Using genetic variability available in the breeder's pool to engineer fruit quality

8 páginas, 1 figura, 2 tablas.-- This article is open-access.We substantiate here the opinion that experts in biotechnology and natural biodiversity can work together on the production of successive waves of next-gen GM fruit crops to improve organoleptic and nutritional quality and therefore generate wider public acceptance. In this scenario genetic engineering becomes a faster and more precise way of transferring genes of interest to fruit crop plants from the same or sexually compatible species (intra- or cisgenesis) than more traditional methods, such as MASPB. The availability of complete genome sequences for an increasing number of crop plants, as well as the results from genomics studies, can assist in the identification of gene-to-trait association. The next wave of GM crops will be able to take full advantage of a Synthetic Biology-based strategy in the development of new fruit varieties by using DNA not necessarily present in the breeder's pool for a wide range of applications. There are still a number of challenges which require attention, such as identifying genes and allelic forms associated with traits of interest and improving the precision and stability of the transferred DNA, etc.Peer reviewe

Effect of a common exercise programme with an individualised progression criterion based on the measurement of neuromuscular capacity versus current best practice for lower limb Tendinopathies (malaga trial) : a protocol for a randomised clinical trial

High-load resistance training has shown positive effects in pain and function in lower limb tendinopathies. However, some authors suggest that current exercise programmes produce an increase in tolerance to load and exercise in general but without fixing some existing issues in tendinopathy. This may indicate the need to include training aspects not currently taken into account in the current programmes. The main objective of this study will be to compare the effect of a common exercise protocol for the three predominant lower limb tendinopathies (Achilles, patellar and gluteal), based on an individualised control of the dose and training of specific aspects of the neuromuscular system versus the current best practice for each location

A Factor Linking Floral Organ Identity and Growth Revealed by Characterization of the Tomato Mutant unfinished flower development (ufd)

Floral organogenesis requires coordinated interactions between genes specifying floral organ identity and those regulating growth and size of developing floral organs. With the aim to isolate regulatory genes linking both developmental processes (i.e., floral organ identity and growth) in the tomato model species, a novel mutant altered in the formation of floral organs was further characterized. Under normal growth conditions, floral organ primordia of mutant plants were correctly initiated, however, they were unable to complete their development impeding the formation of mature and fertile flowers. Thus, the growth of floral buds was blocked at an early stage of development; therefore, we named this mutant as unfinished flower development (ufd). Genetic analysis performed in a segregating population of 543 plants showed that the abnormal phenotype was controlled by a single recessive mutation. Global gene expression analysis confirmed that several MADS-box genes regulating floral identity as well as other genes participating in cell division and different hormonal pathways were affected in their expression patterns in ufd mutant plants. Moreover, ufd mutant inflorescences showed higher hormone contents, particularly ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and strigol compared to wild type. Such results indicate that UFD may have a key function as positive regulator of the development of floral primordia once they have been initiated in the four floral whorls. This function should be performed by affecting the expression of floral organ identity and growth genes, together with hormonal signaling pathways.This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the EU European Regional Development Fund (Grants BIO2009-11484 and AGL2015-64991-C3-R-1). We also thank Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3) for providing financial support. AO is a recipient of a PhD fellowship from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (BIO2009-11484).Peer reviewedPeer Reviewe

Implementación de Herramienta Computacional para Predimensionar la Estructura de Galpones de Acero en España

[ES] Actualmente, el uso de software es un pilar básico en el cálculo estructural, sin embargo, para su correcta utilización es necesario contar con un nivel de conocimientos previos elevados y con tiempo suficiente para aportar los inputs exigidos para realizar un análisis en profundidad, tal como suelen llevar a cabo la mayoría de programas existentes. En este trabajo se busca dar respuesta a la problemática anterior presentando una herramienta computacional capaz de realizar un predimensionamiento de los miembros de la estructura de un galpón de acero de forma rápida y sencilla, sin exigir una gran formación previa al usuario. Dando así una alternativa viable para cuando no sea necesario realizar un análisis tan exacto y minucioso. Dicha herramienta tendrá como objeto de estudio una nave industrial ubicada en territorio español y se valdrá de la normativa de este país, junto con el método de matricial para realizar un análisis estructural en base Matlab.[EN] Nowadays, the use of sowftwares is a basic pillar in structural calculus; however, to use it in the right way it is necessary to have a high-level of previous knowledge and enough time to introduce the needed inputs in order to execute a deep analysis just like this type of computer programmes usually do. This project is further looking to give an answer to the problem exposed before by presenting a computational tool which is able to make a dimensioning of some members of the structure of a steel hangar in a fast and simply way, without demanding a great amount of previous knowledge by the user. Giving in that way a viable alternative for when doing an exact and into detail analysis is not needed. This tool would have as object of study a hangar located in the Spanish territory and it will use the structural code of this country. Additionally, the matrix stiffness method will be used in order to do a structural analysis using Matlab.Granell Cid, ÁA. (2020). Implementación de Herramienta Computacional para Predimensionar la Estructura de Galpones de Acero en España. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/162674TFG

Molecular and metabolic mechanisms associated with fleshy fruit quality

Funding to AF was provided by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT Investigator IF/00169/2015, PEst-OE/BIA/UI4046/2014). Research in the AG lab was supported by the EC H2020 Program:TRADITOM-634561 and TOMGEM679796 and networking activities by COST FA1106.Fortes, AM.; Granell Richart, A.; Pezzotti, M.; Bouzayen, M. (2017). Molecular and metabolic mechanisms associated with fleshy fruit quality. Frontiers in Plant Science. 8:6-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01236S6108Agudelo-Romero, P., Erban, A., Sousa, L., Pais, M. S., Kopka, J., & Fortes, A. M. (2013). Search for Transcriptional and Metabolic Markers of Grape Pre-Ripening and Ripening and Insights into Specific Aroma Development in Three Portuguese Cultivars. PLoS ONE, 8(4), e60422. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060422Fortes, A. M., & Gallusci, P. (2017). Plant Stress Responses and Phenotypic Plasticity in the Epigenomics Era: Perspectives on the Grapevine Scenario, a Model for Perennial Crop Plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 08. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00082Fortes, A., Teixeira, R., & Agudelo-Romero, P. (2015). Complex Interplay of Hormonal Signals during Grape Berry Ripening. Molecules, 20(5), 9326-9343. doi:10.3390/molecules20059326Liu, R., How-Kit, A., Stammitti, L., Teyssier, E., Rolin, D., Mortain-Bertrand, A., … Gallusci, P. (2015). A DEMETER-like DNA demethylase governs tomato fruit ripening. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(34), 10804-10809. doi:10.1073/pnas.150336211

Mediterranean Long Shelf-Life Landraces: An Untapped Genetic Resource for Tomato Improvement

[EN] The Mediterranean long shelf-life (LSL) tomatoes are a group of landraces with a fruit remaining sound up to 6¿12 months after harvest. Most have been selected under semi-arid Mediterranean summer conditions with poor irrigation or rain-fed and thus, are drought tolerant. Besides the convergence in the latter traits, local selection criteria have been very variable, leading to a wide variation in fruit morphology and quality traits. The different soil characteristics and agricultural management techniques across the Mediterranean denote also a wide range of plant adaptive traits to different conditions. Despite the notorious traits for fruit quality and environment adaptation, the LSL landraces have been poorly exploited in tomato breeding programs, which rely basically on wild tomato species. In this review, we describe most of the information currently available for Mediterranean LSL landraces in order to highlight the importance of this genetic resource. We focus on the origin and diversity, the main selective traits, and the determinants of the extended fruit shelf-life and the drought tolerance. Altogether, the Mediterranean LSL landraces are a very valuable heritage to be revalued, since constitutes an alternative source to improve fruit quality and shelf-life in tomato, and to breed for more resilient cultivars under the predicted climate change conditions.This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 727929 (TOMRES), No 634561 (TRADITOM) and No 679796 (TomGEM). Research has been also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) project AGL2013-42364-R (TOMDRO), and the Government of the Balearic Islands grants BIA20/07, BIA07/08, BIA09/12 and AAEE56/2015. MF-P has a pre-doctoral fellowship (FPI/1929/2016) granted by the Government of the Balearic Islands.Conesa, MA.; Fullana-Pericas, M.; Granell Richart, A.; Galmes, J. (2020). Mediterranean Long Shelf-Life Landraces: An Untapped Genetic Resource for Tomato Improvement. Frontiers in Plant Science. 10:1-21. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.0165112110Abenavoli, M. R., Longo, C., Lupini, A., Miller, A. J., Araniti, F., Mercati, F., … Sunseri, F. (2016). Phenotyping two tomato genotypes with different nitrogen use efficiency. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 107, 21-32. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.021Andreakis, N., Giordano, I., Pentangelo, A., Fogliano, V., Graziani, G., Monti, L. M., & Rao, R. (2004). DNA Fingerprinting and Quality Traits of Corbarino Cherry-like Tomato Landraces. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(11), 3366-3371. doi:10.1021/jf049963yArah, I. K., Amaglo, H., Kumah, E. K., & Ofori, H. (2015). 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Aroma map in European woodland strawberry

Woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca, 2x) is the diploid closest ancestor of the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ´ annassa, 8x) and the model species for genetic studies in the Fragaria genus. It is naturally distributed all across Europe and it is appreciated for their delicate aroma and flavor. Aiming to describe the genetic and organoleptic diversity of European woodland strawberry and decipher the genetic control of its characteristic volatile compounds, we have sequenced and metabolically-phenotyped a diverse collection of 199 geographically distant European accessions. The metabolic profiling of the lines includes a set of 100 unambiguosly identified volatiles. This study has revealed genetic and metabolic differences between subpopulations with different geographical origin. In addition, Genome Wide Association Analysis points to several candidate genetic regions controlling the accumulation of volatiles compounds sharing common biosynthetic pathways. Specifically, we have detected SNPs associated to the accumulation of methyl ketones and their corresponding alcohols mapping to a small region of chromosome 4 with a reduced set of candidate genes.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Tomato plants increase their tolerance to low temperature in a chilling acclimation process entailing comprehensive transcriptional and metabolic adjustments

43 p.-9 fig.Low temperature is a major environmental stress that seriously compromises plant development, distribution and productivity. Most crops are from tropical origin and, consequently, chilling sensitive. Interestingly, however, some tropical plants, are able to augment their chilling tolerance when previously exposed to suboptimal growth temperatures. Yet, the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying this adaptive process, termed chilling acclimation, still remain practically unknown. Here, we demonstrate that tomato plants can develop a chilling acclimation response, which includes comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolic adjustments leading to increased chilling tolerance. More important, our results reveal strong resemblances between this response and cold acclimation, the process whereby plants from temperate regions raise their freezing tolerance after exposure to low, non-freezing temperatures. Both chilling and cold acclimation are regulated by a similar set of transcription factors and hormones, and share common defence mechanisms, including the accumulation of compatible solutes, the mobilization of antioxidant systems and the rearrangement of the photosynthetic machinery. Nonetheless, we have found some important divergences that may account for the freezing sensitivity of tomato plants. The data reported in this manuscript should foster new research into the chilling acclimation response with the aim of improving tomato tolerance to low temperature.This work was supported by grants EUI2009-04074 and BIO2013-47788-R from MINECO to J.S., and EU H2020 TRADITOM (634561) and BIO2013-42193-R from MINECO to A.G.Peer reviewe