KONSTRUKSI MORFOSINTAKSIS AFIKS PERSONA SUBJEK, PERSONA OBJEK DAN PENANDA KEPEMILIKAN BAHASA TOBATI DI KOTA JAYAPURA

Bahasa Tobati adalah salah satu bahasa yang sudah di ambang kepunahan. Pengaruh masuknya berbagai perubahan menjadi faktor utama punahnya bahasa tersebut. Penelitian ini dapat menjadi usaha terakhir pemertahanan bahasa Tobati agar terhindar dari kepunahan. Bahasa Tobati dikelompokkan dalam bahasa Austronesia Dua dengan ciri memiliki penanda-penanda yang berbentuk afiks termasuk pula afiks persona subjek dan objek. Afiks persona subjek dan kalanya melekat pada verba, dengan afiks persona subjek berbentuk prefiks dan afiks persona objek berbentuk sufiks. Selain afiks persona, terdapat pula penanda kepemilikan yang melekat pada nomina. Penelitian ini berfokus pada kajian afiks persona subjek, persona objek, dan kala dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan morfosintaksis. Morfosintaksis adalah sebuah kajian linguistik yang mengkaji morfologi bahasa dengan bantuan sintaksis. Bahasa Tobati merupakan salah satu bahasa infleksi yang pembentukan afiks-afiksnya tidak hanya melibatkan morfologi tetapi juga sintaksis. Bentuk afiks dalam bahasa tersebut dapat dibahas hanya dengan morfologi, tetapi makna dan fungsi afiks-afiksnya perlu melibatkan sintaksis. Mengkaji afiks-afiks tidak cukup hanya pada tataran morfologi tetapi juga perlu bantuan sintaksi. Dengan demikian, tujuan penelitian ini yaitu (1) mendeskripsikan konstruksi morfosintaksis afiks persona subjek pada bahasa Tobati di Kota Jayapura, (2) mendeskripsikan konstruksi morfosintaksis afiks persona objek pada bahasa Tobati, dan (3) mendeskripsikan konstruksi morfosintaksis penanda kepemilikan bahasa Tobati. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode induktif. Lokasi penelitian adalah di Kota Jayapura. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan tinjauan pustaka. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik bagi unsur langsung. Sesuai hasil penelitian, afiks persona subjek berbentuk prefiks yaitu t-, r-, m-, dan y-. Konstruksi morfosintasisnya adalah S Persona + O + {Prefiks Persona-Morfem Akar}. Afiks persona objek berbentuk sufiks antara lain –rok, -ho, -i, -ni, -ten, -nu, dan –ric. Konstruksi morfosintaksis afiks persona subjek adalah S + O Persona + {Morfem Akar-Sufiks Objek Persona}. Untuk penanda kepemilikan, bentuknya aspek yaitu neh, nte, nti, nini, nter, nunu, dan ntric

HUBUNGAN ANTARA BERAT BADAN LAHIR, STATUS GIZI DAN STATUS IMUNISASI DENGAN KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PANIKI BAWAH KOTA MANADO

Pneumonia adalah suatu penyakit saluran napas bawah (lower respiratory tract) akut yang disebabkan oleh infeksi disertai demam. Menurut World Health Organitation (WHO), pada tahun 2015 terjadi kasus kematian pada anak dibawah usia lima tahun akibat pneumonia sebanyak 922.000 (15%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara berat badan lahir, status gizi dan status imunisasi dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Paniki Bawah Kota Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah anak berumur 12-59 bulan yang berada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Paniki Bawah Kota Manado. Pada Januari 2017, diperoleh data dari Puskesmas Paniki Bawah Kota Manado yaitu sebanyak 2506 balita yang datang untuk berobat dan total sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 96 balita. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Chi Square (α=0, 05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 19 (19,8%) balita menderita pneumonia dan sebanyak 77 (80,2%) balita bukan menderita pneumonia. Hasil analisa statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi (p=0,001) dan status imunisasi (p=0,004) dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita sedangkan berat badan lahir (p=0,256) tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita.Kata Kunci: Pneumonia, Balita, Berat badan lahir, Status Gizi, Status Imunisasi.ABSTRACTPneumonia is a disease of the lower respiratory tract (LRT) caused by acute infection accompanied by fever. According to the World Health Organitation (WHO), by the year 2015 case of death in children under five years of age due to pneumonia as much 922,000 (15%). The purpose of this research is to know the relation between birth weight, nutritional status and the status of immunization with pneumonia on toddlers in the region Paniki Bawah Manado city Clinics. This research use analytic observational method with cross sectional approach. The population in this research is children from 12-59 month in the work of the Paniki Bawah Manado city Clinics. In January 2017, obtained data from Clinics Paniki Bawah Manado city that is as much as the 2506 toddlers who came for medical treatment and the total sample in this research that is as much as 96 toddlers. Bivariat analysis performed using Chi Square test (α = 0, 05). The results showed that as many as 19 (19.8%) toddlers suffering from pneumonia and as much as 77 (80.2%) toddler is not suffering from pneumonia. The results of the analysis of the statistics shows that there is a meaningful relationship between the nutritional status (p = 0.001) and immunization status (p = 0,004) with the incidence of pneumonia on toddlers while birth weight (p = 0,256) there is no meaningful relationship with the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers. There are two independent variables that are associated with the incidence of pneumonia in babies in the region Paniki Bawah Manado city Clinics, namely nutritional status and immunization status while variables unrelated is birth weight.Key Words: Pneumonia, Toddler, Birth Weight, Nutritional Status, Immunization Statu

PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA SENTANI UNTUK ANAK MENGGUNAKAN CERITA RAKYAT DI SEKOLAH ADAT SENTANI HOBONG, KABUPATEN JAYAPURA

Sentani language used by Sentani people in Jayapura Regency is one of 300 local languages in Papua that is not actively used by most Sentani people, especially children. Preservation of Sentani language by teaching it again is needed especially for children so they will not lose their identity. This Community Service is dissemination of a PDUPT research 2017 entitled “Preservation of Sentani Language for Children using Folktales in Jayapura Regency, Papua” founded by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of Republic of Indonesia. One of the research output is a text book of Sentani language teaching for children. This book is used to teach Sentani Language for children in Sentani Customary School in Hobong, Central Sentani, Jayapura Regency. This activity is an initiative of infusing folktales to teach Sentani language for children. Besides involving children, this activity also involved the teachers of the school. Using folktales children learned (1) pronunciation, (2) vocabularies, (3) clause, (4) simple sentences, and (5) counting system. Folktales were also used to introduce them to Sentani’s socio-culture and as media of character building. Keywords: folktales, preservation, Sentani languag

Bentuk-Bentuk Satire Ekologis dalam Kumpulan Puisi Suara Anak Keerom: Tinjauan Ekokritik

The ecological satire is a ecocritical view that is study of critical and satire on environment literature. The satire is the massage delivery medium. Keerom is a area that are environment damage impacts. The problem is the exist of oil palm company. This study aims to describe the forms of ecological satire in the collection of Keerom Children's Voice poems written by students in Keerom. This research used ecocritical approach with discourse analysis method. The research tecniques used data collecting and data analysis. The data collecting tecniques used observation and book view. The data analysis technique through text analysis. The result founds three satire, there are abuse and insult form, nausea, and group or personal demerit telling. AbstrakSatire ekologis merupakan sebuah kajian ekokritik yang mengkaji kritik dan sindiran yang ada pada karya sastra yang berlatar lingkungan. Satire merupakan sarana penyampaian pesan. Keerom merupakan sebuah wilayah yang mengalami dampak kerusakan lingkungan. Penyebabnya adalah adanya perusahaan sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk satire ekologis dalam kumpulan puisi Suara Anak Keerom yang ditulis oleh anak-anak sekolah di Keerom. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan pendekatan ekokritik dengan metode analisis wacana. Teknik penelitian yang digunakan ada dua, yaitu teknik pengumpulan data dan teknik analisis data. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi dan tinjauan kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data adalah dengan cara analisis teks. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan tiga bentuk satire, yaitu berbentuk cemooh dan nista, perasaan muak, serta menceritakan kekurangan orang atau kelompok

Decision analysis in cardiac surgery:a scoping review and methodological primer

OBJECTIVES: Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for evidence generation in medicine but are limited by their real-world generalizability, resource needs, shorter follow-up durations and inability to be conducted for all clinical questions. Decision analysis (DA) models may simulate trials and observational studies by using existing data and evidence- and expert-informed assumptions and extend analyses over longer time horizons, different study populations and specific scenarios, helping to translate population outcomes to patient-specific clinical and economic outcomes. Here, we present a scoping review and methodological primer on DA for cardiac surgery research. METHODS: A scoping review was performed using the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases for cardiac surgery DA studies published until December 2021. Articles were summarized descriptively to quantify trends and ascertain methodological consistency.RESULTS: A total of 184 articles were identified, among which Markov models (N = 92, 50.0%) were the most commonly used models. The most common outcomes were costs (N = 107, 58.2%), quality-adjusted life-years (N = 96, 52.2%) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (N = 89, 48.4%). Most (N = 165, 89.7%) articles applied sensitivity analyses, most frequently in the form of deterministic sensitivity analyses (N = 128, 69.6%). Reporting of guidelines to inform the model development and/or reporting was present in 22.3% of articles. CONCLUSION: DA methods are increasing but remain limited and highly variable in cardiac surgery. A methodological primer is presented and may provide researchers with the foundation to start with or improve DA, as well as provide readers and reviewers with the fundamental concepts to review DA studies.</p

45th Annual Larval Fish Conference & 13th International Larval Biology Symposium San Diego, California 29 August – 1 September, 2022

INDITU

Structural response of Caribbean dry forests to hurricane winds: a case study from Guanica Forest, Puerto Rico

Tropical dry forests in the Caribbean have an uniquely short, shrubby structure with a high proportion of multiple-stemmed trees compared to dry forests elsewhere in the Neotropics. Previous studies have shown that this structure can arise without the loss of main stems from cutting, grazing, or other human intervention. The Caribbean has a high frequency of hurricanes, so wind may also influence forest stature. Furthermore, these forests also tend to grow on soils with low amounts of available phosphorus, which may also influence structure. The objective of this study was to assess the role of high winds in structuring dry forest, and to determine whether soil nutrient pools influence forest response following hurricane disturbance. Methods: Over 2000 stems in five plots were sampled for hurricane effects within 1 week after Hurricane Georges impacted field sites in 1998. Sprout initiation, growth, and mortality were analysed for 1407 stems for 2 years after the hurricane. Soil nutrient pools were measured at the base of 456 stems to assess association between nutrients and sprout dynamics. Results: Direct effects of the hurricane were minimal, with stem mortality at \u3c 2% and structural damage to stems at 13%, although damage was biased toward stems of larger diameter. Sprouting response was high . over 10 times as many trees had sprouts after the hurricane as before. The number of sprouts on a stem also increased significantly. Sprouting was common on stems that only suffered defoliation or had no visible effects from the hurricane. Sprout survival after 2 years was also high (\u3e 86%). Soil nutrient pools had little effect on forest response as a whole, but phosphorus supply did influence sprout dynamics on four of the more common tree species. Main Conclusions: Hurricanes are able to influence Caribbean tropical dry forest structure by reducing average stem diameter and basal area and generating significant sprouting responses. New sprouts, with ongoing survival, will maintain the high frequency of multi-stemmed trees found in this region. Sprouting is not limited to damaged stems, indicating that trees are responding to other aspects of high winds, such as short-term gravitational displacement or sway. Soil nutrients play a secondary role in sprouting dynamics of a subset of species. The short, shrubby forest structure common to the Caribbean can arise naturally as a response to hurricane winds

Guardian: Hypervisor as Security Foothold for Personal Computers

Abstract. Personal computers lack of a security foothold to allow the end-users to protect their systems or to mitigate the damage. Existing candidates either rely on a large Trusted Computing Base (TCB) or are too costly to widely deploy for commodity use. To fill this gap, we propose a hypervisor-based security foothold, named as Guardian, for commodity personal computers. We innovate a bootup and shutdown mechanism to achieve both integrity and availability of Guardian. We also propose two security utilities based on Guardian. One is a device mon-itor which detects malicious manipulation on camera and network adaptors. The other is hyper-firewall whereby Guardian expects incoming and outgoing network packets based on policies specified by the user. We have implemented Guardian ( ≈ 25K SLOC) and the two utilities ( ≈ 2.1K SLOC) on a PC with an Intel pro-cessor. Our experiments show that Guardian is practical and incurs insignificant overhead to the system.

Structural conservation of Lassa virus glycoproteins and recognition by neutralizing antibodies

Lassa fever is an acute hemorrhagic fever caused by the zoonotic Lassa virus (LASV). The LASV glycoprotein complex (GPC) mediates viral entry and is the sole target for neutralizing antibodies. Immunogen design is complicated by the metastable nature of recombinant GPCs and the antigenic differences among phylogenetically distinct LASV lineages. Despite the sequence diversity of the GPC, structures of most lineages are lacking. We present the development and characterization of prefusion-stabilized, trimeric GPCs of LASV lineages II, V, and VII, revealing structural conservation despite sequence diversity. High-resolution structures and biophysical characterization of the GPC in complex with GP1-A-specific antibodies suggest their neutralization mechanisms. Finally, we present the isolation and characterization of a trimer-preferring neutralizing antibody belonging to the GPC-B competition group with an epitope that spans adjacent protomers and includes the fusion peptide. Our work provides molecular detail information on LASV antigenic diversity and will guide efforts to design pan-LASV vaccines

Brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa:Current challenges for management, diagnosis and control

Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella and affecting domestic and wild mammals. In this paper, the bacteriological and serological evidence of brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and its epidemiological characteristics are discussed. The tools available for the diagnosis and treatment of human brucellosis and for the diagnosis and control of animal brucellosis and their applicability in the context of SSA are presented and gaps identified. These gaps concern mostly the need for simpler and more affordable antimicrobial treatments against human brucellosis, the development of a B. melitensis vaccine that could circumvent the drawbacks of the currently available Rev 1 vaccine, and the investigation of serological diagnostic tests for camel brucellosis and wildlife. Strategies for the implementation of animal vaccination are also discussed.Publishe