Solving the problem of concentration of agricultural lands by agricultural holdings from the perspective of rural development

The development of rural areas largely depends on the activities of local agricultural enterprises. It is expedient to consider the impact of agricultural holdings on the development of rural areas, taking into account that in recent years more and more agricultural commodity producers are joining vertical-integrated companies. A lot of land and investment resources are fixed there. Currently, agricultural holdings are dynamically increasing the agricultural production and meeting demands of the internal and outer food markets of Ukraine

Дослідження особливостей підтримки органічного агровиробництва в Польщі

The features of supporting organic production in Poland are analyzed in the article. Poland is characterized by the largest employment of the population and the number of farms in the organic sector among the countries of Europe. Despite the favorable natural and climatic conditions, the scientific and practical base, significant areas occupied by organic production, the powerful export potential of the country, the proportion of organic operators in the structure of agricultural producers is very low. The main obstacles to the transition to organic principles are the poor development of environmental infrastructure and support from various services of the entire agricultural system. Therefore, the identification of an effective mechanism to support organic agricultural production will increase the level of public administration and contribute to the development of this promising direction.As a result of the research it is established that for the rapid development of organic movement a well-established, transparent, clear regulated system of organic agriculture must be built. The main incentive mechanisms should be: subsidies and subsidies for the transition period, funding of research institutions, consultative and organizational support, advertising, expansion of new technologies, active public activities, the launch of new types of environmental activities, highly developed information technologies in public administration, a powerful legislative framework, an effective system of control and certification. The use of such system support is accompanied by significant volumes of production in the organic sector of Poland, has a stable development trend. An important indicator is the production of environmentally safe products, focused on the conservation of agricultural land. An implementation of a multi-level support system will allow improving and activating the state policy of supporting the Ukrainian producer.Представлены результаты анализа функционирования польской системы производства органической сельскохозяйственной продукции. Изложены основные особенности реализации многоуровневой системы поддержки развития органического движения. Рассмотрены локальная специфика и условия функционирования экологических сельхозпроизводителей в Польше.Представлено результати аналізу функціонування польської системи виробництва органічної сільськогосподарської продукції. Висвітлено основні особливості реалізації багаторівневої системи підтримки розвитку органічного руху. Розглянуто локальну специфіку та умови функціонування екологічних сільгоспвиробників у Польщі

Дослідження особливостей підтримки органічного агровиробництва в Польщі

The features of supporting organic production in Poland are analyzed in the article. Poland is characterized by the largest employment of the population and the number of farms in the organic sector among the countries of Europe. Despite the favorable natural and climatic conditions, the scientific and practical base, significant areas occupied by organic production, the powerful export potential of the country, the proportion of organic operators in the structure of agricultural producers is very low. The main obstacles to the transition to organic principles are the poor development of environmental infrastructure and support from various services of the entire agricultural system. Therefore, the identification of an effective mechanism to support organic agricultural production will increase the level of public administration and contribute to the development of this promising direction.As a result of the research it is established that for the rapid development of organic movement a well-established, transparent, clear regulated system of organic agriculture must be built. The main incentive mechanisms should be: subsidies and subsidies for the transition period, funding of research institutions, consultative and organizational support, advertising, expansion of new technologies, active public activities, the launch of new types of environmental activities, highly developed information technologies in public administration, a powerful legislative framework, an effective system of control and certification. The use of such system support is accompanied by significant volumes of production in the organic sector of Poland, has a stable development trend. An important indicator is the production of environmentally safe products, focused on the conservation of agricultural land. An implementation of a multi-level support system will allow improving and activating the state policy of supporting the Ukrainian producer.Представлены результаты анализа функционирования польской системы производства органической сельскохозяйственной продукции. Изложены основные особенности реализации многоуровневой системы поддержки развития органического движения. Рассмотрены локальная специфика и условия функционирования экологических сельхозпроизводителей в Польше.Представлено результати аналізу функціонування польської системи виробництва органічної сільськогосподарської продукції. Висвітлено основні особливості реалізації багаторівневої системи підтримки розвитку органічного руху. Розглянуто локальну специфіку та умови функціонування екологічних сільгоспвиробників у Польщі

Aromaticity in heterocyclic analogues of benzene : comprehensive analysis of structural aspects, electron delocalization and magnetic characteristics

The degree of aromaticity of six-membered monoheterocycles with IV-VI group heteroatoms (C(6)H(5)X, where X = SiH, GeH, N, P, As, O(+), S(+), Se(+)) was analyzed using the results of ab initio calculations at the MP2/cc-pvtz level. Values of common aromaticity indices including those based on electronic delocalization properties, structural-dynamic features and magnetic properties all indicate high aromaticity of all considered heterocycles. A decrease in aromaticity is observed with increasing atomic number of the heteroatom, except in the case of the pyrylium cation. However, not all types of indices or even different indices within the same type correlate well among each other. Ring currents have been obtained at the HF/cc-pvdz level using the ipsocentric formulation. Ring current maps indicate that in the case of cationic heterocycles the ring current persists in all molecules under consideration. The different conclusions reached depending on the type of index used are a manifestation of the fact that when not dealing with hydrocarbons, aromaticity is ill-defined. One should always express explicitly which property of the molecules is considered to establish a degree of "aromaticity"

Main types of technical facilities used in poland agricultural sector for obtaining energy from renewable sources of various nature

У статті представлено основні способи тепло- та електрозабезпечення сільськогосподарських підприємств Польщі із використанням енергії з відновлювальних джерел. Особливу увагу приділено відповідним вимогами до технічного забезпечення процесів енергопостачання. Передбачається, що у сільськогосподарському виробництві та сільській місцевості Польщі найближчим часом суттєво зміниться кількість використовуваних традиційних палив, зокрема природного газу та вугілля, на користь використання біомаси, сонячної, геотермальної та вітрової енергії. Пристроями, що призначені для використання практично необмежених запасів відновлювальної енергії є: теплові насоси, сонячні колектори, фотоелектричні елементи, вітрові та гідроелектростанції. Основний ефект складає як економія традиційних енергоносіїв, так і зменшення техногенного навантаження на навколишнє середовище, і зростання рівня енергетичної безпеки, створення нових робочих місць та стимулювання регіонального розвитку.В статье представлены основные способы тепло и электроснабжения сельскохозяйственных предприятий Польши с использованием энергии из возобновляемых источников. Особое внимание уделено соответствующим требованиям к техническому обеспечению процессов энергоснабжения. Предполагается, что в сельскохозяйственном производстве и сельской местности Польши в ближайшее время существенно уменьшится количество используемых традиционных видов топлива, в частности природного газа и угля, в пользу использования биомассы, солнечной, геотермальной и ветровой энергии. Устройствами, которые предназначены для использования практически неограниченных запасов возобновляемой энергии являются: тепловые насосы, солнечные коллекторы, фотоэлектрические элементы, ветровые и гидроэлектростанции. Основной эффект составляет как экономия традиционных энергоносителей, так и уменьшения техногенной нагрузки на окружающую среду, рост уровня энергетической безопасности, создание новых рабочих мест и стимулирование регионального развития.The article presents the main ways of heat and electric energy supply of farms in Poland, using energy from renewable sources. Particular attention is paid to the relevant requirements for technical support of energy supply processes. It is assumed that in agriculture production and rural areas in Poland soon the number of used conventional fuels, including natural gas and coal, will change significantly, for the use of biomass, solar, geothermal and wind energy. Devices that are designed for use almost unlimited supply of renewable energy are: heat pumps, solar panels, photo-electric elements, wind and hydrostations. The main effect is as traditional energy saving and reduction of technogenic impact on the environment, and increasing of energy security level, creating new workplaces and promote regional development

Computational assessment of environmental hazards of nitroaromatic compounds: influence of the type and position of aromatic ring substituents on toxicity

This study summarizes the results of our recent QSAR and QSPR investigations on prediction of numerous aspects of environmental behavior of nitro compounds. In this study, we applied the QSAR/QSPR models previously developed by our group for virtual screening of energetic compounds, their precursors and other compounds containing nitro groups. To make predictions on the environmental impact of nitro compounds, we analyzed the trends in the change of the experimentally obtained and QSAR/QSPR-predicted values of aqueous solubility, lipophilicity, Ames mutagenicity, bioavailability, blood–brain barrier penetration, aquatic toxicity on T. pyriformis and acute oral toxicity on rats as a function of chemical structure of nitro compounds. All the models were developed using simplex descriptors in combination with random forest (RF) modeling techniques. We interpreted the possible environmental impact (different toxicological properties) in terms of dividing considered nitro compounds based on hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics and in terms of the influence of their molecular fragments that promote and interfere with toxicity. In particular, we found that, in general, the presence of amide or tertiary amine groups leads to an increase in toxicity. Also, it was predicted that compounds containing a NO2 group in the para-position of a benzene ring are more toxic than meta-isomers, which, in turn, are more toxic than ortho-isomers. In general, we concluded that hydrophobic nitroaromatic compounds, especially the ones with electron-accepting substituents, halogens and amino groups, are the most environmentally hazardous

The problem of concentration of agricultural holdings in rural development discourse

The paper analyzes the problem of concentration of agricultural holdings and its impact on the development of rural areas. The analysis of this problem has revealed many problems of social and environmental nature. Sustainable tendency to increase the concentration of farmland does not have a proper positive impact on the development of rural areas. It has been noted that there are no effective mechanisms of influence of public authorities and local governments on agricultural holdings. The situation of increasing the area of agricultural land of farms of Myrhorod district of Poltava oblast, within the vertically-integrated companies has been studied. The mechanism of agricultural holdings’ involvement in territorial cluster to establish the cooperation on the implementation of social, economic, and environmental community projects has been proposed. It has proved the necessity of the consolidation of social responsibilities of agricultural holdings to support rural communities at the legislative level, where the companies use farm land for their work

The problem of concentration of agricultural holdings in rural development discourse

eISSN 2353-4435The paper analyzes the problem of concentration of agricultural holdings and its impact on the development of rural areas. The analysis of this problem has revealed many problems of social and environmental nature. Sustainable tendency to increase the concentration of farmland does not have a proper positive impact on the development of rural areas. It has been noted that there are no effective mechanisms of influence of public authorities and local governments on agricultural holdings. The situation of increasing the area of agricultural land of farms of Myrhorod district of Poltava oblast, within the vertically-integrated companies has been studied. The mechanism of agricultural holdings’ involvement in territorial cluster to establish the cooperation on the implementation of social, economic, and environmental community projects has been proposed. It has proved the necessity of the consolidation of social responsibilities of agricultural holdings to support rural communities at the legislative level, where the companies use farm land for their workVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Modeling of the Hydration Shell of Uracil and Thymine

The molecular geometry of complexes of uracil and thymine with 11 water molecules was calculated using the density functional theory with the B3LYP functional. The standard 6-31G(d) basis set has been employed. It was found that the arrangement of water molecules forming a locked chain around the nucleobases significantly differs for uracil and thymine. The presence of a methyl group in thymine results in strong non-planarity of the hydrated shell. The existence of C-H...O hydrogen bonds between the water molecules and the hydrophobic part of the nucleobases is established. Interactions with water molecules cause some changes in the geometry of uracil and thymine which can be explained by the contribution of a zwitter-ionic dihydroxy resonance form into the total structure of the molecules