Identifying individual differences of fluoxetine response in juvenile rhesus monkeys by metabolite profiling

Fluoxetine is the only psychopharmacological agent approved for depression by the US Food and Drug Administration for children and is commonly used therapeutically in a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. Therapeutic response shows high individual variability, and severe side effects have been observed. In the current study we set out to identify biomarkers of response to fluoxetine as well as biomarkers that correlate with impulsivity, a measure of reward delay behavior and potential side effect of the drug, in juvenile male rhesus monkeys. The study group was also genotyped for polymorphisms of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a gene that has been associated with psychiatric disorders. We used peripheral metabolite profiling of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from animals treated daily with fluoxetine or vehicle for one year. Fluoxetine response metabolite profiles and metabolite/reward delay behavior associations were evaluated using multivariate analysis. Our analyses identified a set of plasma and CSF metabolites that distinguish fluoxetine-from vehicle-treated animals and metabolites that correlate with impulsivity. Some metabolites displayed an interaction between fluoxetine and MAOA genotype. The identified metabolite biomarkers belong to pathways that have important functions in central nervous system physiology. Biomarkers of response to fluoxetine in the normally functioning brain of juvenile nonhuman primates may aid in finding predictors of response to treatment in young psychiatric populations and in progress toward the realization of a precision medicine approach in the area of neurodevelopmental disorders

APPLICATIONS OF UV-LIGA AND GRAYSCALE LITHOGRAPHY FOR DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES

In the article MEMS technologies for display production and application presented. UV-LIGA and greyscale lithography based on SU-8 resist approaches were shown. Methods, technologies and structures of heterogeneous materials with soft magnetic properties, pros and cons are discussed. Unique specific parameters of soft magnetic composite material were achieved: magnetic induction of saturation – 2,1 Т, working frequency range – up to 1 MHz, permeability – up to 3000, total loss – 8 W/kg, Curie temperature – above 800 ºС. Electroplating allows deposition of soft magnetic alloys on the conductive substrate. Metals like Fe, Ni, Co with additives like B, P were used to get the best soft magnetic properties. Special codeposition process was developed to allow insertion of soft magnetic composite powder filaments into soft magnetic matrix formed during. It allows developing magnetic micromotors for display production. Simulation of the hybrid step micromotors was carried out in Ansys Maxwell 19. It was demonstrated that it is possible to get 10 mN m tourqe under 25 μm rotor-stator air gap. Only presented microtechnologies can provide such accuracy of the mciromotors elements. As for greyscale photolithography, special grey mask were developed and it was demonstrated the possibility to produce controllable real 3D relief on the SU-8 photoresist. Thus, microtechnologies should be integrated into display technology to provide cost effective production and advanced properties of final products.In the article MEMS technologies for display production and application presented. UV-LIGA and greyscale lithography based on SU-8 resist approaches were shown. Methods, technologies and structures of heterogeneous materials with soft magnetic properties, pros and cons are discussed. Unique specific parameters of soft magnetic composite material were achieved: magnetic induction of saturation – 2,1 Т, working frequency range – up to 1 MHz, permeability – up to 3000, total loss – 8 W/kg, Curie temperature – above 800 ºС. Electroplating allows deposition of soft magnetic alloys on the conductive substrate. Metals like Fe, Ni, Co with additives like B, P were used to get the best soft magnetic properties. Special codeposition process was developed to allow insertion of soft magnetic composite powder filaments into soft magnetic matrix formed during. It allows developing magnetic micromotors for display production. Simulation of the hybrid step micromotors was carried out in Ansys Maxwell 19. It was demonstrated that it is possible to get 10 mN m tourqe under 25 μm rotor-stator air gap. Only presented microtechnologies can provide such accuracy of the mciromotors elements. As for greyscale photolithography, special grey mask were developed and it was demonstrated the possibility to produce controllable real 3D relief on the SU-8 photoresist. Thus, microtechnologies should be integrated into display technology to provide cost effective production and advanced properties of final products

Urinary metabolomics (GC-MS) reveals that low and high birth weight infants share elevated inositol concentrations at birth

Objective: Metabolomics is a new ‘‘omics’’ platform aimed at high-throughput identification, quantification and characterization of small molecule metabolites. The metabolomics approach has been successfully applied to the classification different physiological states and identification of perturbed biochemical pathways. The purpose of the current investigation is the application of metabolomics to explore biological mechanisms which may lead to the onset of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Methods: We evaluated differences in metabolites in the urine collected within 12 hours from 23 infants with IUGR (IntraUterine Growth Restriction), or LGA (Large for Gestational Age), compared to control infants (10 patients defined AGA: Appropriate for Gestational Age). Urinary metabolites were quantified by GC-MS and used to highlight similarities between the two metabolic diseases and identify metabolic markers for their predisposition. Quantified metabolites were analyzed using a multivariate statistics coupled with receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis of identified biomarkers. Results: Urinary myo-inositol was the most important discriminant between LGA + IUGR and control infants, and displayed an area under the ROC curve¼1. Conclusion: We postulate that the increase in plasma and consequently urinary inositol may constitute a marker of altered glucose metabolism during fetal development in both IUGR and LGA newborns

Applications of UV-LIGA and grayscale lithography for display technologies

In the article MEMS technologies for display production and application presented. UV-LIGA and greyscale lithography based on SU-8 resist approaches were shown. Methods, technologies and structures of heterogeneous materials with soft magnetic properties, pros and cons are discussed. Unique specific parameters of soft magnetic composite material were achieved: magnetic induction of saturation – 2,1 Т, working frequency range – up to 1 MHz, permeability – up to 3000, total loss – 8 W/kg, Curie temperature – above 800 єС. Electroplating allows deposition of soft magnetic alloys on the conductive substrate. Metals like Fe, Ni, Co with additives like B, P were used to get the best soft magnetic properties. Special codeposition process was developed to allow insertion of soft magnetic composite powder filaments into soft magnetic matrix formed during. It allows developing magnetic micromotors for display production. Simulation of the hybrid step micromotors was carried out in Ansys Maxwell 19. It was demonstrated that it is possible to get 10 mN m tourqe under 25 μm rotor-stator air gap. Only presented microtechnologies can provide such accuracy of the mciromotors elements. As for greyscale photolithography, special grey mask were developed and it was demonstrated the possibility to produce controllable real 3D relief on the SU-8 photoresist. Thus, microtechnologies should be integrated into display technology to provide cost effective production and advanced properties of final products

Vertically oriented graphene based walls and columns obtained by ICP CVD method on moving substrates as prior stage of the roll-to-roll technology

Superior optoelectronic properties of graphene have made this material as a special applicant in displays, touch and graphene-based screens with smaller and long-lasting batteries including the field of mobile telephony. Recently we have introduced the process for the formation of vertically oriented graphene (VOG) walls with a curved morphology by ICP CVD method. Such VOG walls represent a very promising material for different applications (e.g. miniature batteries and other optoelectronic devices) due to its unique orientation and open carbon network structure. For the first time such VOG walls have been grown directly on a moving substrate that is a prerequisite for its production by the roll-to-roll technology providing higher yield of the production process at lower cost of the product

Metallization of Vias in Silicon Wafers to Produce Three-Dimensional Microstructures

The processes of electrochemical deposition into a matrix of vertical vias of different diameters (500–2000 nm) in Si/SiO2 substrates with a TiN barrier layer at the bottom of the holes are studied. Morpho- logical studies of the metal in the holes show that the structure of copper clusters is rather uniform and is formed from crystallites of ~30 to 50 nm. Repeatability and stability with a homogeneous structure and with holes filled 100% by Cu determine the prospect of using the Si/SiO2/Cu system as a basic element for creating three-dimensional micro- and nanostructures, as well as for the 3D assembly of IC crystals

Electromagnetic MEMS motors for display technologies

The fourth revolution of the industry is powered by a wide range breakthrough, new technology, innovative ideas and creative activities. All these things were naturally born, mostly, by the interdisciplinary science and technology. Soft magnetic composites are the bright example of the different technologies integration to get final commercial technologies to get the final products with enhanced properties. Micro displacement and micro positioning became a very important factor for new display technologies such as inkjet, 3D printing, nanoimprint. New generation of technologies allows increasing productivity and improving quality. MEMS micromotors are the core of such instruments for display production

Automated pathway and reaction prediction facilitates in silico identification of unknown metabolites in human cohort studies

Identification of metabolites in non-targeted metabolomics continues to be a bottleneck in metabolomics studies in large human cohorts. Unidentified metabolites frequently emerge in the results of association studies linking metabolite levels to, for example, clinical phenotypes. For further analyses these unknown metabolites must be identified. Current approaches utilize chemical information, such as spectral details and fragmentation characteristics to determine components of unknown metabolites. Here, we propose a systems biology model exploiting the internal correlation structure of metabolite levels in combination with existing biochemical and genetic information to characterize properties of unknown molecules. Levels of 758 metabolites (439 known, 319 unknown) in human blood samples of 2279 subjects were measured using a non-targeted metabolomics platform (LC-MS and GC-MS). We reconstructed the structure of biochemical pathways that are imprinted in these metabolomics data by building an empirical network model based on 1040 significant partial correlations between metabolites. We further added associations of these metabolites to 134 genes from genome-wide association studies as well as reactions and functional relations to genes from the public database Recon 2 to the network model. From the local neighborhood in the network, we were able to predict the pathway annotation of 180 unknown metabolites. Furthermore, we classified 100 pairs of known and unknown and 45 pairs of unknown metabolites to 21 types of reactions based on their mass differences. As a proof of concept, we then looked further into the special case of predicted dehydrogenation reactions leading us to the selection of 39 candidate molecules for 5 unknown metabolites. Finally, we could verify 2 of those candidates by applying LC-MS analyses of commercially available candidate substances. The formerly unknown metabolites X-13891 and X-13069 were shown to be 2-dodecendioic acid and 9-tetradecenoic acid, respectively. Our data-driven approach based on measured metabolite levels and genetic associations as well as information from public resources can be used alone or together with methods utilizing spectral patterns as a complementary, automated and powerful method to characterize unknown metabolites

Перспективные интеллектуальные материалы для радиоэлектроники

The investigations of a multilayer material – a polymeric radio-transparent electrically conductive film of polyaniline with a concentration of 5, 10 and 50 % by weight on a radio-transparent fiberglass substrate were carried out. Such materials are multifunctional – the material itself has the required characteristics, but when it is exposed to external electromagnetic radiation, it provides shielding functions. Electrically conductive polymer samples (polyaniline film) deposited on a fiberglass substrate have low attenuation in the 8–12 GHz transparency band, low electromagnetic radiation reflection coefficient, high conductivity and performance characteristics, as well as manufacturability.Выполнены исследования многослойного материала – полимерной радиопрозрачной электропроводящей пленки полианилина концентрации 5, 10 и 50 % по массе на радиопрозрачной подложке из стеклопластика. Такие материалы являются многофункциональными – собственно материал с требуемыми характеристиками, но при воздействии внешнего электромагнитного излучения выполняет экранирующие функции. Образцы электропроводящего полимера (пленки полианилина), нанесенные на подложку из стеклопластика, обладают малым затуханием в полосе прозрачности 8–12 ГГц, низким коэффициентом отражения электромагнитного излучения, высокими проводимостью и эксплуатационными характеристиками, технологичностью