Bridging Nano and Micro-scale X-ray Tomography for Battery Research by Leveraging Artificial Intelligence

X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) is a well-known non-destructive imaging technique where contrast originates from the materials' absorption coefficients. Novel battery characterization studies on increasingly challenging samples have been enabled by the rapid development of both synchrotron and laboratory-scale imaging systems as well as innovative analysis techniques. Furthermore, the recent development of laboratory nano-scale CT (NanoCT) systems has pushed the limits of battery material imaging towards voxel sizes previously achievable only using synchrotron facilities. Such systems are now able to reach spatial resolutions down to 50 nm. Given the non-destructive nature of CT, in-situ and operando studies have emerged as powerful methods to quantify morphological parameters, such as tortuosity factor, porosity, surface area, and volume expansion during battery operation or cycling. Combined with powerful Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) analysis techniques, extracted 3D tomograms and battery-specific morphological parameters enable the development of predictive physics-based models that can provide valuable insights for battery engineering. These models can predict the impact of the electrode microstructure on cell performances or analyze the influence of material heterogeneities on electrochemical responses. In this work, we review the increasing role of X-ray CT experimentation in the battery field, discuss the incorporation of AI/ML in analysis, and provide a perspective on how the combination of multi-scale CT imaging techniques can expand the development of predictive multiscale battery behavioral models.Comment: 33 pages, 5 figure

Rational SOFC material design: new advances and tools

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer great prospects for the most efficient and cost-effective utilization of a wide variety of fuels. However, their commercialization hinges on the rational design of low cost materials with exceptional functionalities. This article highlights some recent progress in probing and mapping surface species and incipient phases relevant to electrode reactions using in situ Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron based x-ray analysis, and multi-scale modeling of charge and mass transport. The combination of in situ characterization and multi-scale modeling is imperative to unraveling the mechanisms of chemical and energy transformation: a vital step for the rational design of next generation SOFC materials.open443

Life with venous leg ulcers : A literature review

Gostovic, M & Grube, R. Livet med venösa bensår. En litteraturstudie. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö Universitet: Fakulteten för Hälsa och Samhälle, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2022.   Bakgrund: Venösa bensår beror på venös insufficiens som är en kronisk sjukdom som orsakar cirkulatorisk svikt i de nedre extremiteterna och drabbar främst den äldre befolkningen. De venösa bensåren uppkommer ofta på grund av trombos, yttre trauma, fysisk inaktivitet eller hereditet. Det är vanligt med samsjuklighet vid venös insufficiens. Behandlingen består främst av omläggning och livslång kompressionsbehandling. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka patienters upplevelser av att leva med venösa bensår. Metod: En litteraturstudie som är baserad på resultat från 13 empiriska studier med kvalitativ ansats från Cinahl, PubMed och PsycInfo. Studierna har granskats med hjälp av Kvalitetsgranskningsmall för studier med kvalitativ forskningsmetodik och de inkluderade studierna har bedömts vara av hög samt medelhög kvalitet. De inkluderade studiernas resultat analyserades med hjälp av integrerad sammanställning av kvalitativ forskning inspirerad av metasyntes. Resultat: Sex teman identifierades: Egenvårdens betydelse för välbefinnandet, Svårigheter i egenvården, Vården som en del av vardagen, Upplevelsen av smärta, Upplevd självbild och skam samt Social och psykisk påverkan. Konklusion: Litteraturstudien gav en ökad förståelse för vad det innebär att leva med venösa bensår och gav en insikt i vilka kunskapsluckor som vården behöver fylla för att kunna förse patienterna med en adekvat omvårdnad.Gostovic, M & Grube, R. Life with venous leg ulcers. A Literature Review. Degree project in nursing 15 credit points. Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Science, 2022.   Background: Venous leg ulcers is caused by venous insufficiency which is a chronic disease caused by circulatory deficiency in the lower extremities and affects primarily the elderly population. The venous leg ulcers most commonly originates from thrombosis, external trauma, physical inactivity or heredity. Comorbidity is common among the patients with venous leg ulcers.  The treatment plan primarily consists of wound dressing and lifelong compression treatment. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the patients’ experiences of living with venous leg ulcers. Method: A literature review based on results from 13 empirical studies with qualitative design from Cinahl, PubMed and PsycInfo. The studies have been reviewed by using a review template intended for qualitative studies and the included studies were valued as high and medium high quality. The included studies results were analyzed with the help of an integrated compilation of qualitative research inspired by meta synthesis. Results: Six themes were identified: Self-care had an impact of the well-being, Health care as a part of the daily life, The experience of pain, Perceived self-image and shame and Social and psychological influence. Conclusion: The literature review increased the understanding of what it’s like to live with venous leg ulcers and gave an insight into which knowledge-gaps the health care needs to fill to provide the patients with adequate care

Possible errors during the optical impression procedure

Introduction. Modern technologies offer a range of benefits and significantly improve specific therapeutic procedures in dentistry. However, despite gaining experience and training there are still some mistakes in their implementation. The aim of this study was to describe the most common errors during intraoral scanning, 'optical impression' procedure, during CAD-CAM technology for production of dental restorations. Material and Methods. Cerec® 3D CAD-CAM system for one visit tooth reconstruction by inlays, onlays, endocrowns, half and complete crowns and veneers from the ceramic material was used in the study. Results. Analysis included 1564 reconstruction during 5 years. The most common causes of errors performing optical impression were the result of: improper preparation of teeth, the instability of the scanner in the mouth of the patient, incorrect position and angle of the scanner to the object scanning, contrast spray applied in uneven layer, the presence of fluid in the region scan, the presence of artifacts in the region gingival sulcus. Conclusion. Optical impression is faster procedure than conventional impression, but technologically sensitive. The most frequent errors are: improper handling of the scanner, inadequate tooth preparation, irregular powder application on the tooth and irregular use in the gingival sulcus.Uvod. Savremene tehnologije u stomatologiji imaju niz prednosti i značajno unapređuju pojedine terapijske postupke. Međutim, i pored sticanja i usavršavanja određenih iskustava, javljaju se greške u njihovoj primeni. Cilj rada je bio da se prikažu najčešće greške prilikom postupka optičkog intraoralnog skeniranja (tzv. otiskivanja) kod CAD-CAM tehnologije izrade zubnih nadoknada. Materijal i metode rada. U radu je korišćen Cerec ® 3D CAD-CAM sistem za jednoseansnu rekonstrukciji zuba izradom inleja, onleja, endokruna, delimičnih i celih kruna, venira, najčešće izrađenih od keramičkih materijala. Rezultati. Analiza je obuhvatila 1.564 restauracije tokom petogodišnjeg rada. Najčešći uzroci grešaka kod optičkog otiskivanja bili su posledica nepravilne preparacije zuba, nestabilnosti skenera u ustima pacijenta, nepravilna pozicija i ugao skenera u odnosu na objekat snimanja, kontrastni sprej nanesen u neravnomernom sloju, zastupljenost tečnosti u regionu skeniranja i artefakta u regionu gingivalnog sulkusa. Zaključak. Optičko intraoralno skeniranje je jednostavniji i brži princip otiskivanja od konvencionalnog postupka, ali je tehnološki osetljiviji. Najčešće greške prilikom optičkog otiskivanja su: nepravilno rukovanje skenerom, neadekvatna priprema zuba, nepravilno nanošenje praha za matiranje površina i nepravilna priprema regiona gingivalnog sulkusa

Process strategies to enhance pyruvate production with recombinant Escherichia coli: From repetitive fed-batch to in situ product recovery with fully integrated electrodialysis

Using the pyruvate production strain Escherichia coli YYC202 IdhA::Kan different process alternatives are studied with the aim of preventing potential product inhibition by appropriate product separation. This strain is completely blocked in its ability to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA or acetate, resulting in acetate auxotrophy during growth in glucose minimal medium. Continuous experiments with cell retention, repetitive fed-batch, and an in situ product recovery (ISPR) process with fully integrated electrodialysis were tested. Although the continuous approach achieved a high volumetric productivity (Q(P)) of 110 g L-1 d(-1), this approach was not pursued because of long-term production strain instabilities. The highest pyruvate/glucose molar yield of up to 1.78 mol mol(-1) together with high Q(P) 145 g L-1 d(-1) and high pyruvate titers was achieved by the repetitive fed-batch approach. To separate pyruvate from fermentation broth a fully integrated continuous process was developed. In this process electrodialysis was used as a separation unit. Under optimum conditions a (calculated) final pyruvate titer of >900 mmol L-1 (79 g L-1) was achieved. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc