Análisis del costo de la no calidad en la empresa constructora

Tesis (Ingeniero Constructor)RESUMEN: El costo de la no calidad hace referencia al desembolso producido por la existencia de patologías en la vivienda, y que se pueden subdividir en costos de la no calidad controlables y resultantes, dependiendo de la instancia en que la desviación de la calidad aparezca, ya sea dentro de los procesos de diseño y construcción del proyecto, como reclamos de carácter postventa respectivamente. La aparición de estas desviaciones, denotan lo lamentable que resulta el no reconocerlos, puesto a que si no se evalúan, no se pueden tomar las medidas paliativas necesarias para evitar la reiteración de los errores, proyecto tras proyecto, y que hace aún más necesaria la instauración de un sistema de control de costos de la no calidad, bajo el alero que entrega una gestión, o bien un sistema de calidad de la empresa, siendo la segunda más rigurosa que la primera. Al hacer la comparación entre los tipos de desviaciones en la calidad del bien raíz, entre aquellos confeccionados bajo la denominación de viviendas sociales, como las de carácter privado, representados mediante el análisis del acontecer de una "empresa modelo", con más de cincuenta años en el rubro de la construcción, se pude determinar que la compra de insumos con un mal estándar de calidad en los primeros marcan la diferencia en el grado de habitabilidad de la vivienda, y por tanto de errores presentes en su funcionalidad.ABSTRACT: The cost of "non-quality" refers to the disbursement produced by the existence of pathologies in housing, which can be subdivided into costs of "non-quality" Controlables and Resulting depending on the venue in which the diversion of quality appear, either in the process of design and construction of the project, as c1aims character afier sales respectively. The emergence of these deviations mean what it is regrettable that the failure to recognize them as to if they are not assessed, you can not take any remedial measures necessary to prevent the recurrence of the errors, project afier project, and that makes it even more necessary setting up a system for controlling costs of "non-quality" under the eaves that delivers management, or a system of quality of the company, the second being more rigorous than the first. In making the comparison between the types of deviations in quality real estate, among those made under the name of social housing, such as those of a private nature, represented by analyzing the events of a "business model", with more than fifiy years in the area of construction, you can determine that the purchase of inputs and poor quality standard in the first make a difference in the degree of habitability of housing, and thus errors in its functionality

Graphical Framework for Categorizing Data Capabilities and Properties of Objects in the Internet of Things

Things are the core of the Internet of Things (IoT) and must be properly characterized according to the different functions they accomplish. Identifying their capabilities and combining them as sets provides a view on the single or joint properties of existing things and guide in properly designing and building new things while maximizing their potential benefits within an IoT system or application. Building on five essential but independent capabilities of things (Identification, Localization, Sensing, Actuation, and Processing), four categories or groups of things are defined. These groups comprise a particular view of the diversity of objects found in the IoT, as trackable, data, interactive, or smart objects. In this paper, a description of the aforementioned capabilities is presented, stating how each of the groups of objects includes them. Then, given that data are the most important assets for both organizations and individuals a further description of the data objects group is made, proposing a graphical categorization framework that thoroughly describes and measures the level in which each of these capabilities is contained and how it contributes to the performance and data properties of any data object

Penile fracture in the general hospital of Mexico: prevalence and case series

Penile fracture is a rare urological emergency and a condition rarely reported in the literature. This lesion is produced by a break in the continuity of the tunica albuginea of corpora cavernosa, due to trauma to the erect penis. When the fracture occurs, patients may report a popping sound followed by severe pain, bruising, ecchymosis, and deformity. Diagnosis is based primarily on clinical history and examination; in some cases, ultrasound may be useful to confirm the diagnosis. It is a urological emergency that requires adequate and prompt attention in order to prevent serious sexual complications. Below, we present a series of 18 cases of penile fracture that were treated at the General Hospital of Mexico, with emphasis on sexual function after surgical repair

Evidencia de la relación entre microbiota oral con enfermedades sistémicas. Revisión sistemática exploratoria

40 p.La microbiota oral, conjunto de microorganismos que cohabitan en simbiosis en nuestra cavidad oral, es una de las más variadas del cuerpo humano y en procesos de disbiosis expulsan al torrente sanguíneo sustancias nocivas, lo que generaría enfermedades. A pesar de encontrarse en la literatura estudios que relacionan microbiota y enfermedades sistémicas, lo hacen por enfermedad particular. No existe un estudio que recoja la evidencia existente que relacione a la microbiota oral con un conjunto mayor y más amplio las enfermedades sistémicas e indague en su impacto y significancia. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia que existe en la literatura, entre los años 2015 a julio del 2020, que relacione la microbiota oral y el conjunto de enfermedades sistémicas. Métodos: Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron SCOPUS y PubMed. Se incluyeron artículos que relacionaron la microbiota oral con enfermedades sistémicas particulares, en estudios observacionales en humanos y cuyo análisis de muestra haya sido la secuenciación del gen 16 rRNA/rDNA. Resultados: 75 artículos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, 96% de los artículos presentaba una alta calidad de validez interna, pertenecían a revistas de alta calidad y fueron agrupadas en 7 familias, de acuerdo a la naturaleza de la enfermedad estudiada. Un importante número de artículos presentaron un alto porcentaje de evidencia estadísticamente significativa. Las patologías más estudiadas fueron las de origen inmunológico y neoplásico. Conclusión: Del total de estudios, el 89.3% tiene un nivel de significancia estadística <0.05, lo que demuestra una clara diferencia entre la microbiota oral de pacientes sanos y pacientes con enfermedades sistémicas

Effect of Yangtze River on population genetic structure of the relict plant Parrotia subaequalis in eastern Chin

Parrotia subaequalis (Hamamelidaceae) is a Tertiary relic species endemic in eastern China. We used inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to access genetic diversity and population genetic structure in natural five populations of P. subaequalis. The levels of genetic diversity were higher at species level (H = 0.2031) but lower at population level (H = 0.1096). The higher genetic diversity at species levels might be attributed to the accumulation of distinctive genotypes which adapted to the different habitats after Quaternary glaciations. Meanwhile, founder effects on the early stage, and subsequent bottleneck of population regeneration due to its biological characteristics, environmental features, and human activities, seemed to explain the low population levels of genetic diversity. The hierarchical AMOVA revealed high levels (42.60%) of among-population genetic differentiation, which was in congruence with the high levels of Nei’s genetic differentiation index (GST = 0.4629) and limited gene flow (Nm = 0.5801) among the studied populations. Mantel test showed a significant isolation-by-distance, indicating that geographic isolation has a significant effect on genetic structure in this species. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average clustering, PCoA, and Bayesian analyses uniformly recovered groups that matched the geographical distribution of this species. In particular, our results suggest that Yangtze River has served as a natural barrier to gene flow between populations occurred on both riversides. Concerning the management of P. subaequalis, the high genetic differentiation among populations indicates that preserving all five natural populations in situ and collecting enough individuals from these populations for ex situ conservation are necessary

Global overview of the management of acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic (CHOLECOVID study)

Background: This study provides a global overview of the management of patients with acute cholecystitis during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: CHOLECOVID is an international, multicentre, observational comparative study of patients admitted to hospital with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on management were collected for a 2-month study interval coincident with the WHO declaration of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and compared with an equivalent pre-pandemic time interval. Mediation analysis examined the influence of SARS-COV-2 infection on 30-day mortality. Results: This study collected data on 9783 patients with acute cholecystitis admitted to 247 hospitals across the world. The pandemic was associated with reduced availability of surgical workforce and operating facilities globally, a significant shift to worse severity of disease, and increased use of conservative management. There was a reduction (both absolute and proportionate) in the number of patients undergoing cholecystectomy from 3095 patients (56.2 per cent) pre-pandemic to 1998 patients (46.2 per cent) during the pandemic but there was no difference in 30-day all-cause mortality after cholecystectomy comparing the pre-pandemic interval with the pandemic (13 patients (0.4 per cent) pre-pandemic to 13 patients (0.6 per cent) pandemic; P = 0.355). In mediation analysis, an admission with acute cholecystitis during the pandemic was associated with a non-significant increased risk of death (OR 1.29, 95 per cent c.i. 0.93 to 1.79, P = 0.121). Conclusion: CHOLECOVID provides a unique overview of the treatment of patients with cholecystitis across the globe during the first months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The study highlights the need for system resilience in retention of elective surgical activity. Cholecystectomy was associated with a low risk of mortality and deferral of treatment results in an increase in avoidable morbidity that represents the non-COVID cost of this pandemic

Observer design for a class of Lipschitz nonlinear systems with delayed outputs: time-varying delay

International audienc