Gone Mild, Shalit modifies this strategy into what I call "founders' intent.

THE GENEALOGY OF THE PROSTITUTE: DEFINING AND DISCIPLINING PROSTITUTION THROUGH JOURNALISM IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND, 1809-1886

This dissertation is an exploration into the changing definition of a prostitute during the nineteenth century in Britain and the actions taken in response to that changing definition. I argue that different definitions of "prostitute" that emerge during this time correspond to the various means of control, discipline, and legislation of prostitution. Throughout the 1800s, "prostitute" meant a brazen harlot, a fallen woman, a factory worker, a capable capitalist, and an underage child. Each definition signifies a particular set of medical, social, scientific and religious assumptions that informed political aims and disciplinary measures. Additionally, I contend that the debate over prostitution in the 1800s demonstrates the failure of medical and scientific discourses in shaping the discourse over prostitution. While religious, medical, social scientific and sexual discourse all had a hand in contributing to the definition of "prostitute," social scientists persistently worried over the accuracy of statistics and the veracity of their studies. Their inability to accurately depict the prostitute necessitated a different means of generating knowledge. Thus, it was the surveilling functions of journalism--manifested through the voices of anonymous prostitutes in letters to the editor of the Times, interviews, and the particularly the sensational tactics of "new journalism" practiced by Stead--which came to have increasing influence over the rhetorical formations of "prostitute" within public discourse. Through the first-hand testimony of anonymous streetwalkers, or through the eyewitness accounts of an editor, the prostitute depicted within the pages of newsprint bore none of the uncertainty found within medical studies or reformers' tracts. Therefore, tracing the debate over prostitution also reveals the ways in which the newspaper evolved throughout the nineteenth century as a means to shape public discourse

Olenko yrittäjämäinen? – Opiskelijoiden yrittäjyysosaamisen hahmottaminen ja sanoittaminen

Undergraduate students often associate entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial skills with establishing a company and not as much with acting entrepreneurially. Students find verbalizing one’s own entrepreneurial skills challenging because the majority of undergraduates lack the necessary metacognitive skills to recognize their own know-how. The purpose of this paper is to study how undergraduate students understand entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial competencies. Focus group interviews were conducted with third year business students. The study found three approaches regarding entrepreneurial competencies, through which the undergraduates’ sensemaking processes and accumulation of know-how can be better understood. This categorization provides valuable insights for university personnel, both as regards to the development of students’ metacognitive skills and the recognition processes of prior learning of entrepreneurial competencies. This study suggests that undergraduate students need support in verbalizing their know-how, as well as more information about recognizing entrepreneurial skills as part of their personal curriculum, about entrepreneurship in general and as a potential career choice.Opiskelijat yhdistävät yrittäjyyden ja yrittäjyysosaamisen usein yrityksen perustamiseen, eivätkä niinkään yrittäjämäiseen toimintaan laajemmin. Oman yrittäjyysosaamisen sanoittaminen koetaan usein haasteelliseksi, koska suurimmalla osalla opiskelijoista ei ole oman osaamisensa tunnistamiseen tarvittavia metakognitiivisia taitoja. Tutkimuksessa selvitetään, miten korkeakouluopiskelijat hahmottavat yrittäjyyttä ja siihen liittyvää osaamista. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu fokusryhmähaastatteluista kolmannen vuoden kauppatieteen opiskelijoiden kanssa. Aineiston perusteella on tunnistettu kolme lähestymistapaa yrittäjyysosaamiseen, joiden avulla opiskelijan oman yrittäjyysosaamisen hahmottamista ja osaamisen kertymistä pystytään paremmin ymmärtämään. Tämä antaa tietoa opintoja ohjaavalle henkilökunnalle niin opiskelijoiden metakognitiivisten taitojen kehittymisestä kuin tavasta kommunikoida heidän kanssaan yrittäjyysosaamisen opinnollistamiseen liittyen. Tulosten pohjalta voidaan todeta, että korkeakouluopiskelijat tarvitsevat tukea yrittäjyysosaamisen sanoittamisessa ja tietoa yrittäjyyden opinnollistamisesta sekä yrittäjyydestä uravaihtoehtona

Autonomous vehicle solutions and their digital servitization business models

Digitalization and automation play essential roles in how companies create value for their customers in emerging industries, including autonomous vehicle solutions (AVSs) and automated driving. In this study, we explore digital servitization business models in the context of AVS ecosystems. We utilize publicly available company data to discuss cases that illustrate the emerging business models of AVSs in the business-to-business (B2B) context. We contribute to research on autonomous solutions by identifying four types of AVSs: (i) advanced-data-assisted solutions, (ii) semiautonomous platooning solutions, (iii) autonomous demarcated solutions, and (iv) autonomous swarmed solutions. We advance digital servitization and business model research by revealing business models associated with those AVSs, namely: (i) safety as a service, (ii) efficiency as a service, (iii) capacity as a service, and (iv) flexibility as a service. By combining these three fields of research, we enrich the digital servitization research and address the current gap in research on autonomous solutions by focusing on business models. Our analysis enables the development of novel conceptual tools for autonomous solutions and servitization driven by digitalization. Moreover, we suggest the concept of business model fluidity to explain rapid and autonomous business model changes and adaptation to different use contexts and customer contexts.peerReviewe

Discussion paper on a ‘good professional practice’ for the agricultural use of peat soils

Abstract: In Germany, more than 70% of peat soils are used for agriculture. Due to drainage and utilization, these peat soils have considerable environmental impact. Drainage-based use also leads to continuous peat mineralization and subsidence and over time to a loss of productive land. In an expert meeting (16 - 18 June 2016), organized by the MoorDialog project (Greifswald Mire Centre) and the DGMT, representatives from agriculture, water management, research, and nature conservation discussed the ‘good professional practice’ of agricultural use of peat soils in Germany. The overarching goal should be to secure the availability of productive land. As the management of peat soils also affects the provision of other ecosystem services such as climate and water protection, a good professional practice must consider and balance all these benefits. The expert meeting explored criteria for water management and land management to define good professional practice in societal consensus. Finally, the necessary changes of legal and economic frameworks were discussed. This paper can be the basis for a broad discussion in the political arena.Zusammenfassung: In Deutschland werden mehr als 70% der Moorböden landwirtschaftlich genutzt. Von der mit der Bewirtschaftung verbundenen Entwässerung gehen meist erhebliche Umweltbelastungen aus, die im Widerspruch zu internationalen Vorgaben und nationalen Vorschriften stehen. Die entwässerungsbasierte Nutzung von Moorböden führt zur kontinuierlichen Abnahme des Höhenniveaus und damit über die Zeit zu einem Verlust an Kulturland. Auf einem vom Projekt MoorDialog (Greifswald Moor Centrum) und der DGMT organisierten Fachgespräch vom 16. bis 18. Juni 2016 haben Vertreter aus Land- und Wasserwirtschaft, Wissenschaft sowie Natur- und Umweltschutz diskutiert, was eine gute fachliche Praxis der Nutzung von landwirtschaftlich genutzten Moorböden in Deutschland beinhalten sollte. Als übergeordnetes Ziel wurde definiert, heutiges Kulturland dauerhaft als nutzbares Land zu erhalten. Die Bewirtschaftung von Moorstandorten beeinflusst neben der Produktionsfunktion die Bereitstellung von anderen gesellschaftsrelevanten Ökosystemleistungen wie den Klima- und Gewässerschutz und die Lebensraumfunktion für einheimische Organismen. Im Rahmen einer guten fachlichen Praxis sollten diese Leistungen berücksichtigt und integral abgewogen werden. Als Ergebnis des Fachgesprächs wurden Kriterien für die Steuerung des Wasserhaushalts und das Flächenmanagement sondiert, anhand derer eine gute fachliche Praxis definiert und im gesellschaftlichen Konsens vereinbart werden kann. Abschließend werden die dafür notwendigen Änderungen der rechtlichen und ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen diskutiert. Der vorliegende Entwurf soll als Grundlage für eine breite Diskussion im politischen Raum dienen.DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMTresearc

Soil carbon,multiple benefits

In March 2013,40 leading experts from across the world gathered at a workshop, hosted by the EuropeanCommission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Italy, to discuss the multiple benefits o fsoil carbon as part of a Rapid Assessment Process (RAP) project commissioned by Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE). This collaboration led to the publication of the SCOPE Series Volume 71 “Soil Carbon:Science, Management and Policy for Multiple Benefits”; which brings together the essential scientific evidence and policy opportunities regarding the global importance of soil carbon.This short communication summarizes the key messages of the assessment including research and policy implications. & 2014ElsevierLtd.JRC.H.5-Land Resources Managemen

Soil carbon, multiple benefits

In March 2013, 40 leading experts from across the world gathered at a workshop, hosted by the European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Italy, to discuss the multiple benefits of soil carbon as part of a Rapid Assessment Process (RAP) project commissioned by Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE). This collaboration led to the publication of the SCOPE Series Volume 71 "Soil Carbon: Science, Management and Policy for Multiple Benefits"; which brings together the essential scientific evidence and policy opportunities regarding the global importance of soil carbon. This short communication summarises the key messages of the assessment including research and policy implications. (Résumé d'auteur