Application of material flow cost accounting to achieve environmental sustainability in small-scale soybean oil production in South Africa

Purpose: This study investigates the effectiveness of Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) as a tool for enhancing resource efficiency and environmental sustainability in small-scale soybean oil production in South Africa. The main objective is to analyze the impact of MFCA on waste reduction and economic performance within the production process. Methodology: A case study approach was adopted, focusing on the implementation of ISO 14051 in a small-scale soybean oil production setting. Data were collected through direct observation over three months, capturing cost information, inputs, and outputs across the various production stages. Results: The findings indicate that a significant portion of waste generated during soybean oil production can be reused as by-products in other processes. The application of MFCA led to notable cost savings and promoted environmental sustainability. Specifically, the technique resulted in total savings of 6,083.05 Rands, with 196.97 Rands saved in dehulling, 4,609.08 Rands in drying, 350 Rands in oil extraction, and 927 Rands in filtration. The study also highlights the potential for revenue generation and improved resource utilization through waste minimization and reuse. Theoretical Contribution: This research contributes to the literature by demonstrating the value of MFCA in agri-food production, emphasizing its role in reducing waste, costs, and energy use while supporting sustainability objectives. Practical Implications: The results provide actionable recommendations for industry practitioners, policymakers, and scholars, advocating for the adoption of MFCA in soybean oil and similar production processes to achieve sustainable development goals. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 2: Zero Hunger; SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation; SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy; SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure; SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production; SDG 13: Climate Action; SDG 15: Life on Land; SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goal

Impact of entrepreneurship on university students' academic welfare during the COVID-19 pandemic in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe

The study explored how student entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic influenced academic welfare in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe. By focusing on academic outcomes and entrepreneurial activities among university students, the study directly contributes to SDG 4: Quality Education, which promotes inclusive and equitable education, and SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth, which encourages youth entrepreneurship, innovation, and sustainable employment. Qualitative research and descriptive survey design were employed to explore the aforementioned topic. The research sample was purposively sampled twenty students, seven lecturers, and two Student Affairs Division members. The research instruments that were used included questionnaires and interviews. The positive impacts established were that most students were involved in the business ventures, continued their studies, and were exposed to business ventures not offered in their curriculum. The study also revealed that some students poorly managed their time and missed lectures, resulting in psychological stress. Accordingly, it was suggested that students could employ business assistants and establish online shops to concentrate on their studies. The study recommended that universities support students through start-up funds, an inclusive timetable, and collaboration with telecommunications service providers. Students can also approach micro-financing institutions for assistance in setting up their businesses to generate funds for fees and other academic-related needs

Determinants of electricity consumption in South Africa: Insights from linear and nonlinear modeling approaches

Purpose: This study investigates the determinants of electricity consumption in South Africa, focusing on economic, demographic, and energy-related factors from 1980 to 2023. Methodology: The study employs linear models (Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares and Canonical Cointegrating Regression) and a nonlinear Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) model to analyze the relationships between electricity consumption and its determinants. Results: Economic growth, electricity prices, and income per capita are found to be positive determinants of electricity consumption, while population growth and inflation exhibit negative relationships. The TAR model reveals asymmetric effects of these determinants across different income regimes. Theoretical contribution: This study extends the literature on electricity consumption determinants in developing countries by incorporating both linear and nonlinear modeling approaches, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the complex relationships involved. Practical implications: The findings inform policymakers and energy stakeholders in South Africa on effective strategies for managing electricity demand, promoting energy efficiency, and addressing the ongoing challenges in the electricity sector. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy; SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructur

Cost-benefit analysis and sustainability considerations in starting a restaurant: A case study from Sri Lanka

Purpose: The primary purpose of this paper is to evaluate the financial viability and sustainability of launching a new vegetarian restaurant, "Tandoori Tales," in Sri Lanka, using a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis. The study aims to provide actionable insights for entrepreneurs and stakeholders in the hospitality sector, with a particular focus on sustainable business practices. Methodology: The research employs a case study approach, integrating detailed financial modeling, cost and revenue projections, and break-even analysis. The analysis includes both quantitative (financial calculations using Python and Matplotlib) and qualitative (market positioning, eco-friendly strategies) methods to assess the feasibility and sustainability of the business. Results: The findings indicate that "Tandoori Tales" can achieve financial sustainability within the first year of operation, with a projected net profit margin of 15.2% and a break-even point reached within 10 months. The adoption of eco-friendly practices, such as waste reduction, portion control, and the use of technology for inventory management, further enhances the restaurant's operational efficiency and aligns with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Theoretical Contribution: The paper contributes to the literature on entrepreneurship and sustainable business by demonstrating how rigorous cost-benefit analysis, coupled with sustainability-driven strategies, can inform successful SME start-ups in emerging markets. It bridges the gap between financial planning and sustainable management in the restaurant industry. Practical Implications: This study provides a replicable framework for aspiring entrepreneurs and policymakers to assess the viability of new ventures in the hospitality sector. It underscores the importance of integrating sustainability considerations – such as responsible resource use, waste management, and employee welfare – into business planning to enhance long-term success and contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth; SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure; SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities; SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

The relevance of institutional quality as a transmission channel for digital financial inclusion: Evidence from African economies and implications for sustainable development

Purpose: This study examines whether institutional quality is an effective transmission channel between digital financial literacy and financial inclusion in African economies, with implications for sustainable development goals related to poverty reduction and economic inclusion. Methodology: The research employs principal component analysis to construct a financial inclusion index and applies system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation techniques to analyze panel data from 41 African economies (7 emerging, 26 frontiers, and 8 fragile) from 2004 to 2022. Results: Financial inclusion in Africa is more responsive to access indicators (ATMs and internet banking) than penetration and usage indicators. While the direct impacts of digital finance and institutional quality on financial inclusion show ambiguous results, their interaction demonstrates a significant positive effect, indicating that institutional quality successfully moderates digital finance's impact on financial inclusion. Theoretical Contribution: The study extends existing financial inclusion theory by identifying institutional quality as a critical transmission mechanism that can transform potentially negative effects of digital finance into positive outcomes for financial inclusion in developing economies. Practical Implications: Findings suggest that African policymakers should prioritize institutional development alongside digital financial education to effectively leverage digital finance for inclusive growth, supporting sustainable development goals for reducing inequality and promoting economic participation. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 1: No Poverty; SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth; SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure; SDG 10: Reduced Inequalitie

Determinants of improved rice seed adoption in Nepal's Terai Region: A probit analysis for sustainable agricultural development

Purpose: This study investigates the socioeconomic and institutional factors influencing improved rice seed adoption among smallholder farmers in Nepal's Terai region to inform sustainable agricultural policies and enhance food security. Methodology: Primary data from 347 household surveys collected over three years (2019-2021) in Bardiya district were analyzed using probit regression modeling to identify significant determinants of adoption decisions. Results: Results reveal that larger landholdings (coefficient 0.262, p=0.020) and access to agricultural training (coefficient 0.356, p=0.022) significantly drive adoption, while demographic factors show no statistical significance. Adoption rates declined from 82.42% (2019) to 45.4% (2021), despite 88.46% of farmers expressing willingness for future adoption. Theoretical Contribution: The study contributes to technology adoption literature by identifying key barriers and enablers in smallholder farming systems, providing empirical evidence for sustainable agricultural transformation in developing countries. Practical Implications: Findings inform targeted policy interventions including enhanced training programs, financial support mechanisms, and land tenure policies to promote sustainable agriculture and achieve SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) objectives. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 1: No Poverty; SDG 2: Zero Hunger; SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth; SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure; SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production; SDG 13: Climate Action; SDG 15: Life on Lan

Enhancing investor attractiveness in Sri Lanka's apparel sector through environmental and social sustainability goals: A gap analysis

Purpose: This study aims to explore how incorporating environmental and social sustainability goals can enhance investor attractiveness in Sri Lanka's apparel sector by identifying gaps between current practices and customer auditing expectations. Methodology: The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative analysis of sustainability performance data from selected export-oriented apparel firms with qualitative insights from interviews with key stakeholders. The study focuses on leading companies, referred to as F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5, to maintain anonymity. Results: The study reveals significant gaps between prevailing sustainability practices and customer auditing expectations, particularly in areas of energy efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions, and water management. Political instability and inconsistent policies were identified as significant barriers to long-term sustainability initiatives. The research also highlights the lack of standardized baseline data and technical expertise as key challenges. Theoretical contribution: This study contributes to the literature on sustainable supply chain management in developing countries by providing a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and opportunities in aligning sustainability practices with investor expectations in the apparel sector. Practical implications: The findings offer strategic recommendations for apparel manufacturers, policymakers, and industry associations to bridge identified gaps, including developing industry-wide sustainability standards, enhancing technical capacity, and advocating for supportive regulatory frameworks. These strategies aim to improve the sector's attractiveness to foreign investors while promoting sustainable development. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Productio

Enhancing sustainability in Nigerian agricultural supply chains through fair trade practices

Nigeria's agricultural sector, contributing 22.7% to GDP and employing over 70% of the population, faces critical sustainability challenges that directly impact multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals. This study evaluates fair trade practices as a comprehensive management strategy for enhancing sustainability across Nigerian agricultural supply chains, addressing the persistent challenges smallholder farmers face, including market volatility, environmental degradation, and social inequity. Purpose: This research aims to assess the transformative potential of fair trade mechanisms in achieving sustainable agricultural supply chain management in Nigeria, specifically focusing on policy frameworks and governance structures that support SDG implementation. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing 45 peer-reviewed studies, policy documents, and case studies from fair trade initiatives across sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis employed a triple-bottom-line framework to evaluate economic, environmental, and social sustainability dimensions within supply chain management contexts. Results: Fairtrade implementation demonstrates significant potential for sustainable supply chain transformation through: (1) price stabilization mechanisms reducing farmer income volatility by up to 40%; (2) environmental stewardship practices that decrease chemical inputs by 35% while improving soil health; (3) social empowerment initiatives that increase women's participation in decision-making by 60%. However, critical barriers include certification costs (averaging $2,000-5,000 per cooperative), inadequate infrastructure investment (less than 15% of rural areas have adequate storage facilities), and limited government policy support. Theoretical contribution: This study advances supply chain sustainability theory by proposing an integrated fair trade-governance framework specifically designed for developing economies, linking microeconomic farmer decisions with macroeconomic policy outcomes in pursuit of SDG targets1. Practical implications: The research provides actionable policy recommendations for Nigerian policymakers, including establishing government-subsidized certification programs, creating public-private partnerships for infrastructure development, and integrating fair trade principles into national agricultural policies. These findings offer a replicable model for other sub-Saharan African countries pursuing sustainable agricultural transformation

Applying Keynesian theory to identify determinants of gross regional domestic product: Comparative evidence from Java and Sumatra

This paper analyzes the application of Keynesian theory to identify the determinants of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in Java and Sumatra. The study utilizes panel data from 2013 to 2023 across 6 provinces in Java and 10 in Sumatra, employing a fixed effects panel regression to assess the impact of regional expenditure, FDI, DDI, and local taxes on GRDP. Findings reveal that all variables significantly affect GRDP in Java, while in Sumatra, FDI does not have a significant effect. Java demonstrates a more substantial impact of regional expenditure and investment on economic growth than Sumatra. This research extends the empirical application of Keynesian theory to the regional context in Indonesia, highlighting structural differences in economic drivers between Java and Sumatra. The results suggest that policy interventions in Sumatra should focus on enhancing infrastructure and investment climate to improve the effectiveness of FDI and government spending. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth; SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities; SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goal

A dual-phase financial strategy for sustainable customer loyalty: Integrating fixed deposits and voucher systems in Sri Lankan supermarket retail

This study develops and evaluates an innovative dual-phase customer loyalty strategy for Sri Lankan supermarkets, integrating fixed deposit investments with voucher-based reward systems to enhance both customer engagement and sustainable business profitability during festive seasons. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining financial modelling using the EBITDA framework, customer surveys (n = 250) to analyse spending patterns, and a hypothetical case study with 1,000 participants to assess the strategy's viability during Christmas 2023. The dual-phase model generated projected returns of Rs. 19,135,035.44 from fixed deposits (a 6.3% gross profit margin) and a Rs. 1,113 markup profit per voucher participant, resulting in an overall EBITDA gross profit of Rs. 2,248,035.44 for 1,000 participants. The study contributes to retail management literature by proposing a novel integration of customer investment programs with loyalty systems, extending existing loyalty program theory to emerging market contexts and seasonal retail dynamics. The framework provides retail managers with a structured approach to capitalise on seasonal demand while building long-term customer relationships, particularly applicable to emerging markets where traditional loyalty programs may be insufficient. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth; SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure; SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Productio