The silence of the layers: Archaeological site visibility in the Pleistocene-Holocene transition at the Ebro Basin

The Ebro Basin constitutes one of the most representative territories in SW Europe for the study of prehistoric societies during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. The correlation of palaeoenvironmental and geomorphological proxies obtained from sedimentary records with chronologically well-constrained reference archaeological sites has allowed defining this time frame precisely, such that three main pilot areas haven been broadly depicted: the Alavese region, the Pre-Pyrenees and the Bajo Aragón. Overall, the human imprint in the Ebro Basin was rare during the Upper Palaeolithic, but more visible from the Upper Magdalenian (14500–13500 cal BP) to Neolithic times (up to 5500 cal BP). Local environmental resources were continuously managed by the prehistoric communities in the different areas of study. In fact, the Ebro Basin acted during those millennia as a whole, developing the same cultural trends, industrial techniques and settlement patterns in parallel throughout the territory. However, some gaps exist in the 14C frequency curve (SCDPD curve). This is partially related to prehistoric sites in particular lithologies and geological structures that could have partly been lost by erosional processes, especially during the Early Holocene. In addition, this gap also parallels the reconstructed climate trend for the Pre-Pyrenean and the Bajo Aragón areas, which are defined by high frequencies of xerophilous flora until ca. 9500 cal BP, suggesting that continental climate features could have hampered the presence of well-established human communities in inland regions. The interdisciplinary research (archaeology, geomorphology and palaeoclimatology) discussed in this paper offers clues to understand the existence of fills and gaps in the archaeological record of the Ebro Basin, and can be applied in other territories with similar geographic and climate patterns

El abrigo de Martinarri (Obécuri, Treviño): una ocupación del Tardiglaciar en la Cuenca Alta del Ebro

We present recently discovered Martinarri’s site, in Treviño. The initial excavations have shown that it was occupied during the transition from Pleistocene to Holocene, providing information of a largely unknown episode in the Upper Ebro and in the interior of the Iberian peninsula. The text provides an initial assessment of the stratigraphic sequence and the materials recovered. Along with carbon-14 data (unpublished), we propose an initial interpretation of the dynamics of occupation of the site. Also, the nature of the period to which it refers, requires a review of currently available knowledge and reflection on its characterization.Presentamos el yacimiento de Martinarri, recientemente descubierto en Treviño. Los iniciales trabajos de excavación han evidenciado ocupaciones en el tránsito del Pleistoceno al Holoceno que llenan de contenido un episodio cultural muy desconocido en el Alto Ebro, en particular, y en el interior de la Península Ibérica, en general. En el texto se ofrece una primera evaluación tanto de la secuencia estratigráfica como de los materiales recuperados, esbozando junto con los datos radiocronológicos (inéditos), una primera interpretación de la dinámica ocupacional del lugar. Dada la propia naturaleza del período se revisa el conocimiento disponible en la actualidad sobre el mismo y se reflexiona sobre su caracterización

Ulmus laevis in the Iberian Peninsula: a review of its ecology and conservation

European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pallas) populations are scarce, small and fragmented in the Iberian Peninsula. Due to these characteristics the indigenous status of the species in the region has been questioned, whilst the species? role in Iberian riparian forest ecology has been neglected. Herein we review past studies regarding this species? distribution and ecology in the Iberian Peninsula, with special emphasis on the establishment of conservation priorities. We first present a collection of palaeogeographic, historic and genetic data suggesting that the Iberian Peninsula was a glacial refuge for U. laevis. Secondly, we analyse U. laevis distribution in relation to soil physico- chemical properties and water availability in Spain. Following this, we focus on the reproductive biology of the species, and investigate the effect of masting and empty seed production on predation and regeneration establishment. Finally, based on this knowledge, we propose conservation policies for U. laevis in the Iberian Peninsula

Steroid hormone-related polymorphisms associate with the development of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis and help to predict disease progression: Results from the REPAIR consortium

Here, we assessed whether 41 SNPs within steroid hormone genes associated with erosive disease. The most relevant finding was the rheumatoid factor (RF)-specific effect of the CYP1B1, CYP2C9, ESR2, FcγR3A, and SHBG SNPs to modulate the risk of bone erosions (P = 0.004, 0.0007, 0.0002, 0.013 and 0.015) that was confirmed through meta-analysis of our data with those from the DREAM registry (P = 0.000081, 0.0022, 0.00074, 0.0067 and 0.0087, respectively). Mechanistically, we also found a gender-specific correlation of the CYP2C9rs1799853T/T genotype with serum vitamin D3 levels (P = 0.00085) and a modest effect on IL1β levels after stimulation of PBMCs or blood with LPS and PHA (P = 0.0057 and P = 0.0058). An overall haplotype analysis also showed an association of 3 ESR1 haplotypes with a reduced risk of erosive arthritis (P = 0.009, P = 0.002, and P = 0.002). Furthermore, we observed that the ESR2, ESR1 and FcγR3A SNPs influenced the immune response after stimulation of PBMCs or macrophages with LPS or Pam3Cys (P = 0.002, 0.0008, 0.0011 and 1.97•10−7). Finally, we found that a model built with steroid hormone-related SNPs significantly improved the prediction of erosive disease in seropositive patients (PRF+ = 2.46•10−8) whereas no prediction was detected in seronegative patients (PRF− = 0.36). Although the predictive ability of the model was substantially lower in the replication population (PRF+ = 0.014), we could confirm that CYP1B1 and CYP2C9 SNPs help to predict erosive disease in seropositive patients. These results are the first to suggest a RF-specific association of steroid hormone-related polymorphisms with erosive disease

Diseño para el consumo cultural, la innovación y la inclusión social

Esta obra presenta diversos trabajos de investigación que tienen en común propuestas de diseño desde la cultura, la inclusión y la innovación social, desarrolladas por investigadores nacionales e internacionales adscritos a diversas universidades, así como a programas de posgrado

Innovación del Diseño para el Desarrollo Social

Una labor de síntesis alrededor de la gran temática de este libro que surge a partir de una serie de reflexiones y propuestas encaminadas desde la innovación del diseño para el desarrollo social, refleja una invitación al lector para enunciar a partir de su lectura nuevas discusiones sobre el quehacer del diseño con una perspectiva de innovación para este tipo de desarrollo, es pues este texto una invitación a enunciar nuevos retos y diálogos partiendo de reconocer al desarrollo social como uno de los pilares fundamentales desde la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) como parte fundamental para garantizar el mejoramiento de la vida de las personas. Desde la disciplina del diseño y retomado como eje para su discusión se pretendería establecer una serie de reflexiones y acciones que permitan atender situaciones para grupos minoritarios y vulnerables, así como apoyar esfuerzos encaminados a mejorar la calidad de vida de los integrantes de grupos y sociedades establecidas y recuperar el patrimonio cultural como parte fundamental de las identidades culturales y por tanto de la historia de la humanidad.A lo largo de la historia, el diseño, en cualquiera de sus manifestaciones, ha estado presente en todos los ámbitos. Se ha convertido en una disciplina que evoluciona al ritmo de las sociedades, que se pone al servicio de las necesidades de mercado pero también de las que requieren un abordaje distinto, observadas desde una mirada que concierne a lo social, entendido éste como lo que se reproduce o se instaura en el colectivo, en el grupo, en las comunidades, en las sociedades como parte significativa de sus cotidianeidades. El Diseño desde esta perspectiva acompaña al ser humano produciendo una significación de los objetos como parte fundamental de sus vidas, que transforma una realidad deseada en una realidad concreta, de aquí la importancia de crear una conciencia social para la praxis laboral de esta disciplina. En este sentido el campo profesional, académico y de investigación del diseño debe ocuparse de crear, difundir y divulgar el quehacer de la misma, manifestando un equilibrio entre conciencia, racionalidad y la realidad. Desde el contexto planteado, la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, a través de su Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño presenta en esta obra una serie de reflexiones en torno al papel que desempeña el diseño humanístico, científico y tecnológico desde un enfoque de vanguardia e innovación para el desarrollo social, como resultado de la experiencia vertida en el Coloquio Internacional de Diseño que organiza éste año este espacio académico, en donde cada una de las aportaciones refleja la experiencia de cada uno de sus participantes; con base en ello, el presente libro integrado por una compilación de trabajos ofrece descripciones, análisis y propuestas que contribuyen a la solución de problemas procurando un desarrollo social

El final del Paleolítico cantábrico

Las ponencias aquí presentadas han sido organizadas en un primer bloque de cronología y medio natural, un segundo bloque sobre el hombre desde un punto de vista físico, y una larga serie de comunicaciones sobre síntesis regionales organizadas geográficamente. El lector se va a encontrar reflejadas, y más o menos directamente argumentadas, en los textos, diversas formas de enfocar la interpretación del registro arqueológico, en sus aspectos industriales, económicos o artísticos. Ello, puede permitir no solo un acopio de información referencial, sino una reflexión sobre las distintas formas de analizar, enfocar e interpretar. La obra pretende ser útil sobre todo a los interesados en la Prehistoria Cantábrica.CantabriaES

New advances in the study of the biodiversity of the SCI “Volcanes de fango del golfo de Cádiz” (southwestern Spanish Margin)

The Gulf of Cádiz represents an important seepage area with ca. 70 mud volcanoes (MV), of which one third are located in European waters (Spain and Portugal). Previous projects and expeditions resulted on a large amount of information on different aspects of MV of the Moroccan margin, which seem to have a higher seepage activity than those of the Iberian margin. Those studies mainly focused on their geological characteristics, whereas others offered novel information on their associated biota, especially the endosymbiont-bearing invertebrates as well as non-previously described species (Vanreusel et al. 2009). In 2014, the MV of the Spanish margin of the Gulf of Cádiz were included in the Natura 2000 network (Site of Community Importance - SCI "Volcanes de fango del golfo de Cádiz" - ESZZ12002) under the framework of the Life + project INDEMARES. Nowadays, the LIFE IP PAF INTEMARES project represents an opportunity for improving the knowledge on the biodiversity of this SCI

Gender-Specific Effects of Genetic Variants within Th1 and Th17 Cell-Mediated Immune Response Genes on the Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis

The present study was conducted to explore whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Th1 and Th17 cell-mediated immune response genes differentially influence the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in women and men. In phase one, 27 functional/tagging polymorphisms in C-type lectins and MCP-1/CCR2 axis were genotyped in 458 RA patients and 512 controls. Carriers of Dectin-2(rs4264222T) allele had an increased risk of RA (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.10-1.96) whereas patients harboring the DC-SIGN(rs4804803G), MCP-1(rs1024611G), MCP-1(rs13900T) and MCP-1(rs4586C) alleles had a decreased risk of developing the disease (OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.49-0.88; OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.89; OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.97 and OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.51-0.91). Interestingly, significant gender-specific differences were observed for Dectin-2(rs4264222) and Dectin-2(rs7134303): women carrying the Dectin-2(rs4264222T) and Dectin-2(rs7134303G) alleles had an increased risk of RA (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.34-2.79 and OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.29-2.80). Also five other SNPs showed significant associations only with one gender: women carrying the MCP-1(rs1024611G), MCP-1(rs13900T) and MCP-1(rs4586C) alleles had a decreased risk of RA (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.43-0.87; OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.95 and OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.42-0.86). In men, carriers of the DC-SIGN(rs2287886A) allele had an increased risk of RA (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.03-2.78), whereas carriers of the DC-SIGN(rs4804803G) had a decreased risk of developing the disease (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.32-0.89). In phase 2, we genotyped these SNPs in 754 RA patients and 519 controls, leading to consistent gender-specific associations for Dectin-2(rs4264222), MCP-1(rs1024611), MCP-1(rs13900) and DC-SIGN(rs4804803) polymorphisms in the pooled sample (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.08-1.77; OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.94; OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.97 and OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.34-0.93). SNP-SNP interaction analysis of significant SNPs also showed a significant two-locus interaction model in women that was not seen in men. This model consisted of Dectin-2(rs4264222) and Dectin-2(rs7134303) SNPs and suggested a synergistic effect between the variants. These findings suggest that Dectin-2, MCP-1 and DC-SIGN polymorphisms may, at least in part, account for gender-associated differences in susceptibility to RA

Dectin-2, DC-SIGN and MCP-1 polymorphisms associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

1<p>Models adjusted for age and gender.</p>2<p>Models adjusted for age.</p>3<p><i>p</i> value for testing of effect modification by gender was calculated utilizing an interaction term of gender and genetic polymorphism assuming a co-dominant model of inheritance. <i>P</i><0.05 in bold. Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p