SST singularity exponents (V.1.0) [Dataset]

SST singularity exponents. Filenames: Singularity_exponentsYYYMMDD120000_*.ncSpanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (10.13039/501100011033). DEMON project (PID2021-123457OB-C21) and the INTERACT project (PID2020-114623RB-C31).Peer reviewe

Non-invasive oxygenation support in acutely hypoxemic COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU: a multicenter observational retrospective study

Background: Non-invasive oxygenation strategies have a prominent role in the treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While the efficacy of these therapies has been studied in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the clinical outcomes associated with oxygen masks, high-flow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients remain unclear. Methods: In this retrospective study, we used the best of nine covariate balancing algorithms on all baseline covariates in critically ill COVID-19 patients supported with > 10 L of supplemental oxygen at one of the 26 participating ICUs in Catalonia, Spain, between March 14 and April 15, 2020. Results: Of the 1093 non-invasively oxygenated patients at ICU admission treated with one of the three stand-alone non-invasive oxygenation strategies, 897 (82%) required endotracheal intubation and 310 (28%) died during the ICU stay. High-flow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula (n = 439) and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (n = 101) were associated with a lower rate of endotracheal intubation (70% and 88%, respectively) than oxygen masks (n = 553 and 91% intubated), p < 0.001. Compared to oxygen masks, high-flow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula was associated with lower ICU mortality (hazard ratio 0.75 [95% CI 0.58-0.98), and the hazard ratio for ICU mortality was 1.21 [95% CI 0.80-1.83] for non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: In critically ill COVID-19 ICU patients and, in the absence of conclusive data, high-flow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula may be the approach of choice as the primary non-invasive oxygenation support strategy. Keywords: Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure; COVID-19; Intensive care; Non-invasive oxygenation

Non‑invasive oxygenation support in acutely hypoxemic COVID‑19 patients admitted to the ICU: a multicenter observational retrospective study

Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure; COVID-19; Intensive careInsuficiència respiratòria hipoxèmica aguda; COVID19; Medicina intensivaInsuficiencia respiratoria hipoxémica aguda; COVID-19; Medicina intensivaBackground: Non-invasive oxygenation strategies have a prominent role in the treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While the efficacy of these therapies has been studied in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the clinical outcomes associated with oxygen masks, high-flow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients remain unclear. Methods: In this retrospective study, we used the best of nine covariate balancing algorithms on all baseline covariates in critically ill COVID-19 patients supported with > 10 L of supplemental oxygen at one of the 26 participating ICUs in Catalonia, Spain, between March 14 and April 15, 2020. Results: Of the 1093 non-invasively oxygenated patients at ICU admission treated with one of the three stand-alone non-invasive oxygenation strategies, 897 (82%) required endotracheal intubation and 310 (28%) died during the ICU stay. High-flow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula (n = 439) and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (n = 101) were associated with a lower rate of endotracheal intubation (70% and 88%, respectively) than oxygen masks (n = 553 and 91% intubated), p < 0.001. Compared to oxygen masks, high-flow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula was associated with lower ICU mortality (hazard ratio 0.75 [95% CI 0.58-0.98), and the hazard ratio for ICU mortality was 1.21 [95% CI 0.80-1.83] for non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: In critically ill COVID-19 ICU patients and, in the absence of conclusive data, high-flow oxygen therapy by nasal cannula may be the approach of choice as the primary non-invasive oxygenation support strategy

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

Reconstruction of ocean velocities from the synergy between SSH and SST measurements

2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2015), Remote Sensing: Understanding the Earth for a Safer World, 26-31 July 2015, Milan, ItalyPeer Reviewe

What dynamical information can we extract from High Resolution Sea Surface Temperatures?

23rd International Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Science Team Meeting, 27 June -1 July 2022, BarcelonaSatellite infrared radiometers have provided high resolution (~1 km) measurements of the ocean surface during the last forty years. The existence of such a time series enables us to investigate different dynamical regimes of the upper ocean and monitor potential changes related to global warming. The main problem, however, is to extract the dynamical characteristics of the upper ocean. This is motivated by two types of difficulties: data related limitations (cloud coverage, noise level, failure of cloud mask algorithms, etc.) and the availability of tools to extract information (statistical tools, dynamical frameworks, etc.) In this session, we proposed to review some of these tools based on the multifractal theory of turbulence and other approaches, and to discuss how they are impacted by data limitationsPeer reviewe

High-resolution currents from the synergy between IR SST and altimetry - Recommendations

World Ocean Circulation User Consultation Meeting, 21-22 February 2019, Frascati, Rome, ItalyAccurate knowledge of spatial and temporal ocean surface currents at high resolution is essential for both navigation and operational applications. Therefore, a key problem in oceanography is the estimation of the synoptic velocity field. Currently, global ocean surface velocities are routinely estimated from Sea Surface Height (SSH) measurements provided by altimeters. Along-track altimetric measurements of SSH are very well suited to quantify across-track currents, but the spatial resolution of the derived 2D velocities from conventional altimeters is limited to scales above 100-150 km. We present here an approach that takes advantage of the higher temporal and spatial resolution provided by Sea Surface Temperature images (SST). It basically consists on the characterization of a transfer function between SST and SSH that allows to retrieve a synoptic ocean surface current field when applied to a single snapshot of SST. In this work, we first show that under certain circumstances, the information contained along the tracks may be enough to characterize this transfer function based on model outputs from the Mercator-Ocean system. Then the method is applied to real and simultaneous SST and along track SSH observations provided by ENVISAT and Sentinels 3 satellites. The quality of the method is assessed through comparisons to other surface current estimates, such as HF radar derived currents and in-situ surface currents provided by drifter buoys. The results show the capability to reconstruct the velocity field associated to coastal eddies with diameters of ~10 k

Reconstruction of Ocean Velocities from the Synergy between SSH and SST Measurements

Ocean Surface Currents: Towards future mission concepts. An international meeting to explore novel technologies and future mission concepts to measure ocean currents from space, 6-8 May 2013, the NetherlandsPeer Reviewe

Reconstruction of ocean currents at scales shorter than 30 km from existing satellite observations

IV Encuentro Oceanografía Física Española, celebrado del 20 al 22 de julio de 2016 en Alicante,España.-- 143 pageAlong-track altimetric measurements of Sea Surface Heights (SSH) are very well suited to quantify across-track currents. However, the spatial resolution of derived 2D velocities is restricted to scales above 100-150 km and the limited number of altimeters can lead to errors in the location of currents. On the contrary, infrared measurements of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) are well suited to locate flow patterns but it is difficult to extract quantitative estimations of ocean currents. To overcome the previous constrains we have developed a methodology to exploit the synergy between SST and SSH measurements to provide enhanced 2D surface currents. Our approach combines the usage of advanced signal processing techniques, such as wavelet analysis, with dynamical approaches like the Surface Quasi-Geostrophic (SQG) equations. This approach opens the door to retrieve the velocity field associated to structures smaller than 30 km, not accesible through the standard SSH maps. Here we will show some examples of the capabilities of our approach to retrieve the dynamics at such small scales by comparing the reconstruction from existing satellite information with in situ experiments and high resolution satellite data such as SAR mode CryoSat-2 measurementsPeer Reviewe