41 research outputs found

    Magnetresonanztomographisch gestĂŒtzte laserinduzierte Thermotherapie am Pankreas des Schweins in vivo mit histopathologischer Korrelation

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    Das Pankreaskarzinom hat bei steigender Inzidenz eine Ă€ußerst schlechte Prognose und ist hĂ€ufig bei Diagnosestellung nicht mehr kurativ operabel. Die laserinduzierte Thermotherapie (LITT) gewann in den letzten Jahren zunehmend an Bedeutung als ein minimal invasives Verfahren zur perkutanen Ablation von parenchymatösen Tumoren. Dabei ist die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) eine Methode, mit der eine prĂ€zise Prozesskontrolle der Thermoablation und eine suffiziente Erfolgskontrolle zur VerfĂŒgung stehen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, im Tierexperiment die Anwendung der LITT zur Ablation von Pankreasgewebe am Schwein zu erproben, sowie die Möglichkeiten der MRT als Online-Monitoringverfahren mit Hilfe einer histopathologischen Korrelation zu untersuchen. Dazu wurde an 15 LĂ€uferschweinen das Pankreas einer perkutanen laserinduzierten Thermotherapie mit einer Leistung von 5, 10 und 20 Watt sowie zwei mal 5 Watt in Multiapplikatortechnik unter MRT Prozesskontrolle unterzogen. Anschließend wurde das Pankreasgewebe histologische aufgearbeitet und die magnetresonanztomographisch detektierten LĂ€sionen histopathologisch korreliert. Das Auftreten einer schwerwiegenden Komplikation wie einer generalisierten Pankreatitis, Peritonitis oder Blutung wurde nicht beobachtet. Die durchgefĂŒhrten Korrelationsanalysen zeigen eine hohe Übereinstimmung zwischen magnetresonanztomographisch dokumentiertem Thermoeffekt und histopathologisch verifizierter thermisch induzierter Nekrose. Interessanterweise wurden bei Anwendung von zwei Lasern niedriger Leistung in Multiapplikatortechnik, im Vergleich zur Anwendung von einem Laser mit höherer Leistung, grĂ¶ĂŸere Nekrosen induziert. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die LITT ein geeignetes und sicheres minimalinvasives Verfahren zur Ablation von Pankreasparenchym unter MRT-Monitoring ist. WeiterfĂŒhrende Untersuchungen zur DurchfĂŒhrbarkeit und Ermittlung der Genauigkeit der MRT als Monitoringverfahren sind erforderlich.Pancreatic carcinoma has an increasing incidence and a poor prognosis. Frequently at diagnosis pancreatic tumors are surgically unresectable. Laser-induced thermotherapy has become an area of considerable interest during the past few years as a minimally invasive method for percutanous ablation of parenchymatous tumors. With magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) an accurate process control of thermocoagulation and a sufficient control of performance are possible. Control of carcinoma growth of is still a problem. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the application of laser induced thermotherapy for ablation of pancreas in a porcine model and the possibility of MRI as an online-monitoring with histopathologic correlation. Laser applicators with energy of 5, 10, 20 and two lasers of 5 watt were placed in the pancreas of 15 female pigs. After sacrifice a pathological examination was performed and histological lesions were correlated with magnetic resonance detected lesions. No serious adverse event like generalized pancreatitis, peritonitis or bleeding was observed. Correlation analysis showed a high correspondence between magnetic resonance documented thermoeffects and histopathologic verified lesions. Thermally induced lesions were best visualised on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. Interestingly application of two lasers with each 5 watt, greater lesions were generated than on application of one laser with higher energy. Over a period of 7 days increasing inhomogeneity and contraction of lesions were observed. Our results show that laser-induced thermotherapy of pancreatic tissue was feasible in this porcine model, and online monitoring was practicable. Further studies are necessary to increase the accuracy of online MR imaging of thermal effects

    Intestinal Inflammation Responds to Microbial Tissue Load Independent of Pathogen/Non-Pathogen Discrimination

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    The intestinal immune system mounts inflammatory responses to pathogens but tolerates harmless commensal microbiota. Various mechanisms for pathogen/non-pathogen discrimination have been proposed but their general relevance for inflammation control is unclear. Here, we compared intestinal responses to pathogenic Salmonella and non-pathogenic E. coli. Both microbes entered intestinal Peyer’s patches and, surprisingly, induced qualitatively and quantitatively similar initial inflammatory responses revealing a striking discrimination failure. Diverging inflammatory responses only occurred when Salmonella subsequently proliferated and induced escalating neutrophil infiltration, while harmless E. coli was rapidly cleared from the tissue and inflammation resolved. Transient intestinal inflammation induced by harmless E. coli tolerized against subsequent exposure thereby preventing chronic inflammation during repeated exposure. These data revealed a striking failure of the intestinal immune system to discriminate pathogens from harmless microbes based on distinct molecular signatures. Instead, appropriate intestinal responses to gut microbiota might be ensured by immediate inflammatory responses to any rise in microbial tissue loads, and desensitization after bacterial clearance

    Bifidobacterium animalis AHC7 protects against pathogen-induced NF-ÎșB activation in vivo

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    BACKGROUND: Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are among the early and important colonizers of the gastrointestinal tract and are generally considered to be part of a normal, healthy microbiota. It is believed that specific strains within the microbiota can influence host immune-reactivity and may play a role in protection from infection and aberrant inflammatory activity. One such strain, Bifidobacterium animalis AHC7, has been previously shown to protect against Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice and helps resolve acute idiopathic diarrhea in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning the Bifidobacterium animalis AHC7 protective effect. RESULTS: Following 4 hours of infection with Salmonella typhimurium, NF-ÎșB activation was significantly elevated in vivo in placebo and Enterococcus faecium-fed animals while Bifidobacterium animalis AHC7 consumption significantly attenuated the NF-ÎșB response. In vitro anti-CD3/CD28 stimulated Peyer's patch cells secreted significantly less TNF-α and IFN-Îł following Bifidobacterium animalis AHC7 consumption. Stimulated cells released more IL-12p70 but this difference did not reach statistical significance. No alteration in mucosal IL-6, IL-10 or MCP-1 levels were observed. No statistically significant change in the cytokine profile of mesenteric lymph node cells was noted. In vitro, Bifidobacterium animalis AHC7 was bound by dendritic cells and induced secretion of both IL-10 and IL-12p70. In addition, co-culture of CD4+ T cells with Bifidobacterium animalis AHC7-stimulated dendritic cells resulted in a significant increase in CD25+Foxp3+ T cell numbers. CONCLUSION: Bifidobacterium animalis AHC7 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect via the attenuation of pro-inflammatory transcription factor activation in response to an infectious insult associated with modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production within the mucosa. The cellular mechanism underpinning Bifidobacterium animalis AHC7 mediated attenuation of NF-ÎșB activation may include recognition of the bacterium by dendritic cells and induction of CD25+Foxp3+ T cells

    Galectin-4 Controls Intestinal Inflammation by Selective Regulation of Peripheral and Mucosal T Cell Apoptosis and Cell Cycle

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    Galectin-4 is a carbohydrate-binding protein belonging to the galectin family. Here we provide novel evidence that galectin-4 is selectively expressed and secreted by intestinal epithelial cells and binds potently to activated peripheral and mucosal lamina propria T-cells at the CD3 epitope. The carbohydrate-dependent binding of galectin-4 at the CD3 epitope is fully functional and inhibited T cell activation, cycling and expansion. Galectin-4 induced apoptosis of activated peripheral and mucosal lamina propria T cells via calpain-, but not caspase-dependent, pathways. Providing further evidence for its important role in regulating T cell function, galectin-4 blockade by antisense oligonucleotides reduced TNF-alpha inhibitor induced T cell death. Furthermore, in T cells, galectin-4 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion including IL-17. In a model of experimental colitis, galectin-4 ameliorated mucosal inflammation, induced apoptosis of mucosal T-cells and decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our results show that galectin-4 plays a unique role in the intestine and assign a novel role of this protein in controlling intestinal inflammation by a selective induction of T cell apoptosis and cell cycle restriction. Conclusively, after defining its biological role, we propose Galectin-4 is a novel anti-inflammatory agent that could be therapeutically effective in diseases with a disturbed T cell expansion and apoptosis such as inflammatory bowel disease

    Escherichia coli Strain Nissle 1917 Ameliorates Experimental Colitis via Toll-Like Receptor 2- and Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Pathways

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    Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system that trigger antimicrobial host defense responses. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle strain 1917 in experimental colitis induced in TLR-2 and TLR-4 knockout mice. Colitis was induced in wild-type (wt), TLR-2 knockout, and TLR-4 knockout mice via administration of 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Mice were treated with either 0.9% NaCl or 10(7) E. coli Nissle 1917 twice daily, followed by the determination of disease activity, mucosal damage, and cytokine secretion. wt and TLR-2 knockout mice exposed to DSS developed acute colitis, whereas TLR-4 knockout mice developed significantly less inflammation. In wt mice, but not TLR-2 or TLR-4 knockout mice, E. coli Nissle 1917 ameliorated colitis and decreased proinflammatory cytokine secretion. In TLR-2 knockout mice a selective reduction of gamma interferon secretion was observed after E. coli Nissle 1917 treatment. In TLR-4 knockout mice, cytokine secretion was almost undetectable and not modulated by E. coli Nissle 1917, indicating that TLR-4 knockout mice do not develop colitis similar to the wt mice. Coculture of E. coli Nissle 1917 and human T cells increased TLR-2 and TLR-4 protein expression in T cells and increased NF-ÎșB activity via TLR-2 and TLR-4. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that E. coli Nissle 1917 ameliorates experimental induced colitis in mice via TLR-2- and TLR-4-dependent pathways

    Forschungsprojekt 'ReduSys': Kontaktreduzierte Pflege im klinischen Umfeld durch multimodale Systeme und Robotik

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    '''Hintergrund/Fragestellung:''' Die pflegerische Versorgung bei stationĂ€ren Krankenhausbehandlungen weist enorme Herausforderungen auf, die durch Ausnahmesituationen wie die COVID-19-Pandemie zusĂ€tzlich verstĂ€rkt werden. Digitale Technologien halten stetig Einzug in unser Gesundheitssystem und können den Alltag von Pflegefachpersonen unterstĂŒtzen und entlasten. Neben der Weiterentwicklung technischer Komponenten sollten dabei auch immer die BedĂŒrfnisse des Personals an einen technisierten Berufsalltag berĂŒcksichtigt werden [1]. Das Verbundprojekt ReduSys hat zum Ziel, die Entwicklung und Erprobung eines multimodalen Verbundsystems aus drei Teilsystemen: * Das Medical Smart Bed „Medtress“ ermöglicht eine kontaktlose-kontinuierliche Erfassung von Vitalparametern und die automatische Trinkmengenaufzeichnung „PROST“ unterstĂŒtzt die Überwachung der FlĂŒssigkeitszufuhr. * „FLOW“ dient zur digitalen Übertragung von Gesundheitsdaten ĂŒber Smart Devices. * Der ferngesteuerte humanoide Roboter „Roboy“ kann basale pflegerische TĂ€tigkeiten ĂŒbernehmen, besonders in Ausnahmesituationen (z.B. COVID-19-Pandemie). Die Steuerung soll ĂŒber Embodiment-Konzepte basierend auf Augmented und Virtual Reality realisiert werden. Neben der technischen Entwicklung sollen folgende Forschungsfragen beantwortet werden: Welche Anwendungsmöglichkeiten sind fĂŒr potentielle NutzerInnen fĂŒr das Verbundsystem vorstellbar? Welche hemmenden und fördernden Faktoren gibt es bei der Implementierung in ein klinisches Setting? '''Methoden:''' Als theoretische Grundlage wurde das Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions gewĂ€hlt [[2]. Das gesamte Forschungsvorhaben verfolgt einen partizipativen Ansatz, der insbesondere durch einen qualitativen und praxisorientierten Forschungsansatz umgesetzt wird [3]. Dabei ist angedacht das Pflegepersonal durch Workshops oder Gruppendiskussionen sowie standardisierte Zielgruppenbefragungen von Beginn an zu involvieren. '''VorlĂ€ufige/erwartete Ergebnisse, Ausblick:''' Die Ergebnisse der ersten Projektphase dienen als Grundlage fĂŒr die Simulationen. Diese erfolgen zunĂ€chst digital mit sogenannten „Digital Twins“. Im Anschluss finden die Tests mit gesunden ProbandInnen statt, bevor in der finalen Projektphase die Prototypen in der Klinik erprobt werden. Neben Fragestellungen zu Usability und Akzeptanz werden ethische, soziale und rechtliche Fragen fokussiert. ''Gefördert durch das Bundesministerium fĂŒr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) mit FKZ 16SV8829'' '''Interessenkonflikte:''' Es liegen keine Interessenkonflikte vor. '''Literatur''' 1. Radic M, Vosen A. Ethische, rechtliche und soziale Anforderungen an Assistenzroboter in der Pflege : Sicht des FĂŒhrungspersonals in Kliniken und Pflegeeinrichtungen [Ethical, legal and social requirements for assistive robots in healthcare : Viewpoint of management personnel in hospitals and nursing homes]. Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2020 Nov;53(7):630-636. Epub 2020 Oct 7. DOI: 10.1007/s00391-020-01791-6 2. Skivington K, Matthews L, Simpson SA, Craig P, Baird J, Blazeby JM, Boyd KA, Craig N, French DP, McIntosh E, Petticrew M, Rycroft-Malone J, White M, Moore L. A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: update of Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ. 2021 Sep 30;374:n2061. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n2061 3. von Unger H. Partizipative Forschung – EinfĂŒhrung in die Forschungspraxis. Wiesbaden: Springer VS; 2014
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