Las Mujeres marroquíes en Cataluña: entre la transgresión y el cambio

Aquesta comunicació és el resultat d?un treball de recerca que es va dur a terme per a l?assignatura d?estructura i canvi social, que tenia com a objectiu observar els canvis de rols de gènere produïts en les dones immigrades marroquines un cop havien arribat a Catalunya. D?aquesta manera es pretenia relacionar aquests canvis amb unes estratègies específiques d?inserció cultural i social en la societat receptora i estudiar quins factors influeixen en aquestes estratègies, distingint entre els factors que es donen en la societat d?origen (condicions objectives de vida de les dones marroquines, projectes vitals i projectes migratoris) i els que es donen en la societat receptora (situació jurídica, laboral, relacional).This communication is the result of research performed for the Social Structures and Changes subject and which sought to observe changes in gender roles that take place in Moroccan women once they have immigrated to Catalonia. The aim was to relate these changes to specific cultural and social insertion strategies in the host society and study what factors impact these strategies, distinguishing between factors that occur in the source society (objective living conditions of Moroccan women, life projects and migratory projects) and those arising in the host society (legal, occupational, relational situation).Esta comunicación es el resultado de un trabajo de investigación que se llevó a cabo para la asignatura de estructura y cambio social y que tenía como objeto observar los cambios de roles de género producidos en las mujeres inmigradas marroquíes una vez llegadas a Cataluña. De este modo se pretendía relacionar dichos cambios con unas estrategias específicas de inserción cultural y social en la sociedad receptora y estudiar qué factores influyen en dichas estrategias, distinguiendo entre aquellos factores que se dan en la sociedad de origen (condiciones objetivas de vida de las mujeres marroquíes, proyectos vitales y proyectos migratorios) y los que se dan en la sociedad receptora (situación jurídica, laboral, relacional)

Internet y conducta sexual de riesgo para VIH/SIDA en jóvenes

Objective: To determine whether the use of online sexual material influences sexual risk behavior for HIV / AIDS in young university students. Concepts of Social Cognitive Theory were used.Enfermería Global Nº 38 Abril 2015 Página 138Methods: A descriptive correlational design, involving 200 university students selected by systematic random sampling (k = 11).Results: Young people who used sexual material online rich media to masturbation (rs =.34), arousal (rs = 29), stimulation (rs = 29), adventure (rs = 30), meeting people (rs =.27), images (rs =.17) and cybersex (rs =.25) showed greater sexual risk behavior for HIV / AIDS (p <.01). The use of sexual material online for masturbation (R2 = 6.4%, F [1,189] = 12.80, p <.001), seeking adventures (R2 = 4.8%, F [1,189] = 9.56, p <.01), meeting people (R2 = 5.9%, F [1,189] = 11.88, p <.01) and have cybersex (R2 = 4.1%, F [1,189] = 8.07, p <.01) had a significant positive effect on behavior sexual risk for HIV/AIDS.Conclusions: The use of online sexual material influences sexual risk behavior for HIV/AIDS.Objetivo: Determinar si el uso de material sexual en línea influye en la conducta sexual de riesgo para VIH/SIDA en los jóvenes universitarios. Se utilizaron conceptos de la Teoría Cognitiva Social.Método: Diseño descriptivo correlacional, participaron 200 jóvenes universitarios, seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio sistemático (k = 11).Resultados: Los jóvenes que usaron material sexual en línea en medios ricos para masturbarse (rs = .34), excitarse (rs = .29), estimularse (rs = .29), buscar una aventura (rs = .30), conocer gente (rs = .27), imágenes (rs = .14) y cibersexo (rs = .25) mostraron mayor conducta sexual de riesgo para VIH/SIDA (p < .01). El uso de material sexual en línea para masturbarse (R2 = 6.4%, F [1,189] = 12.80, p < .001), buscar una aventura (R2 = 4.8%, F [1,189] = 9.56, p < .01), conocer gente (R2 = 5.9%, F [1,189] = 11.88, p < .01) y tener cibersexo (R2 = 4.1%, F [1,189] = 8.07, p < .01) presentó un efecto positivo y significativo en la conducta sexual de riesgo para VIH/SIDA.Conclusiones: El uso de material sexual en línea influye en la conducta sexual de riesgo para VIH/SIDA

Molecular effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on human neural stem cells

All Results NPs cells files are available from the Dryad repository (doi:10.5061/dryad.zpc866tf9).Nanoplastics (NPs) have been found in many ecological environments (aquatic, terrestrial, air). Currently, there is great concern about the exposition and impact on animal health, including humans, because of the effects of ingestion and accumulation of these nanomaterials (NMs) in aquatic organisms and their incorporation into the food chain. NPs´ mechanisms of action on humans are currently unknown. In this study, we evaluated the altered molecular mechanisms on human neural stem cell line (hNS1) after 4 days of exposure to 30 nm polystyrene (PS) NPs (0.5, 2.5 and 10 μg/mL). Our results showed that NPs can induce oxidative stress, cellular stress, DNA damage, alterations in inflammatory response, and apoptosis, which could lead to tissue damage and neurodevelopmental diseases.S

Relaciones entre los enfoques de aprendizaje y las estrategias de afrontamiento (proceso) con el engagement-bournout de los estudiantes universitarios (producto)

Introduction. Learning approaches have been defined as ways of interacting with the learning processes that arise from the perception of academic tasks, influenced by the personal characteristics of the students. Coping strategies in terms of constant change of cognitive and behavioral processes, developed in order to manage specific external or internal demands to reduce the negative qualities of a stressful situation. The Model 3P and DIDEPRO have established diverse variables of presage, process and product of the students, with consistent empirical evidence of these relationships. Among them, the present investigation is centered on the establishment of the role of emotional variables and their relationships with those of a motivational and cognitive nature.Method. A total of 250 students from the University of Almeria (Spain, corresponding to the second and fourth years of the Bachelor's and Bachelor's degrees, respectively) participated in this research. The Two-Factor Revised Study Process Questionnaire, R-SPQ-2F, validated with Spanish samples, was used to identify the different learning approaches that predominate in university students. It was measured using the Coping Strategies Scale, EEC, in its original version, based on the Lazarus and Folkman model, adapted for university students. The commitment-depletion was assessed through a validated Spanish version of the Marlach Bournout Inventory Survey-Utrech Work Engegement Scale for Students, with adequate reliability and construct validity indexes. The completion of the questionnaires was done anonymously, in class and in different weeks. An ex post facto research design was used. The analyzes carried out in relation to the objectives and hypotheses proposed were of association (Pearson bivariate correlations).Results A relationship of association -positive or negative, respectively- appeared between the deep learning approach (process variable) and the emotional commitment, engagement (as a product variable) as well as negative with emotional exhaustion (bournout). Conversely, the association relation of the superficial approach was negative with the engagement and positive with the bournout. The total score of coping strategies appeared positively associated with the bournout but not with the engagement. In a complementary way, coping strategies focused on emotion and problem appeared to be positively associated with bournout. Also, numerous specific meaningful relationships appeared.Discussion. The results confirm two aspects. On the one hand, the relevance of the 3P and DIDEPRO models, as consistent heuristics for the analysis of the university teaching-learning process. On the other, the importance of positive emotional (engagement) vs. negative (bournout), associated with the constructs learning approaches and coping strategies.Introducción. Los enfoques de aprendizaje han sido definidos como formas de interactuar con los procesos de aprendizaje que surgen de la percepción de las tareas académicas, influenciadas por las características personales de los alumnos. Las estrategias de afrontamiento en términos de cambio constante de los procesos cognitivos y de comportamiento, desarrollados con el fin de gestionar las demandas externas o internas específicas para reducir las cualidades negativas de una situación estresante. El Modelo 3P y DIDEPRO han establecido diversas variables de presagio, proceso y producto de los alumnos, con una evidencia empírica consistente de estas relaciones. Entre las mismas, la presente investigación está centrada en el establecimiento del papel de las variables emocionales y sus relaciones con las de carácter motivacional y cognitivo. Método. Un total de 250 estudiantes de la Universidad de Almería (España, correspondientes a segundo y cuarto curso, de Grado y Licenciatura, respectivamente,) participaron en esta investigación. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Proceso de Estudio Revisado de dos factores, R-SPQ-2F, validado con muestras españolas para identificar los diferentes enfoques de aprendizaje que predominan en los estudiantes universitarios. Se midió utilizando la Escala de Estrategias de Afrontamiento, EEC, en su versión original, basada en el modelo de Lazarus y Folkman, adaptado para los estudiantes universitarios. El compromiso-agotamiento se evaluó a través de una versión española validada del Marlach Bournout Inventory Survey-Utrech Work Engegement Scale for Students, con adecuados índices de fiabilidad y validez de constructo. La cumplimentación de los cuestionarios se realizó de manera anónima, en clase y en semanas diferentes. Se utilizo un diseño de investigación de carácter ex postfacto. Los análisis realizados en relación a los objetivos e hipótesis propuestos fueron de asociación (correlaciones bivariadas de Pearson).Resultados. Apareció una relación de asociación -positiva o negativa significativa respectivamente-, entre el enfoque profundo de aprendizaje (variable de proceso) y el compromiso emocional, engagement (como variable producto) así como negativa con el agotamiento emocional (bournout). A la inversa, la relación de asociación del enfoque superficial fue negativa con el engagement y positiva con el bournout. La puntuación total de estrategias de afrontamiento apareció asociada positivamente con el bournout pero no con el engagement. De forma complementaria, las estrategias de afrontamiento centrado en la emoción y en problema aparecieron asociados positivamente con el bournout. También, aparecieron numerosas relaciones significativas específicas.Discusión. Los resultados confirman dos aspectos. De una parte, la relevancia de los modelos 3P y DIDEPRO, como heurísticos consistentes para el análisis del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje universitario. De otra, la importancia de las emocionales positivas (engagement) vs. negativas (bournout), asociadas a los constructos enfoques de aprendizaje y estrategias de afrontamiento

Neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption caused by polystyrene nanoparticles in zebrafish embryo

Nanoplastics (NP) are present in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Humans can be exposed to them through contaminated water, food, air, or personal care products. Mechanisms of NP toxicity are largely unknown and the Zebrafish embryo poses an ideal model to investigate them due to its high homology with humans. Our objective in the present study was to combine a battery of behavioral assays with the study of endocrine related gene expression, to further explore potential NP neurotoxic effects on animal behavior. Polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNP) were used to evaluate NP toxicity. Our neurobehavioral profiles include a tail coiling assay, a light/dark activity assay, two thigmotaxis anxiety assays (auditory and visual stimuli), and a startle response - habituation assay in response to auditory stimuli. Results show PSNP accumulated in eyes, neuromasts, brain, and digestive system organs. PSNP inhibited acetylcholinesterase and altered endocrine-related gene expression profiles both in the thyroid and glucocorticoid axes. At the whole organism level, we observed altered behaviors such as increased activity and anxiety at lower doses and lethargy at a higher dose, which could be due to a variety of complex mechanisms ranging from sensory organ and central nervous system effects to others such as hormonal imbalances. In addition, we present a hypothetical adverse outcome pathway related to these effects. In conclusion, this study provides new understanding into NP toxic effects on zebrafish embryo, emphasizing a critical role of endocrine disruption in observed neurotoxic behavioral effects, and improving our understanding of their potential health risks to human populations.This work was supported by the Joint Research Institute IMIENS (Grant Number: IMIENS-2020-001-PIC), and the Spanish Government (Grant Number: PID2021-125948OB-I00 from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE to ADV).S

Contrasting catastrophic eruptions predicted by different intrusion and collapse scenarios

Catastrophic volcanic eruptions triggered by landslide collapses can jet upwards or blast sideways. Magma intrusion is related to both landslide-triggered eruptive scenarios (lateral or vertical), but it is not clear how such different responses are produced, nor if any precursor can be used for forecasting them. We approach this problem with physical analogue modelling enhanced with X-ray Multiple Detector Computed Tomography scanning, used to track evolution of internal intrusion, and its related faulting and surface deformation. We find that intrusions produce three different volcano deformation patterns, one of them involving asymmetric intrusion and deformation, with the early development of a listric slump fault producing pronounced slippage of one sector. This previously undescribed early deep potential slip surface provides a unified explanation for the two different eruptive scenarios (lateral vs. vertical). Lateral blast only occurs in flank collapse when the intrusion has risen into the sliding block. Otherwise, vertical rather than lateral expansion of magma is promoted by summit dilatation and flank buttressing. The distinctive surface deformation evolution detected opens the possibility to forecast the possible eruptive scenarios: laterally directed blast should only be expected when surface deformation begins to develop oblique to the first major fault

Validation of the child and youth resilience measure-28 (CYRM-28) among Spanish youth

Objectives: This article presents a validation study of the 28-item Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28). The sample contained 365 Spanish youth ages between 15 to 21, from Navarre (Spain), all of them enrolled in Initial Vocational Qualification Programs. Method: The CYRM-28 was administered to students from 27 secondary schools in the province of Navarre. Confirmatory analyses were conducted. Results: The structure of the original scale was confirmed, as well as acceptable psychometric properties. Discussion: Findings add support to the CYRM-28 as a reliable and valid self-report instrument that measures three components of resilience processes in the lives of youth with complex needs. The CYRM-28 shows adequate psychometric properties, the CFA presents indices of goodness and fit (Chi-squared = 60,170, df = 17, p < .001; CFI = .960, TLI = .934, IFI = .961, RFI = .911 and NFI = .946; RMSEA = .084). Conclusion: Advanced statistical modeling yielded evidence that the scale, originally developed for use in several countries, can be used to assess resilience in Spanish youth.This work was supported by Ministry of Education and Science (R&D Project PGC2018-094672-B-I00); University of Almería (UAL18-SEJ-DO31-A-FEDER) and the European Social Fund

Propuesta de diseño de manual de funciones y procedimientos para el Juzgado de Distrito Penal de Estelí, durante el año 2018

La propuesta que se presenta beneficia la ejecución de sus actividades, agilizando la realización de las mismas, asegurando el mejoramiento de las prácticas, haciendo del juzgado una institución más funcional, se hace atendiendo principalmente las necesidades que se presentan actualmente en la confusión de las funciones y la lentitud de los procesos llevados a cabo. Es necesario que el juzgado realice delimitación de funciones de acuerdo a los cargos que lo comprenden, y así alivianar la sobre carga laboral que se está presentando, de igual manera se necesita detallar los procesos que se llevan a cabo dentro de esta institución para acelerar la ejecución de los mismos