Open Source Based Deployment of Environmental Data into Geospatial Information Infrastructures

Today, scientists use local and closed geospatial solutions to run their models and store their results. This may limit their ability to share their models, and results with other interested colleagues. This scenario is changing with the advent of new factors such as the rapid growth and rise of open source projects, or new paradigms promoted by government organizations to manage environmental data, such as Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) directive, or the massive use of Web 2.0 techniques where users are looking for applications with a high degree of collaboration, interactiveness, and multimedia effects. Many authors address the versatility of Spatial Data Infrastructures where resources are shared and accessed via standard service according to complex specifications. In this context, the authors point out the need to merge the traditional building and maintenance of these infrastructures, driven by official providers, with these more participative methodologies where users can participate in creating and integrating information. It seems necessary to develop new geospatial tools which integrate these new trends. This paper proposes a unified solution offering to the scientific field an open development framework, based on standards and philosophies focused on new technologies and scientific needs

Tomato plants increase their tolerance to low temperature in a chilling acclimation process entailing comprehensive transcriptional and metabolic adjustments

43 p.-9 fig.Low temperature is a major environmental stress that seriously compromises plant development, distribution and productivity. Most crops are from tropical origin and, consequently, chilling sensitive. Interestingly, however, some tropical plants, are able to augment their chilling tolerance when previously exposed to suboptimal growth temperatures. Yet, the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying this adaptive process, termed chilling acclimation, still remain practically unknown. Here, we demonstrate that tomato plants can develop a chilling acclimation response, which includes comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolic adjustments leading to increased chilling tolerance. More important, our results reveal strong resemblances between this response and cold acclimation, the process whereby plants from temperate regions raise their freezing tolerance after exposure to low, non-freezing temperatures. Both chilling and cold acclimation are regulated by a similar set of transcription factors and hormones, and share common defence mechanisms, including the accumulation of compatible solutes, the mobilization of antioxidant systems and the rearrangement of the photosynthetic machinery. Nonetheless, we have found some important divergences that may account for the freezing sensitivity of tomato plants. The data reported in this manuscript should foster new research into the chilling acclimation response with the aim of improving tomato tolerance to low temperature.This work was supported by grants EUI2009-04074 and BIO2013-47788-R from MINECO to J.S., and EU H2020 TRADITOM (634561) and BIO2013-42193-R from MINECO to A.G.Peer reviewe

Innovations to Improve Lung Isolation Training for Thoracic Anesthesia: A Narrative Review.

A double-lumen tube or bronchial blocker positioning using flexible bronchoscopy for lung isolation and one-lung ventilation requires specific technical competencies. Training to acquire and retain such skills remains a challenge in thoracic anesthesia. Recent technological and innovative developments in the field of simulation have opened up exciting new horizons and possibilities. In this narrative review, we examine the latest development of existing training modalities while investigating, in particular, the use of emergent techniques such as virtual reality bronchoscopy simulation, virtual airway endoscopy, or the preoperative 3D printing of airways. The goal of this article is, therefore, to summarize the role of existing and future applications of training models/simulators and virtual reality simulators for training flexible bronchoscopy and lung isolation for thoracic anesthesia

El yacimiento arqueológico de Orpesa la Vella (Oropesa del Mar, Castellón). Resultados de las campañas de 2005 a 2008 y su contextualización

Tras un breve resumen de la primera etapa de intervenciones, se presentan los resultados de las campañas de excavación realizadas entre los años 2005 y 2008 en el yacimiento arqueológico de Orpesa la Vella (Oropesa del Mar, Plana Alta, Castellón). Finalmente se efectúa un ensayo de contextualización completa de la secuencia del yacimiento.First we present a brief summary of the interventions carried out previously in the archaeological site of Orpesa la Vella (Oropesa del Mar, Plana Alta, Castellón). Subsequently, the results of the excavation campaigns carried out between 2005 and 2008 are presented. Finally, we try to make a contextualization of the complete archaeological sequence

Selective T3-T4 sympathicotomy versus gray ramicotomy on outcome and quality of life in hyperhidrosis patients : a randomized clinical trial

Compensatory hyperhidrosis is the leading cause of patients' dissatisfaction after thoracic sympathicotomy. The study aimed to reduce compensatory hyperhidrosis to increase patients' satisfaction. A prospective randomized study on palmar hyperhidrosis, May 2016-September 2019. Twenty-one patients T3- T4 sympathicotomy and 21 T3- T4 gray ramicotomy. Data prospectively collected. Analysis at study's end. Focus on the sweating, temperature, quality of life baseline and postoperatively, compensatory hyperhidrosis, hand dryness, patients' satisfaction, and if they would undergo the procedure again and recommend it. No baseline differences between groups. Hyperhidrosis was controlled postoperatively in all patients. No mortality, serious complications, or recurrences. Sympathicotomy worse postoperative quality of life (49.05 (SD: 15.66, IR: 35.50-63.00) versus ramicotomy 24.30 (SD: 6.02, IR: 19.75-27.25). After ramicotomy, some residual sweating on the face, hands, and axillae. Compensatory sweating worse with sympathicotomy. Satisfaction higher with ramicotomy. Better results with ramicotomy than sympathicotomy regarding hand dryness, how many times a day the patients had to shower or change clothes, intention to undergo the procedure again or recommend it to somebody else, and how bothersome compensatory hyperhidrosis was. T3-T4 gray ramicotomy had better results than T3-T4 sympathicotomy, with less compensatory sweating and higher patients' satisfaction

Genetic Control of Reproductive Traits in Tomatoes Under High Temperature

[EN] Global climate change is increasing the range of temperatures that crop plants must face during their life cycle, giving negative effects to yields. In this changing scenario, understanding the genetic control of plant responses to a range of increasing temperature conditions is a prerequisite to developing cultivars with increased resilience. The current work reports the identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) involved in reproductive traits affected by temperature, such as the flower number (FLN) and fruit number (FRN) per truss and percentage of fruit set (FRS), stigma exsertion (SE), pollen viability (PV) and the incidence of the physiological disorder tipburn (TB). These traits were investigated in 168 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RIL) and 52 Introgression Lines (IL) derived from the cross between Solanum lycopersicum var. "MoneyMaker" and S. pimpinellifolium accession . Mapping populations were cultivated under increased temperature regimen conditions: T1 (25 degrees C day/21 degrees C night), T2 (30 degrees C day/25 degrees C night) and T3 (35 degrees C day/30 degrees C night). The increase in temperature drastically affected several reproductive traits, for example, FRS in Moneymaker was reduced between 75 and 87% at T2 and T3 when compared to T1, while several RILs showed a reduction of less than 50%. QTL analysis allowed the identification of genomic regions affecting these traits at different temperatures regimens. A total of 22 QTLs involved in reproductive traits at different temperatures were identified by multi-environmental QTL analysis and eight involved in pollen viability traits. Most QTLs were temperature specific, except QTLs on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12. Moreover, a QTL located in chromosome 7 was identified for low incidence of TP in the RIL population, which was confirmed in ILs with introgressions on chromosome 7. Furthermore, ILs with introgressions in chromosomes 1 and 12 had good FRN and FRS in T3 in replicated trials. These results represent a catalog of QTLs and pre-breeding materials that could be used as the starting point for deciphering the genetic control of the genetic response of reproductive traits at different temperatures and paving the road for developing new cultivars adapted to climate change.Sara Gimeno was supported by the program "Youth Employment Initiative" from the European Union and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. This work was supported by the European Commission H2020 research and innovation program through the TOMGEM project agreement No. 679796.Gonzalo, MJ.; Li, Y.; Chen, K.; Gil, D.; Montoro, T.; Nájera, I.; Baixauli, C.... (2020). Genetic Control of Reproductive Traits in Tomatoes Under High Temperature. Frontiers in Plant Science. 11:1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00326S11511Abdul-Baki, A. A. (1991). 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The Tomato Crop, 511-557. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3137-4_13Grilli, G. V. G., Braz, L. T., & Lemos, E. G. M. (2007). identification for tolerance to fruit set in tomato by fAFLP markers. Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 7(3), 234-241. doi:10.12702/1984-7033.v07n03a02Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Alam, M., Roychowdhury, R., & Fujita, M. (2013). Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Mechanisms of Heat Stress Tolerance in Plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14(5), 9643-9684. doi:10.3390/ijms14059643Jenni, S., Truco, M. J., & Michelmore, R. W. (2013). Quantitative trait loci associated with tipburn, heat stress-induced physiological disorders, and maturity traits in crisphead lettuce. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 126(12), 3065-3079. doi:10.1007/s00122-013-2193-7Kugblenu, Y. O., Oppong Danso, E., Ofori, K., Andersen, M. N., Abenney-Mickson, S., Sabi, E. B., … Jørgensen, S. T. (2013). Screening tomato genotypes for adaptation to high temperature in West Africa. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science, 63(6), 516-522. doi:10.1080/09064710.2013.813062Levy, A., Rabinowitch, H. D., & Kedar, N. (1978). Morphological and physiological characters affecting flower drop and fruit set of tomatoes at high temperatures. Euphytica, 27(1), 211-218. doi:10.1007/bf00039137Lin, K.-H., Yeh, W.-L., Chen, H.-M., & Lo, H.-F. (2010). Quantitative trait loci influencing fruit-related characteristics of tomato grown in high-temperature conditions. Euphytica, 174(1), 119-135. doi:10.1007/s10681-010-0147-6Lohar, D. ., & Peat, W. . (1998). Floral characteristics of heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars at high temperature. Scientia Horticulturae, 73(1), 53-60. doi:10.1016/s0304-4238(97)00056-3Macias-González, M., Truco, M. J., Bertier, L. D., Jenni, S., Simko, I., Hayes, R. J., & Michelmore, R. W. (2019). Genetic architecture of tipburn resistance in lettuce. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 132(8), 2209-2222. doi:10.1007/s00122-019-03349-6Meng, L., Li, H., Zhang, L., & Wang, J. (2015). QTL IciMapping: Integrated software for genetic linkage map construction and quantitative trait locus mapping in biparental populations. The Crop Journal, 3(3), 269-283. doi:10.1016/j.cj.2015.01.001Monforte, A. J., Friedman, E., Zamir, D., & Tanksley, S. D. (2001). Comparison of a set of allelic QTL-NILs for chromosome 4 of tomato: Deductions about natural variation and implications for germplasm utilization. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 102(4), 572-590. doi:10.1007/s001220051684Nahar, K., & Ullah, S. M. (2011). Effect of Water Stress on Moisture Content Distribution in Soil and Morphological Characters of Two Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) Cultivars. Journal of Scientific Research, 3(3), 677-682. doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7000Nahar, K., & Ullah, S. (2012). Morphological and Physiological Characters of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) Cultivars under Water Stress. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 37(2), 355-360. doi:10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11240Paupière, M. J., van Haperen, P., Rieu, I., Visser, R. G. F., Tikunov, Y. M., & Bovy, A. G. (2017). Screening for pollen tolerance to high temperatures in tomato. Euphytica, 213(6). doi:10.1007/s10681-017-1927-zPeet, M. M., Sato, S., & Gardner, R. G. (1998). Comparing heat stress effects on male-fertile and male-sterile tomatoes. Plant, Cell and Environment, 21(2), 225-231. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00281.xPowell, A. L. T., Nguyen, C. V., Hill, T., Cheng, K. L., Figueroa-Balderas, R., Aktas, H., … Bennett, A. B. (2012). Uniform ripening Encodes a Golden 2-like Transcription Factor Regulating Tomato Fruit Chloroplast Development. Science, 336(6089), 1711-1715. doi:10.1126/science.1222218Pressman, E., Harel, D., Zamski, E., Shaked, R., Althan, L., Rosenfeld, K., & Firon, N. (2006). The effect of high temperatures on the expression and activity of sucrose-cleaving enzymes during tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) anther development. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 81(3), 341-348. doi:10.1080/14620316.2006.11512071PRESSMAN, E. (2002). The Effect of Heat Stress on Tomato Pollen Characteristics is Associated with Changes in Carbohydrate Concentration in the Developing Anthers. Annals of Botany, 90(5), 631-636. doi:10.1093/aob/mcf240Rambla, J. L., Medina, A., Fernández-del-Carmen, A., Barrantes, W., Grandillo, S., Cammareri, M., … Granell, A. (2016). Identification, introgression, and validation of fruit volatile QTLs from a red-fruited wild tomato species. Journal of Experimental Botany, erw455. doi:10.1093/jxb/erw455Rick, C. M., & Dempsey, W. H. (1969). Position of the Stigma in Relation to Fruit Setting of the Tomato. Botanical Gazette, 130(3), 180-186. doi:10.1086/336488Ruggieri, V., Calafiore, R., Schettini, C., Rigano, M. 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Sugammadex, a neuromuscular blockade reversal agent, causes neuronal apoptosis in primary cultures.

Sugammadex, a γ-cyclodextrin that encapsulates selectively steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents, such as rocuronium or vecuronium, has changed the face of clinical neuromuscular pharmacology. Sugammadex allows a rapid reversal of muscle paralysis. Sugammadex appears to be safe and well tolerated. Its blood-brain barrier penetration is poor (< 3% in rats), and thus no relevant central nervous toxicity is expected. However the blood brain barrier permeability can be altered under different conditions (i.e. neurodegenerative diseases, trauma, ischemia, infections, or immature nervous system). Using MTT, confocal microscopy, caspase-3 activity, cholesterol quantification and Western-blot we determine toxicity of Sugammadex in neurons in primary culture. Here we show that clinically relevant sugammadex concentrations cause apoptotic/necrosis neuron death in primary cultures. Studies on the underlying mechanism revealed that sugammadex-induced activation of mitochondria- dependent apoptosis associates with depletion of neuronal cholesterol levels. Furthermore SUG increase CytC, AIF, Smac/Diablo and CASP-3 protein expression in cells in culture. Potential association of SUG-induced alteration in cholesterol homeostasis with oxidative stress and apoptosis activation occurs. Furthermore, resistance/sensitivity to oxidative stress differs between neuronal cell types

Clinical and Economic Evaluation after Adopting Contingent Cell-Free DNA Screening for Fetal Trisomies in South Spain.

Contingent cell-free (cf) DNA screening on the basis of the first-trimester combined test (FCT) results has emerged as a cost-effective strategy for screening of trisomy 21 (T21). Objectives: To assess performance, patients’ uptake, and cost of contingent cfDNA screening and to compare them with those of the established FCT. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study including all singleton pregnancies attending to their FCT for screening of T21 at 2 university hospitals in South Spain. When the FCT risk was ≥1:50, there were major fetal malformations, or the nuchal translucency was ≥3.5 mm, women were recommended invasive testing (IT); if the risk was between 1:50 and 1:270, women were recommended cfDNA testing; and for risks bellow 1:270, no further testing was recommended. Detection rate (DR), false-positive rate (FPR), patients’ uptake, and associated costs were evaluated. Results: We analyzed 10,541 women, including 46 T21 cases. DR of our contingent strategy was 89.1% (41/46) at 1.4% (146/10,541) FPR. Uptake of cfDNA testing was 91.2% (340/373), and overall IT rate was 2.0%. The total cost of our strategy was €1,462,895.7, similar to €1,446,525.7 had cfDNA testing not been available. Conclusions: Contingent cfDNA screening shows high DR, low IT rate, and high uptake at a similar cost than traditional screening.pre-print133 K

Identification of tomato accessions as source of new genes for improving heat tolerance: from controlled experiments to field

Background: Due to global warming, the search for new sources for heat tolerance and the identification of genes involved in this process has become an important challenge as of today. The main objective of the current research was to verify whether the heat tolerance determined in controlled greenhouse experiments could be a good predictor of the agronomic performance in field cultivation under climatic high temperature stress. Results: Tomato accessions were grown in greenhouse under three temperature regimes: control (T1), moderate (T2) and extreme heat stress (T3). Reproductive traits (flower and fruit number and fruit set) were used to define heat tolerance. In a first screening, heat tolerance was evaluated in 219 tomato accessions. A total of 51 accessions were identified as being potentially heat tolerant. Among those, 28 accessions, together with 10 accessions from Italy (7) and Bulgaria (3), selected for their heat tolerance in the field in parallel experiments, were re-evaluated at three temperature treatments. Sixteen tomato accessions showed a significant heat tolerance at T3, including five wild species, two traditional cultivars and four commercial varieties, one accession from Bulgaria and four from Italy. The 15 most promising accessions for heat tolerance were assayed in field trials in Italy and Bulgaria, confirming the good performance of most of them at high temperatures. Finally, a differential gene expression analysis in pre-anthesis (ovary) and post-anthesis (developing fruit) under heat stress among pairs of contrasting genotypes (tolerant and sensitive from traditional and modern groups) showed that the major differential responses were produced in post-anthesis fruit. The response of the sensitive genotypes included the induction of HSP genes, whereas the tolerant genotype response included the induction of genes involved in the regulation of hormones or enzymes such as abscisic acid and transferases. Conclusions: The high temperature tolerance of fifteen tomato accessions observed in controlled greenhouse experiments were confirmed in agronomic field experiments providing new sources of heat tolerance that could be incorporated into breeding programs. A DEG analysis showed the complex response of tomato to heat and deciphered the different mechanisms activated in sensitive and tolerant tomato accessions under heat stress

Identification of tomato accessions as source of new genes for improving heat tolerance: from controlled experiments to field

Background: Due to global warming, the search for new sources for heat tolerance and the identification of genes involved in this process has become an important challenge as of today. The main objective of the current research was to verify whether the heat tolerance determined in controlled greenhouse experiments could be a good predictor of the agronomic performance in field cultivation under climatic high temperature stress. Results: Tomato accessions were grown in greenhouse under three temperature regimes: control (T1), moderate (T2) and extreme heat stress (T3). Reproductive traits (flower and fruit number and fruit set) were used to define heat tolerance. In a first screening, heat tolerance was evaluated in 219 tomato accessions. A total of 51 accessions were identified as being potentially heat tolerant. Among those, 28 accessions, together with 10 accessions from Italy (7) and Bulgaria (3), selected for their heat tolerance in the field in parallel experiments, were re-evaluated at three temperature treatments. Sixteen tomato accessions showed a significant heat tolerance at T3, including five wild species, two traditional cultivars and four commercial varieties, one accession from Bulgaria and four from Italy. The 15 most promising accessions for heat tolerance were assayed in field trials in Italy and Bulgaria, confirming the good performance of most of them at high temperatures. Finally, a differential gene expression analysis in pre-anthesis (ovary) and post-anthesis (developing fruit) under heat stress among pairs of contrasting genotypes (tolerant and sensitive from traditional and modern groups) showed that the major differential responses were produced in post-anthesis fruit. The response of the sensitive genotypes included the induction of HSP genes, whereas the tolerant genotype response included the induction of genes involved in the regulation of hormones or enzymes such as abscisic acid and transferases. Conclusions: The high temperature tolerance of fifteen tomato accessions observed in controlled greenhouse experiments were confirmed in agronomic field experiments providing new sources of heat tolerance that could be incorporated into breeding programs. A DEG analysis showed the complex response of tomato to heat and deciphered the different mechanisms activated in sensitive and tolerant tomato accessions under heat stress