On closure operators and reflections in Goursat categories

By defining a closure operator on effective equivalence relations in a regular category $C$, it is possible to establish a bijective correspondence between these closure operators and the regular epireflective subcategories $L$ of $C$. When $C$ is an exact Goursat category this correspondence restricts to a bijection between the Birkhoff closure operators on effective equivalence relations and the Birkhoff subcategories of $C$. In this case it is possible to provide an explicit description of the closure, and to characterise the congruence distributive Goursat categories.Comment: 14 pages. Accepted for publication in "Rendiconti dell'Istituto Matematico di Trieste

Seasonal dynamics of algae-infecting viruses and their inferred interactions with protists

Viruses are a highly abundant, dynamic, and diverse component of planktonic communities that have key roles in marine ecosystems. We aimed to reveal the diversity and dynamics of marine large dsDNA viruses infecting algae in the Northern Skagerrak, South Norway through the year by metabarcoding, targeting the major capsid protein (MCP) and its correlation to protist diversity and dynamics. Metabarcoding results demonstrated a high diversity of algal viruses compared to previous metabarcoding surveys in Norwegian coastal waters. We obtained 313 putative algal virus operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), all classified by phylogenetic analyses to either the Phycodnaviridae or Mimiviridae families, most of them in clades without any cultured or environmental reference sequences. The viral community showed a clear temporal variation, with some vOTUs persisting for several months. The results indicate co-occurrences between abundant viruses and potential hosts during long periods. This study gives new insights into the virus-algal host dynamics and provides a baseline for future studies of algal virus diversity and temporal dynamics.publishedVersio

Overvåking av Ytre Oslofjord 2019-2023 - Årsrapport 2022

Prosjektleder: Anette EngesmoJordbruk var største enkeltkilde for tilførsler av menneskeskapt fosfor og nitrogen i 2021. Avløpsrenseanlegg bidro med ca. 19% av fosfortilførselen og 24% av nitrogentilførselen. Glomma har klart størst tilførsel av næringsstoffer til fjorden. Det ble gjennomført vannmasseovervåkning ved 17 stasjoner. Fire stasjoner i fjorden får god tilstand for vannmassene, mens 13 får moderat tilstand. Hovedsakelig dårlige oksygenforhold og høye verdier av næringssalter som trekker ned tilstanden. Løst organisk stoff forklarer mer av variabiliteten i siktdypet enn klorofyll-ɑ, men med store forskjeller mellom stasjoner. Året sett under ett var varmt og tørt og det var historisk lav vannføring elvene, noe som førte til unormalt høy saltholdighet i fjordarmene, spesielt gjaldt dette Drammenselva og Drammensfjorden.Fagrådet for Ytre OslofjordpublishedVersio

Tinjauan Yuridis terhadap Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Berencana yang dilakukan Secara Bersama-Sama di Kabupaten Gowa (Studi Putusan No. 190/Pid.B/2015/PN.Sgm)

Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Penerapan hukum pidana materiil dalam perkara terhadap tindak pidana pembunuhan berencana yang dilakukan secara bersama-sama di Kabupaten Gowa para terdakwa terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan adalah Pasal 340 KUHP Jo Pasal 55 Ayat (1) Ke-1 KUHP, (2) Pertimbangan hukum oleh hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan pidana terhadap pelaku pembunuhan berencana yang dilakukan secara bersama-sama dalam studi putusan No. 190/Pid.B/2015/PN.Sgm menyatakan terdakwa 1. Sele Bin Abbas Dg Rewa dan terdakwa 2. Abbas alias Abba Bin Arsyad terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana “Pembunuhan berencana secara bersama-sama” sebagaimana dakwaan primair penuntut umum; menjatuhkan pidana penjara terhadap terdakwa 1. Sele bin Abbas Dg Rewa selama 20 tahun dan terdakwa 2. Abbas alias Abba Bin Arsyad selama 10 tahun

El Estudio DiSA-UMH: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud de la Universidad Miguel Hernández

Introduction: Young adulthood is an important stage to establish dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors that could be linked to the long-term development of chronic diseases in later life. The 3 years follow-up prospective cohort DiSA-UMH study was set up with the main objectives of determining the nutritional status, lifestyle behaviors and health status, assessing the possible changes during the follow-up, and estimating their influence on the occurrence and development of chronic diseases.Material and Methods: Baseline information of 1204 health science students from Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH) aged between 17 and 35 years was collected during the period from 2006 to 2012. All the participants completed a general questionnaire divided into separate sections that included a food frequency questionnaire, specific questions on physical activity, tobacco consumption, nutritional labelling use, weight, height, health status, and questions about the diagnosis of several diseases. In order to validate self-reported data, several reliability/validity investigations with different subsamples were specifically conducted. After baseline questionnaire, students were asked to obtain anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples. To evaluate our assessment of dietary intake, between three and nine 24-hour recalls administered by telephone were conducted over one year.Results: The first follow-up period of 3-years finished in 2015 and the second 3-year follow-up period is still ongoing. Although the retention rates during these assessment periods were 59.2% and 52.2% respectively, the losses of follow-up happened in a random way because of characteristics of participants and non-participants during follow-up were similar.Introducción: La edad adulta es una etapa importante para el establecimiento de hábitos dietéticos y estilos de vida que pueden estar implicados en el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas posteriormente. El estudio de cohortes prospectivo con seguimiento a 3 años DiSA-UMH nació con el objetivo de determinar el estado nutricional, estilos de vida y la salud, evaluar los posibles cambios de estos durante el seguimiento y ver cómo influyen en la aparición y desarrollo enfermedades crónicas.Material y Métodos: La información basal de 1204 estudiantes de ciencias de la salud de entre 18 y 35 años de la Universidad Miguel Hernández fue recogida entre los años 2006 y 2012. Todos los participantes autocumplimentaron un cuestionario que incluía un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos, preguntas sobre actividad física, consumo de tabaco, alcohol, uso del etiquetado nutricional, peso, talla, tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica y estado de salud, así como preguntas sobre la presencia de diversas enfermedades. Con el fin de validar la información autoaportada, se realizaron específicamente diversos estudios de validación con diferentes submuestras. Tras el cuestionario basal, se les preguntó a los estudiantes para obtener medidas antropométricas y muestra de sangre en ayunas. Para valorar la evaluación de ingesta dietética se recogieron entre 3 y 9 recordatorios de 24 horas realizados por teléfono durante un año.Resultados: En 2015 finalizó el trabajo de campo del primer seguimiento de 3 años, estando aún en marcha el segundo periodo de 3 años de seguimiento. Aunque las tasas de retención durante estos periodos fueron de 59,2% y 52,2% respectivamente, las pérdidas de seguimiento se produjeron de forma aleatoria, ya que las características generales de los que participan y no participan en el seguimiento eran similares

Undersøkelse av hydrografiske og biologiske forhold i Indre Oslofjord Årsrapport 2021

Prosjektleder/Hovedforfatter André StaalstrømVannkvaliteten er moderat på alle målestasjonene i Indre Oslofjord, inkludert Drøbaksundet. Det var dypvannsfornyelse i Bunnefjorden i 2021, kun litt over to år etter forrige dypvannsfornyelse. NFR sitt nye dypvannsutslipp i Bunnefjorden har gitt signifikant mer vertikal omrøring, som sannsynligvis var medvirkende til at dypvannet ble fornyet tidligere enn forventet. Drøbakjetéen har en positiv virkning på den vertikale omrøringen i fjorden og må bevares. I november 2021 ble det observert den største planteplanktonoppblomstringen i Oslofjorden på flere tiår.publishedVersio

Overvåking av Ytre Oslofjord 2019-2023 - Årsrapport 2020

Prosjektleder Mats WaldayDenne rapporten sammenfatter resultatene av miljøovervåkingen i Ytre Oslofjord 2020. Det er gjennomført tilførselsberegninger for 2019. Jordbruk er største enkeltkilde for menneskeskapte tilførsler av fosfor og nitrogen til fjorden. Tilførsler fra befolkning utgjør om lag 25% av de totale tilførslene av både fosfor og nitrogen, og bidraget fra avløpsrenseanlegg ser ut til å ha økt noe i senere år. Videre ble det gjennomført vannmasseundersøkelser ved 17 stasjoner der hydrologiske forhold, samt fysiske, kjemiske og biologiske parametere ble undersøkt og klassifisert etter veileder 02:2018. Ni av stasjonene får moderat tilstand, mens resten får god. Undersøkelser og klassifisering av bløtbunnfauna på fem stasjoner viste god tilstand, unntatt i Drammensfjorden hvor den var moderat. I 2020 ble det også gjennomført SPI-undersøkelser i antatt trålpåvirkete områder ytterst i Ytre Oslofjord for å vurdere effekt av tråling på havbunnen. Analysen av SPI-bildene og overflatebildene viste i mange tilfeller forstyrrelser i sedimentet som antas kommer fra trålaktivitet.publishedVersio

Revisjon av kystvannsdelen av veileder 02:2018

Prosjektleder: Mats WaldayNIVA har på oppdrag fra Miljødirektoratet utført oppgaver relatert til kystvannsdelen av veileder 02:2018 «Klassifisering av miljøtilstand i vann». Rapporten gir en beskrivelse av gjennomført arbeid og en rekke konkrete innspill til revisjon av veilederen. Innspillene omfatter anbefalinger for både støtteparametere og de biologiske kvalitetselementene planteplankton, makroalger og bløtbunn. Det gis også anbefalinger om behov for videre arbeid med veilederen.MiljødirektoratetpublishedVersio

Folic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy and Its Association with Telomere Length in Children at Four Years: Results from the INMA Birth Cohort Study

This study examined the association between folic acid supplements (FAs) during different periods of pregnancy and offspring telomere length (TL) at age four in 666 children from the INMA study. FAs were self-reported using food-structured questionnaires during three periods of pregnancy (the first three months of pregnancy, from month fourth onward, and the whole pregnancy). For each period, the average daily dosage of FAs was categorised into (i) <400 μg/d, (ii) ≥400 to 999 μg/d, (iii) ≥1000 to 4999 μg/d, and (iv) ≥5000 μg/d. Leucocyte TL at age four was measured using quantitative PCR methods. Multiple robust linear log-level regression models were used to report the % difference among FA categories. During the first period, and compared with children whose mothers were classified in the reference group (<400 μg/d), children whose mothers took higher dosages of FAs showed shorter TL at age four (≥5000 μg/d). When the first and the second periods were mutually adjusted, children whose mothers self-reported ≥5000 μg/d during the first period of pregnancy had a statistically significant shorter TL than their counterparts (% difference: −7.28% [95% CI: −14.42 to −0.13]). Similar trends were observed for the whole period of pregnancy. When the analysis was stratified by sex, the association was more evident in boys (% difference: −13.5% [95% CI: −23.0 to −4.04]), whereas no association was observed in girls. This study suggests that high dosages of FAs in the first pregnancy period may be associated with a shorter TL in children at age four, particularly among boys. Further studies should confirm these results.This research was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III/Agencia Estatal de Investigación, grant number PI18/00825 Project: “Dieta y actividad física en embarazo y tras el nacimiento y longitud del telómero en niños y adolescentes: Proyecto TeloDiPA” and Unión Europea (FEDER) “Una manera de hacer Europa”; PI07/0314, PI11/01007 incl. FEDER funds; Generalitat Valenciana (GVA/2021/191); Dries Martens holds a postdoctoral grant by the Flemish Scientific Fund (FWO grant 12X9620N). In Sabadell was funded by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176; CB06/02/0041; PI041436; PI081151 incl. FEDER funds; PI12/01890 incl. FEDER funds; CP13/00054 incl. FEDER funds, PI15/00118 incl. FEDER funds, CPII18/00018), CIBERESP, Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241, Generalitat de Catalunya-AGAUR (2009 SGR 501, 2014 SGR 822), Fundació La marató de TV3 (090430), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2012-32991 incl. FEDER funds), Agence Nationale de Securite Sanitaire de l’Alimentation de l’Environnement et du Travail (1262C0010), EU Commission (261357, 308333, 603794 and 634453). We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the State Research Agency through the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019–2023” Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. In Asturias was funded by ISCIII: PI04/2018, PI09/02311, PI13/02429, PI18/00909 co-funded by FEDER, “A way to make Europe”/“Investing in your future”, Obra Social Cajastur/Fundación Liberbank, and Universidad de Oviedo. This study was funded by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS-PI06/0867 and FIS-PI09/00090), CIBERESP, Department of Health of the Basque Government (2005111093, 2009111069 and 2013111089), and the Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG06/002 and DFG08/001) and annual agreements with the municipalities of the study area (Zumarraga, Urretxu, Legazpi, Azkoitia y Azpeitia y Beasain). Jordi Julvez holds the Miguel Servet-II contract (CPII19/00015) awarded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (co-funded by the European Social Fund “Investing in your future”)