Generalized Galilean Algebras and Newtonian Gravity

The non-relativistic versions of the generalized Poincar\'{e} algebras and generalized $AdS$-Lorentz algebras are obtained. This non-relativistic algebras are called, generalized Galilean algebras type I and type II and denoted by $\mathcal{G}\mathfrak{B}_{n}$ and $\mathcal{G}\mathfrak{L}_{_{n}}$ respectively. Using a generalized In\"{o}n\"{u}--Wigner contraction procedure we find that the generalized Galilean algebras type I can be obtained from the generalized Galilean algebras type II. The $S$-expansion procedure allows us to find the $\mathcal{G}\mathfrak{B}_{_{5}}$ algebra from the Newton--Hooke algebra with central extension. The procedure developed in Ref. \cite{newton} allow us to show that the non-relativistic limit of the five dimensional Einstein--Chern--Simons gravity is given by a modified version of the Poisson equation. The modification could be compatible with the effects of Dark Matter, which leads us to think that Dark Matter can be interpreted as a non-relativistic limit of Dark Energy.Comment: 16 pages, no figures in 755 (2016) 433-43

First-Principle Description of Correlation Effects in Layered Materials

We present a first-principles description of anisotropic materials characterized by having both weak (dispersion-like) and strong covalent bonds, based on the Adiabatic--Connection Fluctuation--Dissipation Theorem within Density Functional Theory. For hexagonal boron nitride the in-plane and out of plane bonding as well as vibrational dynamics are well described both at equilibrium and when the layers are pulled apart. Also bonding in covalent and ionic solids is described. The formalism allows to ping-down the deficiencies of common exchange-correlation functionals and provides insight towards the inclusion of dispersion interactions into the correlation functional.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter

Origin and provenance of igneous clasts from late Palaeozoic conglomerate formations (Del Ratón and El Planchón) in the Andean Precordillera of San Juan, Argentina

Late Palaeozoic conglomerate formations (Del Ratón and El Planchón) from the Andean Precordillera (Argentina) were studied to unravel their age, composition and provenance. The conglomerates from the Del Ratón Formation are formed by igneous clasts of acid, intermediate and basic compositions (volcanic and plutonic). Laser Ablation (ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb study has yielded an age of 348±2 Ma (late Tournaisian) for the crystallization of a granitic clast, interpreted as a maximum deposition age for the Del Ratón Formation. Geochemistry of these clasts (high LILE/HFSE and La/Yb ratios, negative Nb-Ta anomalies) suggests a calc-alkaline batholithic source, probably located along the Andean Frontal Cordillera currently to the west, where similar calc-alkaline igneous rocks have been described. The El Planchón Formation overlies the Del Ratón Formation and, in the studied conglomerates, there are only igneous clasts of mafic composition (volcanic/subvolcanic). These mafic clasts have a very similar petrography and geochemistry to the Late Ordovician mafic igneous rocks of the Western Precordillera (low LILE/HFSE and La/Yb ratios, no negative Nb-Ta anomalies). Therefore we suggest that the El Planchón conglomerate clasts were probably delivered mainly from northern sources within the Precordillera terrane. This change in clast provenance is tentatively related to a shift in mountain uplift from the Frontal Cordillera (in the west) to the Precordillera (in the east) after the early Visean.Las formaciones conglomeráticas del Paleozoico superior (Del Ratón y El Planchón) de la Precordillera Andina (Argentina) fueron es­tudiadas con el fin de determinar su edad, composición y procedencia. Los conglomerados de la Formación Del Ratón están constituidos por clastos de rocas ígneas (volcánicas y plutónicas) ácidas, intermedias y básicas. Un estudio en circones con espectrometría de masas con plasma acoplado por inducción con ablación láser (LA-ICP-MS) proporciona una edad de 348±2 Ma (Tournaisiense superior) para la cristalización de un clasto granítico, que interpretamos como la máxima edad del depósito de la Formación Del Ratón. La geoquímica de los clastos (altas relaciones LILE/HFSE y La/Yb, anomalías negativas de Nb-Ta) sugiere que probablemente derivan de batolitos calcoal­calinos descritos en algunos sectores de la Cordillera Frontal Andina localizada actualmente al oeste. La Formación El Planchón se super­pone a la Formación Del Ratón y los clastos estudiados en los conglomerados de esta formación son únicamente de rocas ígneas básicas (subvolcánicas/volcánicas). Estos clastos tienen una petrografía y geoquímica similar a las rocas ígneas máficas del Ordovícico Superior de la Precordillera Occidental (bajas relaciones LILE/HFSE y La/Yb, ausencia de anomalías negativas en Nb-Ta). Por ello nosotros suge­rimos que los clastos de los conglomerados de la Formación El Planchón proceden de materiales localizados al norte dentro de la propia Precordillera. Este cambio en la procedencia de los clastos es tentativamente relacionado con una transferencia de la deformación desde la Cordillera Frontal (al oeste) a la Precordillera (al este), provocando el levantamiento de la Precordillera a partir del Viseense inferior

Insights into the room temperature magnetism of ZnO/Co3O4 mixtures

The origin of room temperature (RT) ferromagneticlike behavior in ZnO-based diluted magnetic semiconductors is still an unclear topic. The present work concentrates on the appearance of RT magnetic moments in just mixed ZnO/Co3O4 mixtures without thermal treatment. In this study, it is shown that the magnetism seems to be related to surface reduction of the Co3O4 nanoparticles, in which, an antiferromagnetic Co3O4 nanoparticle (core) is surrounded by a CoO-like shell. This singular superficial magnetism has also been found in other mixtures with semiconductors such as TiO2 and insulators such as Al2O3

X-Ray Diffraction, Calorimetric and Dielectric Relaxation Study of the Amorphous and Smectic States of a Main Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymer

Los polímeros cristales líquidos (LCP) son sistemas complejos que forman mesofases que presentan orden orientacional y polímeros amorfos. Con frecuencia, el estado amorfo isotrópico no puede ser estudiado debido a la rápida formación de mesofases. En este trabajo se ha sintetizado y estudiado un nuevo LCP: poli(trietilenglicol metil p, p '-bibenzoato), PTEMeB. Este polímero presenta una formación de mesofase bastante lenta haciendo posible estudiar de forma independiente tanto los estados amorfo y de cristal líquidos. La estructura y las transiciones de fase del PTEMeB han sido investigados por calorimetría (DSC), con MAXS / WAXS con temperatura variable que emplean radiación de sincrotrón y con difracción de rayos X. Estos estudios han mostrado la existencia de dos transiciones vítreas, relacionadas con las fases amorfa y cristal líquido. Se ha realizado un estudio de relajación dieléctrica en amplios intervalos de temperatura y presión. Se ha encontrado que la transición vítrea dinámica de la fase amorfa es más lenta que la del cristal líquido. El estudio de la relajación ? nos ha permitido seguir la formación isoterma de la mesofase a presión atmosférica. Además, con el estudio el comportamiento dinámico a alta presión se ha encontrado que se produce la formación rápida de la mesofase inducida por cambios bruscos de presión. Liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) are complex systems that include features of both orientationally ordered mesophases and amorphous polymers. Frequently, the isotropic amorphous state cannot be studied due to the rapid mesophase formation. Here, a new main chain LCP, poly(triethyleneglycol methyl p,p'-bibenzoate), PTEMeB, has been synthesized. It shows a rather slow mesophase formation making possible to study independently both the amorphous and the liquid crystalline states. The structure and phase transitions of PTEMeB have been investigated by calorimetry, variable-temperature MAXS/WAXS employing synchrotron radiation, and X-ray diffraction in oriented fibers. These experiments have pointed out the presence of two glass transitions, related to the amorphous or to the liquid crystal phases. Additionally, the mesophase seems to be a coexistence of orthogonal and tilted smectic phases. A dielectric relaxation study of PTEMeB over broad ranges of temperature and pressure has been performed. The dynamic glass transition turns out to be slower for the amorphous state than for the liquid crystal. Monitoring of the α relaxation has allowed us to follow the isothermal mesophase formation at atmospheric pressure. Additionally, the dynamical behavior at high pressures has pointed out the fast formation of the mesophase induced by sudden pressure changes

Transient downflows associated with the intensification of small-scale magnetic features and bright point formation

Small-scale magnetic features are present everywhere in the solar photosphere. Theoretical models, numerical calculations, and simulations describing the formation of these features have existed for a few decades, but there are only a few observational studies in direct support of the simulations. In this study we present the evolution of small-scale magnetic features with a spatial resolution close to 0.15 arcsecond and compare these observations with those predicted by numerical simulations and also with previous observational work of a similar nature. We analyze a 40 min time sequence of full Stokes spectropolarimetric 630.25 nm data from a plage region near the Sun center. We use line-of-sight velocities and magnetic field measurements obtained using Milne-Eddington inversion techniques with and without stray-light compensation along with measured continuum and line minimum intensities. We discuss the results in relation to earlier observations and simulations. We present eight cases involving strong downflows and magnetic field intensification. All cases studied are associated with the formation of a bright point in the continuum. In three out of the eight cases we find the presence of weak opposite polarity field in close proximity to the downflow. Our data are consistent with earlier simulations describing flux tube collapse, but the transition to a state with stronger field appears transient and short-lived, rather than resulting in a permanent field intensification. Three cases of weak opposite polarity field found adjacent to the downflows do not appear related to reconnection but may be related to overturning convection pulling down some field lines and leading to up/down "serpentine" field, as seen in some simulations.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

Changes in biomarkers of redox status in serum and saliva of dogs with hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disorder diagnosed in dogs, leading to deleterious effects on a dog's life quality. This study aims to evaluate changes in the redox status in canine hypothyroidism. For this purpose, a comprehensive panel of antioxidants and oxidants biomarkers were measured in serum and saliva of 23 dogs with hypothyroidism, 21 dogs with non-thyroidal illness, and 16 healthy dogs. Among the antioxidants, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiol, paraoxonase type 1 (PON-1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in serum and CUPRAC, ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS) and TEAC in saliva. The oxidant biomarkers included were total oxidant status (TOS), peroxide-activity (POX-Act), reactive oxygen-derived compounds (d-ROMs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in serum and AOPP and TBARS in saliva. Results showed a significantly higher TEAC, PON-1, GPx, TOS, POX-Act, and d-ROMs, and a significantly lower AOPP in serum of dogs with hypothyroidism. Meanwhile, significantly lower FRAS and AOPP were observed in saliva of dogs with hypothyroidism. Once salivary concentrations were corrected based on their total protein concentrations, the only analyte showing significant changes was TBARS which was significantly higher in dogs with hypothyroidism. Our results show that dogs with hypothyroidism present alterations in the redox status in both serum and saliva. This study should be considered a preliminary study and further research addressing these changes should be made using larger populations. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-023-03586-4

Anomalous Quasiparticle Lifetime in Graphite: Band Structure Effects

We report ab initio calculation of quasiparticle lifetimes in graphite, as determined from the imaginary part of the self-energy operator within the GW aproximation. The inverse lifetime in the energy range from 0.5 to 3.5 eV above the Fermi level presents significant deviations from the quadratic behavior naively expected from Fermi liquid theory. The deviations are explained in terms of the unique features of the band structure of this material. We also discuss the experimental results from different groups and make some predictions for future experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted PR

Thermoresponsive Polymeric Nanolenses Magnify the Thermal Sensitivity of Single Upconverting Nanoparticles

Lanthanide-based upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are trustworthy workhorses in luminescent nanothermometry. The use of UCNPs-based nanothermometers has enabled the determination of the thermal properties of cell membranes and monitoring of in vivo thermal therapies in real time. However, UCNPs boast low thermal sensitivity and brightness, which, along with the difficulty in controlling individual UCNP remotely, make them less than ideal nanothermometers at the single-particle level. In this work, it is shown how these problems can be elegantly solved using a thermoresponsive polymeric coating. Upon decorating the surface of NaYF4:Er3+,Yb3+ UCNPs with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), a >10-fold enhancement in optical forces is observed, allowing stable trapping and manipulation of a single UCNP in the physiological temperature range (20–45 °C). This optical force improvement is accompanied by a significant enhancement of the thermal sensitivity— a maximum value of 8% °C+1 at 32 °C induced by the collapse of PNIPAM. Numerical simulations reveal that the enhancement in thermal sensitivity mainly stems from the high-refractive-index polymeric coating that behaves as a nanolens of high numerical aperture. The results in this work demonstrate how UCNP nanothermometers can be further improved by an adequate surface decoration and open a new avenue toward highly sensitive single-particle nanothermometryThis work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España (PID2019-106211RB-I00 PID2019-105195RA-I00 and MAT2017- 83111R), by the Comunidad de Madrid (S2017/BMD-3867 RENIM-CM), co-financed by European Structural and Investment Fund and by the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (SI1/PJI/2019-00052 and PR38/21-36 ANTICIPA-CM). D.L. acknowledges a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council (201808350097). J.R.B. acknowledges the support from Carl Tryggers Foundation (CTS18:229). M.I.M acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, through the “María de Maeztu” Programme for Units of Excellence in R&D (CEX2018-000805-M) and the MELODIA PGC2018-095777-B-C22 proje