Women\u27s Marital Roles in Classical Athens: Male Understanding and Portrayal in Aeschylus\u27 Agamemnon and Euripides\u27 Medea

Abstract The Classical Period of Athens (500-336 BCE) was an era of sociocultural growth and stability for the ancient Greeks, renowned for its development of tragic theatre. While Classical Athens nurtured the public sociocultural success of male citizens, women adopted a submissive role, confined to their marital responsibilities. Women were forbidden from directly taking part in politics, philosophy, and above all, the theatrical scene of Athens. Due to these societal perceptions of traditional gender roles, the literature of the Classical Period was heavily influenced by a male bias. This study investigates the connections between women’s role in Classical Athenian society and the portrayal of female literary characters in tragic theatre by male playwrights. The use of stage costumes, characterization, and narrative of female characters in Euripides’ Classical tragic play Medea was analyzed to determine if male societal perceptions of women in Greek society influenced the structure of female characters. Through these analyses, it was determined that male bias and traditional gender roles of women in Athenian society established four prominent stereotypes in female dramatic characters: the femme fatale, the conspirator, the victim, and the villain. Tragic theatre was a vital pillar of ancient Greek history, so contemporary understanding of the reality of roles of women in Classical society are undeniably influenced by a male bias.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/uresposters/1440/thumbnail.jp

Efficient Screening of Long Oligonucleotides Against Hundred Thousands of SARS-CoV-2 Genome Sequences

An unprecedented use of high-throughput sequencing for routine monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 viruses in patient samples has created a dataset of over 6 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes. To monitor genomes, deposited in the GISAID database, and to track the continuous sequence evolution of molecular assay oligonucleotide target sequences. A simple pipeline tool for non-experts was developed to mine this database for nucleotide changes in oligonucleotides and tested with the long oligonucleotides of a Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) gene of the SARS-CoV-2. Results indicate the emergence of a single nucleotide change in the reverse oligonucleotide from 0.03 to 26.23% (January to May 2021) in Alpha variant genomes, which however reduced to 17.64% by September after which the Alpha variant was completely displaced by the Delta variant. For all other variants, no relevant nucleotide changes were observed. The oligonucleotide screening pipeline allows efficient screening of nucleotide changes in oligonucleotides of all sizes in minutes

Efficient Screening of Long Oligonucleotides Against Hundred Thousands of SARS-CoV-2 Genome Sequences

An unprecedented use of high-throughput sequencing for routine monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 viruses in patient samples has created a dataset of over 6 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes. To monitor genomes, deposited in the GISAID database, and to track the continuous sequence evolution of molecular assay oligonucleotide target sequences. A simple pipeline tool for non-experts was developed to mine this database for nucleotide changes in oligonucleotides and tested with the long oligonucleotides of a Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) gene of the SARS-CoV-2. Results indicate the emergence of a single nucleotide change in the reverse oligonucleotide from 0.03 to 26.23% (January to May 2021) in Alpha variant genomes, which however reduced to 17.64% by September after which the Alpha variant was completely displaced by the Delta variant. For all other variants, no relevant nucleotide changes were observed. The oligonucleotide screening pipeline allows efficient screening of nucleotide changes in oligonucleotides of all sizes in minutes

Signs of the legal regulation of bodies supporting enforcement of economic and other courts in the Soviet period

У статті визначено характерні ознаки правового регулювання діяльності органів, що забезпечували виконання рішень арбітражних та інших судів у радянський період. Названо основні нормативні акти радянського періоду. Виділено характеристики, що можна буде використати при модернізації сучасного українського законодавства.Typical signs of legal regulation of the authorities activities, which ensured enforcement of decisions arbitration and other courts in the Soviet period, have been identified in the article. The basic regulations acts of the Soviet period were identified. Characteristics, that can be used in modernization Ukrainian modern legislation, were allocated

Mitotic figure recognition: Agreement among pathologists and computerized detector

Abstract. Despite the prognostic importance of mitotic count as one of the components of the Bloom -Richardson grad

Comparative Analysis of Measures of Viral Reservoirs in HIV-1 Eradication Studies

HIV-1 reservoirs preclude virus eradication in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The best characterized reservoir is a small, difficult-to-quantify pool of resting memory CD4+ T cells carrying latent but replication-competent viral genomes. Because strategies targeting this latent reservoir are now being tested in clinical trials, well-validated high-throughput assays that quantify this reservoir are urgently needed. Here we compare eleven different approaches for quantitating persistent HIV-1 in 30 patients on HAART, using the original viral outgrowth assay for resting CD4+ T cells carrying inducible, replication-competent viral genomes as a standard for comparison. PCR-based assays for cells containing HIV-1 DNA gave infected cell frequencies at least 2 logs higher than the viral outgrowth assay, even in subjects who started HAART during acute/early infection. This difference may reflect defective viral genomes. The ratio of infected cell frequencies determined by viral outgrowth and PCR-based assays varied dramatically between patients. Although strong correlations with the viral outgrowth assay could not be formally excluded for most assays, correlations achieved statistical significance only for integrated HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and HIV-1 RNA/DNA ratio in rectal CD4+ T cells. Residual viremia was below the limit of detection in many subjects and did not correlate with the viral outgrowth assays. The dramatic differences in infected cell frequencies and the lack of a precise correlation between culture and PCR-based assays raise the possibility that the successful clearance of latently infected cells may be masked by a larger and variable pool of cells with defective proviruses. These defective proviruses are detected by PCR but may not be affected by reactivation strategies and may not require eradication to accomplish an effective cure. A molecular understanding of the discrepancy between infected cell frequencies measured by viral outgrowth versus PCR assays is an urgent priority in HIV-1 cure research

The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure

Exceedance of critical loads and of critical limits impacts tree nutrition across Europe

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