94 research outputs found
ROOT Status and Future Developments
In this talk we will review the major additions and improvements made to the
ROOT system in the last 18 months and present our plans for future
developments. The additons and improvements range from modifications to the I/O
sub-system to allow users to save and restore objects of classes that have not
been instrumented by special ROOT macros, to the addition of a geometry package
designed for building, browsing, tracking and visualizing detector geometries.
Other improvements include enhancements to the quick analysis sub-system
(TTree::Draw()), the addition of classes that allow inter-file object
references (TRef, TRefArray), better support for templated and STL classes,
amelioration of the Automatic Script Compiler and the incorporation of new
fitting and mathematical tools. Efforts have also been made to increase the
modularity of the ROOT system with the introduction of more abstract interfaces
and the development of a plug-in manager. In the near future, we intend to
continue the development of PROOF and its interfacing with GRID environments.
We plan on providing an interface between Geant3, Geant4 and Fluka and the new
geometry package. The ROOT GUI classes will finally be available on Windows and
we plan to release a GUI inspector and builder. In the last year, ROOT has
drawn the endorsement of additional experiments and institutions. It is now
officially supported by CERN and used as key I/O component by the LCG project.Comment: Talk from the 2003 Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics
(CHEP03), La Jolla, Ca, USA, March 2003, 5 pages, MSWord, pSN MOJT00
Annual change in bone mineral density in COPD
Background: Osteoporosis is a well-known comorbidity in COPD. It is associated with poor health status and prognosis. Although the exact pathomechanisms are unclear, osteoporosis is suggested to be either a comorbidity due to shared risk factors with COPD or a systematic effect of COPD with a cause–effect relationship. This study aimed to evaluate whether progression of osteoporosis is synchronized with that of COPD.
Materials and methods: Data from 103 patients with COPD included in the Hokkaido COPD cohort study were analyzed. Computed tomography (CT) attenuation values of thoracic vertebrae 4, 7, and 10 were measured using custom software, and the average value (average bone density; ABD4,7,10) was calculated. The percentage of low attenuation volume (LAV%) for each patient was also calculated for evaluation of emphysematous lesions. Annual change in thoracic vertebral CT attenuation, which is strongly correlated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured bone mineral density, was compared with that in FEV1.0 or emphysematous lesions.
Results: In the first CT data set, ABD4,7,10 was significantly correlated with age (ρ=–0.331; p=0.0006), body mass index (BMI; ρ=0.246; p=0.0136), St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) activity score (ρ=–0.248; p=0.0115), eosinophil count (ρ=0.229; p=0.0198), and LAV% (ρ=–0.372; p=0.0001). However, ABD4,7,10 was not associated with FEV1.0. After adjustment for age, BMI, SGRQ activity score, and eosinophil count, no significant relationship was found between ABD4,7,10 and LAV%. Annual change in ABD4,7,10 was not associated with annual change in LAV% or FEV1.0.
Conclusion: Progression of osteoporosis and that of COPD are not directly related or synchronized with each other
Propulsive Performance and Heating Environment of Rotating Detonation Engine with Various Nozzles
Geometric throats are commonly applied to rocket combustors to increase pressure and specific impulse. This paper presents the results from thrust measurements of an ethylene/gas-oxygen rotating detonation engine with various throat geometries in a vacuum chamber to simulate varied backpressure conditions in a range of 1.1–104 kPa. For the throatless case, the detonation channel area was regarded to be equivalent the throat area, and three throat-contraction ratios were tested: 1, 2.5, and 8. Results revealed that combustor pressure was approximately proportional to equivalent throat mass flux for all test cases. Specific impulse was measured for a wide range of pressure ratios, defined as the ratio of the combustor pressure to the backpressure in the vacuum chamber. The rotating detonation engine could achieve almost the same level of optimum specific impulse for each backpressure, whether or not flow was squeezed by a geometric throat. In addition, heat-flux measurements using heat-resistant material are summarized. Temporally and spatially averaged heat flux in the engine were roughly proportional to channel mass flux. Heat-resistant material wall compatibility with two injector shapes of doublet and triplet injection is also discussed
ROOT - A C++ Framework for Petabyte Data Storage, Statistical Analysis and Visualization
ROOT is an object-oriented C++ framework conceived in the high-energy physics
(HEP) community, designed for storing and analyzing petabytes of data in an
efficient way. Any instance of a C++ class can be stored into a ROOT file in a
machine-independent compressed binary format. In ROOT the TTree object
container is optimized for statistical data analysis over very large data sets
by using vertical data storage techniques. These containers can span a large
number of files on local disks, the web, or a number of different shared file
systems. In order to analyze this data, the user can chose out of a wide set of
mathematical and statistical functions, including linear algebra classes,
numerical algorithms such as integration and minimization, and various methods
for performing regression analysis (fitting). In particular, ROOT offers
packages for complex data modeling and fitting, as well as multivariate
classification based on machine learning techniques. A central piece in these
analysis tools are the histogram classes which provide binning of one- and
multi-dimensional data. Results can be saved in high-quality graphical formats
like Postscript and PDF or in bitmap formats like JPG or GIF. The result can
also be stored into ROOT macros that allow a full recreation and rework of the
graphics. Users typically create their analysis macros step by step, making use
of the interactive C++ interpreter CINT, while running over small data samples.
Once the development is finished, they can run these macros at full compiled
speed over large data sets, using on-the-fly compilation, or by creating a
stand-alone batch program. Finally, if processing farms are available, the user
can reduce the execution time of intrinsically parallel tasks - e.g. data
mining in HEP - by using PROOF, which will take care of optimally distributing
the work over the available resources in a transparent way
Birth outcomes after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster:A long-term retrospective study
Changes in population birth outcomes, including increases in low birthweight or preterm births, have been documented after natural and manmade disasters. However, information is limited following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Disaster. In this study, we assessed whether there were long-term changes in birth outcomes post-disaster, compared to pre-disaster data, and whether residential area and food purchasing patterns, as proxy measurements of evacuation and radiation-related anxiety, were associated with post-disaster birth outcomes. Maternal and perinatal data were retrospectively collected for all live singleton births at a public hospital, located 23 km from the power plant, from 2008 to 2015. Proportions of low birthweight (<2500 g at birth) and preterm births (<37 weeks gestation at birth) were compared pre- and post-disaster, and regression models were conducted to assess for associations between these outcomes and evacuation and food avoidance. A total of 1101 live singleton births were included. There were no increased proportions of low birthweight or preterm births in any year after the disaster (merged post-disaster risk ratio of low birthweight birth: 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64–1.51; and preterm birth: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.38–1.21). No significant associations between birth outcomes and residential area or food purchasing patterns were identified, after adjustment for covariates. In conclusion, no changes in birth outcomes were found in this institution-based investigation after the Fukushima disaster. Further research is needed on the pathways that may exacerbate or reduce disaster effects on maternal and perinatal health
Assessment of the Strength and the Toughnessof Tool Materials for Metal Forming
To assess the fracture strength and the toughness of the tool
materials for cold metal forming, quasi-static and dynamic tensile
tests are carried out by using the test pieces varied with the
hardness. As the measures of the fracture strength and the
toughness, the ultimate tensile strength and the absorbed energy
estimated by the stress-strain relation are used respectively.
From the re1ations between the absorbed energy and the
hardness of the too1 materials, three kinds of regions which
correspond to the ductile fracture, brittle fracture and transition
were clearly recognized. The ultimate tensile strength in the
region of transition is larger than that in the other two regions.
The dynamic tensile strength is also larger than the static ones
except SKH51 The absorbed energy (toughness) in the region
of ductile fracture is considerably greater than that in the region
of brittle fracture.
In the tool materials used in the experiment, SKH51 possesses
the greatest fracture strength and toughness, so it is the best
tool material. The hardness and the optimum condition of heat
treatment which both fracture strength and toughness are
comparatively large are also discussed
The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2016 (J-SSCG 2016)
Background and purposeThe Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2016 (J-SSCG 2016), a Japanese-specific set of clinical practice guidelines for sepsis and septic shock created jointly by the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, was first released in February 2017 and published in the Journal of JSICM, [2017; Volume 24 (supplement 2)] https://doi.org/10.3918/jsicm.24S0001 and Journal of Japanese Association for Acute Medicine [2017; Volume 28, (supplement 1)] http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jja2.2017.28.issue-S1/issuetoc.This abridged English edition of the J-SSCG 2016 was produced with permission from the Japanese Association of Acute Medicine and the Japanese Society for Intensive Care Medicine.MethodsMembers of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine were selected and organized into 19 committee members and 52 working group members. The guidelines were prepared in accordance with the Medical Information Network Distribution Service (Minds) creation procedures. The Academic Guidelines Promotion Team was organized to oversee and provide academic support to the respective activities allocated to each Guideline Creation Team. To improve quality assurance and workflow transparency, a mutual peer review system was established, and discussions within each team were open to the public. Public comments were collected once after the initial formulation of a clinical question (CQ) and twice during the review of the final draft. Recommendations were determined to have been adopted after obtaining support from a two-thirds (> 66.6%) majority vote of each of the 19 committee members.ResultsA total of 87 CQs were selected among 19 clinical areas, including pediatric topics and several other important areas not covered in the first edition of the Japanese guidelines (J-SSCG 2012). The approval rate obtained through committee voting, in addition to ratings of the strengths of the recommendation, and its supporting evidence were also added to each recommendation statement. We conducted meta-analyses for 29 CQs. Thirty-seven CQs contained recommendations in the form of an expert consensus due to insufficient evidence. No recommendations were provided for five CQs.ConclusionsBased on the evidence gathered, we were able to formulate Japanese-specific clinical practice guidelines that are tailored to the Japanese context in a highly transparent manner. These guidelines can easily be used not only by specialists, but also by non-specialists, general clinicians, nurses, pharmacists, clinical engineers, and other healthcare professionals
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