Comparison of Local Sclerotherapy With Lauromacrogol Versus Nasal Packing in the Treatment of Anterior Epistaxis

Objectives Epistaxis is one of the most common otorhinolaryngologic emergencies representing more than 12% of conditions managed at the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Emergency Consulting Room of our Otorhinolaryngologic Unit each year. The elevated frequency of this pathology makes it necessary to adopt the most effective and least expensive therapeutic strategy available. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, costs and morbidity of nasal packing (NP), which is the mainstay of treatment for anterior epistaxis in our ENT Emergency Consulting Room versus submucosal infiltrations of lauromacrogol (LA). Methods A retrospective study was designed from August 2012 to April 2013 involving 53 patients suffering from anterior epistaxis. Anterior NP was used in 27 patients versus 26 patients undergoing 27 procedures performed with submucosal infiltrations of LA (or polidocanol). Outcomes for each treatment were evaluated. Patients in group 1 were treated with LA 400 injection next to the bleeding point: 0.5- to 1-mL single or multiple infiltrations with a 27-gauge needle. The whitening of the nasal mucosa around the bleeding point during infiltration was considered a marker of correct procedure in order to achieve the best results. Bilateral treatment was also performed at the same time. Patients in group 2 were treated with standard NP. Results Bleeding recurrence was higher in the NP group even if it was not statistically significant (P=0.2935). However, the LA infiltrations were better tolerated with lower morbidity and costs as compared to NP. No complications were observed in either group. Conclusion LA infiltrations were shown to be a viable alternative in anterior epistaxis treatment. They are safe, easy to use with good efficacy and have a low cost

Molecular and Microbiological Insights on the Enrichment Procedures for the Isolation of Petroleum Degrading Bacteria and Fungi

Autochthonous bioaugmentation, by exploiting the indigenous microorganisms of the contaminated environment to be treated, can represent a successful bioremediation strategy. In this perspective, we have assessed by molecular methods the evolution of bacterial and fungal communities during the selective enrichment on different pollutants of a soil strongly polluted by mixtures of aliphatic and polycyclic hydrocarbons. Three consecutive enrichments were carried out on soil samples from different soil depths (0–1, 1–2, 2–3 m), and analyzed at each step by means of high-throughput sequencing of bacterial and fungal amplicons biomarkers. At the end of the enrichments, bacterial and fungal contaminants degrading strains were isolated and identified in order to (i) compare the composition of enriched communities by culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods and to (ii) obtain a collection of hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms potentially exploitable for soil bioremediation. Molecular results highlighted that for both bacteria and fungi the pollutant had a partial shaping effect on the enriched communities, with paraffin creating distinct enriched bacterial community from oil, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons generally overlapping; interestingly neither the soil depth or the enrichment step had significant effects on the composition of the final enriched communities. Molecular analyses well-agreed with culture-dependent analyses in terms of most abundant microbial genera. A total of 95 bacterial and 94 fungal strains were isolated after selective enrichment procedure on different pollutants. On the whole, isolated bacteria where manly ascribed to Pseudomonas genus followed by Sphingobacterium, Bacillus, Stenothrophomonas, Achromobacter, and Serratia. As for fungi, Fusarium was the most abundant genus followed by Trichoderma and Aspergillus. The species comprising more isolates, such as Pseudomonas putida, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Ochromobactrum anthropi for bacteria, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani for fungi, were also the dominant OTUs assessed in Illumina

Sense of smell in chronic rhinosinusitis: A multicentric study on 811 patients

Introduction: The impairment of the sense of smell is often related to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps (CRSwNP, CRSsNP). CRSwNP is a frequent condition that drastically worsens the quality of life of those affected; it has a higher prevalence than CRSsNP. CRSwNP patients experience severe loss of smell with earlier presentation and are more likely to experience recurrence of their symptoms, often requiring revision surgery. Methods: The present study performed a multicentric data collection, enrolling 811 patients with CRS divided according to the inflammatory endotype (Type 2 and non-Type 2). All patients were referred for nasal endoscopy for the assessment of nasal polyposis using nasal polyp score (NPS); Sniffin' Sticks olfactory test were performed to measure olfactory function, and SNOT-22 (22-item sinonasal outcome test) questionnaire was used to assess patients' quality of life; allergic status was evaluated with skin prick test and nasal cytology completed the evaluation when available. Results: Data showed that Type 2 inflammation is more common than non-type 2 (656 patients versus 155) and patients suffer from worse quality of life and nasal polyp score. Moreover, 86.1% of patients with Type 2 CRSwNP were affected by a dysfunction of the sense of smell while it involved a lesser percentage of non-Type 2 patients. Indeed, these data give us new information about type-2 inflammation patients' characteristics. Discussion: The present study confirms that olfactory function weights on patients' QoL and it represents an important therapeutic goal that can also improve patients' compliance when achieved. In a future - and present - perspective of rhinological precision medicine, an impairment of the sense of smell could help the clinician to characterize patients better and to choose the best treatment available

Diagnostic therapeutic assistance pathway (PDTA) of type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder whose etiopathogenetic picture is not yet completely known and is classically divided into CRS with (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). But today the distinction is made with type 2 and nontype 2 variants. A rational and defined pathway for the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis is an indispensable means to be able to arrive at a correct identification of the patient. This typing is essential to be able to arrive at the correct course of treatment, which turns out to be different for different types of patients. For this reason, the realization of a diagnostic therapeutic pathway represents a fundamental way for the otolaryngologist specialist but not only, since today diagnostics has a multidisciplinary framework. In the present work, precise indications have been developed to arrive at a correct diagnosis. The various diagnostic pathways and processes to arrive at a correct therapeutic framing have been highlighted. Therapy ranging from medical therapy to surgical therapy without neglecting the new biological therapies. It does not represent a guideline but a diagnostic method that can be adapted to all the various territorial realities

Regional food trade and policy in West Africa in relation to structural adjustment

Drell-Yan lepton pairs are produced in the process $p\bar{p} \rightarrow e^+e^- + X$ through an intermediate $\gamma^*/Z$ boson. The lepton angular distributions are used to provide information on the electroweak-mixing parameter $sin^2\theta_W$ via its observable effective-leptonic $sin^2\theta_W$, or $sin^2\theta^{lept}_{eff}$. A new method to infer $sin^2\theta_W$, or equivalently, the W-boson mass M_W, is developed and tested using a previous CDF Run II measurement of angular distributions from electron pairs in a sample corresponding to 2.1 fb-1 of integrated luminosity from $p\bar{p}$ collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV. The value of $sin^2\theta^{lept}_{eff}$ is found to be 0.2328 +- 0.0011. Within a specified context of the standard model, this results in $sin^2\theta_W$ = 0.2246 +- 0.0011 which corresponds to a W-boson mass of 80.297 +- 0.055 GeV/c^2, in agreement with previous determinations in electron-position collisions and at the Tevatron collider

Fatigue behavior of non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave and multi-layer plain weave E-glass reinforced composites

The paper studies tension-tension fatigue behavior of a single-ply non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave E-glass composite and of a laminated composite reinforced with four plies of a standard plain weave fabric. Both composites have same total thickness and very close fiber volume fraction. The paper presents the description of the materials, the results of quasi-static tensile and of tension-tension fatigue tests, including the damage development during fatigue tensile loading. The non-crimp 3D woven fabric composite, loaded in both principal in-plane directions (warp and fill), shows the best quasi-static tensile properties and, when loaded in the fill direction, exhibits much longer fatigue life than its laminated plain weave counterpart. During both quasi-static and fatigue loading, the latest damage initiation is observed for the 3D woven composite in both in-plane directions. The PW laminate develops delamination between the plies for each maximum stress in the cycle considered. Contrary to that, the 3D composite is not affected by delamination neither under quasi-static nor under fatigue loading conditions.status: publishe

Effects of pre‐operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05-1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4-7 days or >= 8 days of 1.25 (1.04-1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11-1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care

Erratum: Indirect measurement of sin\u2061^{2}\u3b8_{W} (M_{W}) using e+e- pairs in the Z-boson region with pp\uaf collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96\ua0TeV [Phys. Rev. D 88, 072002 (2013)]

none411noneT. Aaltonen;S. Amerio;D. Amidei;A. Anastassov;A. Annovi;J. Antos;G. Apollinari;J. A. Appel;T. Arisawa;A. Artikov;J. Asaadi;W. Ashmanskas;B. Auerbach;A. Aurisano;F. Azfar;W. Badgett;T. Bae;A. Barbaro-Galtieri;V. E. Barnes;B. A. Barnett;P. Barria;P. Bartos;M. Bauce;F. Bedeschi;S. Behari;G. Bellettini;J. Bellinger;D. Benjamin;A. Beretvas;A. Bhatti;K. R. Bland;B. Blumenfeld;A. Bocci;A. Bodek;D. Bortoletto;J. Boudreau;A. Boveia;L. Brigliadori;C. Bromberg;E. Brucken;J. Budagov;H. S. Budd;K. Burkett;G. Busetto;P. Bussey;P. Butti;A. Buzatu;A. Calamba;S. Camarda;M. Campanelli;F. Canelli;B. Carls;D. Carlsmith;R. Carosi;S. Carrillo;B. Casal;M. Casarsa;A. Castro;P. Catastini;D. Cauz;V. Cavaliere;M. Cavalli-Sforza;A. Cerri;L. Cerrito;Y. C. Chen;M. Chertok;G. Chiarelli;G. Chlachidze;K. Cho;D. Chokheli;M. A. Ciocci;A. Clark;C. Clarke;M. E. Convery;J. Conway;M. Corbo;M. Cordelli;C. A. Cox;D. J. Cox;M. Cremonesi;D. Cruz;J. Cuevas;R. Culbertson;N. d'Ascenzo;M. Datta;P. D. Barbaro;L. 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Kamon;P. E. Karchin;A. Kasmi;Y. Kato;W. Ketchum;J. Keung;B. Kilminster;D. H. Kim;H. S. Kim;J. E. Kim;M. J. Kim;S. B. Kim;S. H. Kim;Y. J. Kim;Y. K. Kim;N. Kimura;M. Kirby;K. Knoepfel;K. Kondo;D. J. Kong;J. Konigsberg;A. V. Kotwal;M. Kreps;J. Kroll;M. Kruse;T. Kuhr;M. Kurata;A. T. Laasanen;S. Lammel;M. Lancaster;K. Lannon;G. Latino;H. S. Lee;J. S. Lee;S. Leo;S. Leone;J. D. Lewis;A. Limosani;E. Lipeles;A. Lister;H. Liu;Q. Liu;T. Liu;S. Lockwitz;A. Loginov;A. Luca;D. Lucchesi;J. Lueck;P. Lujan;P. Lukens;G. Lungu;J. Lys;R. Lysak;R. Madrak;P. Maestro;S. Malik;G. Manca;A. Manousakis-Katsikakis;F. Margaroli;P. Marino;M. Martinez;K. Matera;M. E. Mattson;A. Mazzacane;P. Mazzanti;R. McNulty;A. Mehta;P. Mehtala;C. Mesropian;T. Miao;D. Mietlicki;A. Mitra;H. Miyake;S. Moed;N. Moggi;C. S. Moon;R. Moore;M. J. Morello;A. Mukherjee;T. Muller;P. Murat;M. Mussini;J. Nachtman;Y. Nagai;J. Naganoma;I. Nakano;A. Napier;J. Nett;C. Neu;T. Nigmanov;L. Nodulman;S. Y. Noh;O. Norniella;L. Oakes;S. H. Oh;Y. D. Oh;I. Oksuzian;T. Okusawa;R. Orava;L. Ortolan;C. Pagliarone;E. Palencia;P. Palni;V. Papadimitriou;W. Parker;G. Pauletta;M. Paulini;C. Paus;T. J. Phillips;G. Piacentino;E. Pianori;J. Pilot;K. Pitts;C. Plager;L. Pondrom;S. Poprocki;K. Potamianos;A. Pranko;F. Prokoshin;F. Ptohos;G. Punzi;N. Ranjan;I. R. Fernandez;P. Renton;M. Rescigno;F. Rimondi;L. Ristori;A. Robson;T. Rodriguez;S. Rolli;M. Ronzani;R. Roser;J. L. Rosner;F. Ruffini;A. Ruiz;J. Russ;V. Rusu;W. K. Sakumoto;Y. Sakurai;L. Santi;K. Sato;V. Saveliev;A. Savoy-Navarro;P. Schlabach;E. E. Schmidt;T. Schwarz;L. Scodellaro;F. Scuri;S. Seidel;Y. Seiya;A. Semenov;F. Sforza;S. Z. Shalhout;T. Shears;P. F. Shepard;M. Shimojima;M. Shochet;I. Shreyber-Tecker;A. Simonenko;P. Sinervo;K. Sliwa;J. R. Smith;F. D. Snider;H. Song;V. Sorin;M. Stancari;R. S. Denis;B. Stelzer;O. Stelzer-Chilton;D. Stentz;J. Strologas;Y. Sudo;A. Sukhanov;I. Suslov;K. Takemasa;Y. Takeuchi;J. Tang;M. Tecchio;P. K. Teng;J. Thom;E. Thomson;V. Thukral;D. Toback;S. Tokar;K. Tollefson;T. Tomura;D. Tonelli;S. Torre;D. Torretta;P. Totaro;M. Trovato;F. Ukegawa;S. Uozumi;F. Vazquez;G. Velev;C. Vellidis;C. Vernieri;M. Vidal;R. Vilar;J. Vizan;M. Vogel;G. Volpi;P. Wagner;R. Wallny;S. M. Wang;A. Warburton;D. Waters;W. C. Wester;D. Whiteson;A. B. Wicklund;S. Wilbur;H. H. Williams;J. S. Wilson;P. Wilson;B. L. Winer;P. Wittich;S. Wolbers;H. Wolfe;T. Wright;X. Wu;Z. Wu;K. Yamamoto;D. Yamato;T. Yang;U. K. Yang;Y. C. Yang;W. M. Yao;G. P. Yeh;K. Yi;J. Yoh;K. Yorita;T. Yoshida;G. B. Yu;I. Yu;A. M. Zanetti;Y. Zeng;C. Zhou;S. ZucchelliT., Aaltonen; Amerio, Silvia; D., Amidei; A., Anastassov; A., Annovi; J., Antos; G., Apollinari; J. A., Appel; T., Arisawa; A., Artikov; J., Asaadi; W., Ashmanskas; B., Auerbach; A., Aurisano; F., Azfar; W., Badgett; T., Bae; A., Barbaro Galtieri; V. E., Barnes; B. A., Barnett; P., Barria; P., Bartos; M., Bauce; F., Bedeschi; S., Behari; G., Bellettini; J., Bellinger; D., Benjamin; A., Beretvas; A., Bhatti; K. R., Bland; B., Blumenfeld; A., Bocci; A., Bodek; D., Bortoletto; J., Boudreau; A., Boveia; L., Brigliadori; C., Bromberg; E., Brucken; J., Budagov; H. S., Budd; K., Burkett; Busetto, Giovanni; P., Bussey; P., Butti; A., Buzatu; A., Calamba; S., Camarda; M., Campanelli; F., Canelli; B., Carls; D., Carlsmith; R., Carosi; S., Carrillo; B., Casal; M., Casarsa; A., Castro; P., Catastini; D., Cauz; V., Cavaliere; M., Cavalli Sforza; A., Cerri; L., Cerrito; Y. C., Chen; M., Chertok; G., Chiarelli; G., Chlachidze; K., Cho; D., Chokheli; M. A., Ciocci; A., Clark; C., Clarke; M. E., Convery; J., Conway; M., Corbo; M., Cordelli; C. A., Cox; D. J., Cox; M., Cremonesi; D., Cruz; J., Cuevas; R., Culbertson; N., D'Ascenzo; M., Datta; P. D., Barbaro; L., Demortier; M., Deninno; M., D'Errico; F., Devoto; A. D., Canto; B. D., Ruzza; J. R., Dittmann; M., D'Onofrio; S., Donati; M., Dorigo; A., Driutti; K., Ebina; R., Edgar; A., Elagin; R., Erbacher; S., Errede; B., Esham; R., Eusebi; S., Farrington; J. P., F.; R., Field; G., Flanagan; R., Forrest; M., Franklin; J. C., Freeman; H., Frisch; Y., Funakoshi; A. F., Garfinkel; P., Garosi; H., Gerberich; E., Gerchtein; S., Giagu; V., Giakoumopoulou; K., Gibson; C. M., Ginsburg; N., Giokaris; P., Giromini; G., Giurgiu; V., Glagolev; D., Glenzinski; M., Gold; D., Goldin; A., Golossanov; G., Gomez; G., Gomez Ceballos; M., Goncharov; O. G., Lopez; I., Gorelov; A. T., Goshaw; K., Goulianos; E., Gramellini; S., Grinstein; C., Grosso Pilcher; R. C., Group; J. G., Da; S. R., Hahn; J. Y., Han; F., Happacher; K., Hara; M., Hare; R. F., Harr; T., Harrington Taber; K., Hatakeyama; C., Hays; J., Heinrich; M., Herndon; A., Hocker; Z., Hong; W., Hopkins; S., Hou; R. E., Hughes; U., Husemann; M., Hussein; J., Huston; G., Introzzi; M., Iori; A., Ivanov; E., James; D., Jang; B., Jayatilaka; E. J., Jeon; S., Jindariani; M., Jones; K. K., Joo; S. Y., Jun; T. R., Junk; M., Kambeitz; T., Kamon; P. E., Karchin; A., Kasmi; Y., Kato; W., Ketchum; J., Keung; B., Kilminster; D. H., Kim; H. S., Kim; J. E., Kim; M. J., Kim; S. B., Kim; S. H., Kim; Y. J., Kim; Y. K., Kim; N., Kimura; M., Kirby; K., Knoepfel; K., Kondo; D. J., Kong; J., Konigsberg; A. V., Kotwal; M., Kreps; J., Kroll; M., Kruse; T., Kuhr; M., Kurata; A. T., Laasanen; S., Lammel; M., Lancaster; K., Lannon; G., Latino; H. S., Lee; J. S., Lee; S., Leo; S., Leone; J. D., Lewis; A., Limosani; E., Lipeles; A., Lister; H., Liu; Q., Liu; T., Liu; S., Lockwitz; A., Loginov; A., Luca; Lucchesi, Donatella; J., Lueck; P., Lujan; P., Lukens; G., Lungu; J., Lys; R., Lysak; R., Madrak; P., Maestro; S., Malik; G., Manca; A., Manousakis Katsikakis; F., Margaroli; P., Marino; M., Martinez; K., Matera; M. E., Mattson; A., Mazzacane; P., Mazzanti; R., Mcnulty; A., Mehta; P., Mehtala; C., Mesropian; T., Miao; D., Mietlicki; A., Mitra; H., Miyake; S., Moed; N., Moggi; C. S., Moon; R., Moore; M. J., Morello; A., Mukherjee; T., Muller; P., Murat; M., Mussini; J., Nachtman; Y., Nagai; J., Naganoma; I., Nakano; A., Napier; J., Nett; C., Neu; T., Nigmanov; L., Nodulman; S. Y., Noh; O., Norniella; L., Oakes; S. H., Oh; Y. D., Oh; I., Oksuzian; T., Okusawa; R., Orava; L., Ortolan; C., Pagliarone; E., Palencia; P., Palni; V., Papadimitriou; W., Parker; G., Pauletta; M., Paulini; C., Paus; T. J., Phillips; G., Piacentino; E., Pianori; J., Pilot; K., Pitts; C., Plager; L., Pondrom; S., Poprocki; K., Potamianos; A., Pranko; F., Prokoshin; F., Ptohos; G., Punzi; N., Ranjan; I. R., Fernandez; P., Renton; M., Rescigno; F., Rimondi; L., Ristori; A., Robson; T., Rodriguez; S., Rolli; M., Ronzani; R., Roser; J. L., Rosner; F., Ruffini; A., Ruiz; J., Russ; V., Rusu; W. K., Sakumoto; Y., Sakurai; L., Santi; K., Sato; V., Saveliev; A., Savoy Navarro; P., Schlabach; E. E., Schmidt; T., Schwarz; L., Scodellaro; F., Scuri; S., Seidel; Y., Seiya; A., Semenov; F., Sforza; S. Z., Shalhout; T., Shears; P. F., Shepard; M., Shimojima; M., Shochet; I., Shreyber Tecker; A., Simonenko; P., Sinervo; K., Sliwa; J. R., Smith; F. D., Snider; H., Song; V., Sorin; M., Stancari; R. S., Denis; B., Stelzer; O., Stelzer Chilton; D., Stentz; J., Strologas; Y., Sudo; A., Sukhanov; I., Suslov; K., Takemasa; Y., Takeuchi; J., Tang; M., Tecchio; P. K., Teng; J., Thom; E., Thomson; V., Thukral; D., Toback; S., Tokar; K., Tollefson; T., Tomura; D., Tonelli; S., Torre; D., Torretta; P., Totaro; M., Trovato; F., Ukegawa; S., Uozumi; F., Vazquez; G., Velev; C., Vellidis; C., Vernieri; M., Vidal; R., Vilar; J., Vizan; M., Vogel; G., Volpi; P., Wagner; R., Wallny; S. M., Wang; A., Warburton; D., Waters; W. C., Wester; D., Whiteson; A. B., Wicklund; S., Wilbur; H. H., Williams; J. S., Wilson; P., Wilson; B. L., Winer; P., Wittich; S., Wolbers; H., Wolfe; T., Wright; X., Wu; Z., Wu; K., Yamamoto; D., Yamato; T., Yang; U. K., Yang; Y. C., Yang; W. M., Yao; G. P., Yeh; K., Yi; J., Yoh; K., Yorita; T., Yoshida; G. B., Yu; I., Yu; A. M., Zanetti; Y., Zeng; C., Zhou; S., Zucchell