El Sistema bancario español y la crisis financiera de los mercados

La crisis financiera internacional ha hecho tambalear los cimientos del sistema financiero y bancario a nivel mundial. Las actuaciones de los Bancos Centrales son las que han determinado la intensidad y duración de la crisis, tal y como se ha puesto de manifiesto con la FED y el BCE a través de sus medidas de política monetaria. El caso de Europa destaca debido a que la crisis de la deuda soberana agravó los efectos de la crisis económica, tras un incremento generalizado de la prima de riesgo. Países como Grecia tuvieron que ser intervenidos, y otros como España lo fueron de manera parcial con un complejo proceso de reestructuración bancaria del que salieron entidades como BFA – Bankia.Departamento de Fundamentos del Análisis Económico e Historia e Instituciones EconómicasGrado en Economí

Desarrollo de métodos de bioensayo con garrapatas aplicados a la detección de potenciales bioplaguicidas botánicos

Este capítulo trata de comparar la metodología usada de forma rutinaria para evaluar la actividad de agentes garrapaticidas, no adaptada a la evaluación de extractos y productos naturales, desarrolladas en el contexto del proyecto CYTED P307AC0512 específicas para la aplicación de extractos y productos de origen botánico. En primer lugar se describen los métodos utilizados y descritos en la bibliografía y después se describe la metodología desarrollada y algunos resultados obtenidos como ejemplosPublishe

Nuevas aportaciones al análisis arqueológico del castillo de Alcaraz (Albacete)

El proyecto de desarrollo rural, en el marco territorial de la Sierra de Alcaraz y Campo de Montiel, supuso el inicio de la investigación de los contextos arqueológicos de la fortaleza de Alcaraz. Este enclave fue cabeza de comarca de un importante distrito en la Edad Media. Se presenta un primer balance de los resultados obtenidos, a partir de distintos criterios de actuación. Cuestiones iniciales que pretenden establecer una serie de parámetros sobre las técnicas constructivas, el origen de la fortificación y la configuración de su recinto amurallado

Effect of anticoagulant therapy in tehe incidence of post-throbotic syndrome and recurrent thromboemboembolism : comparative study of euoxeparin versus coumarin

Producción CientíficaObjective: We evaluated the effect of long-term anticoagulant treatment (enoxaparin vs coumarin) in patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) as to incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) and recurrent venous thromboembolism. We also analyzed the impact of thrombus regression after the anticoagulant treatment for these two outcomes. Methods: A prospective study was designed in which 165 patients with symptomatic, unilateral, first-episode DVT were randomized to a long-term anticoagulant treatment with coumarin or enoxaparin during at least 3 months. The rate of thrombus regression was defined as the difference in Marder score after 3 months of treatment by venography. Follow-up was performed at 3, 6, and 12 months, and yearly thereafter for 5 years. Venous disease was related to pathologic severity of PTS according to the validated scale of Villalta as rated by a physician blinded to treatment. Recurrence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism was documented objectively. Results: The 5-year follow-up period was completed for 100 patients (enoxaparin, 56; coumarin, 44). A lesser incidence of PTS was observed in the enoxaparin group (39.3% absent, 19.6% severe) than in the coumarin group (29.5% absent, 29.5% severe), although this difference was not statistically significant. The accumulated recurrence rate was 19.3% with enoxaparin compared with 36.6% with coumarin (P .02). Although the mean Marder score was significantly improved in both groups (49.1% for enoxaparin vs 24.0% for coumarin; P .016), a lower reduction in thrombus size was associated with higher clinical events of recurrence (hazard ratio 1.97; 95% CI, 1.06-3.66; P .032). A significant inverse correlation was also found between the degree of thrombus regression at 3 months and the incidence at 5 years of PTS (P .007). Conclusions: Residual venous thrombosis is an important risk factor for recurrent thromboembolism and PTS. A greater reduction in thrombus size was associated with lesser clinical events of recurrence and consequently a lesser rate of PTS. However, despite a greater recanalization with enoxaparin, the incidence of PTS was similar between both treatment groups, probably because of the small sample size. Further investigations are needed to clarify the implication of the anticoagulant treatment in the severity of PTS. (J Vasc Surg 2008;48:953-9.

Caffeine Health Claims on Sports Supplement Labeling. Analytical Assessment According to EFSA Scientific Opinion and International Evidence and Criteria

Caffeine is a food supplement widely consumed by athletes, but it has not been established. So far, the veracity of their labeling in terms of the dosage and cause/effect relationship aimed at the consumer. The aim is to analyze the health claims and the dosage presented on the labeling of caffeine supplements and to evaluate if they follow the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and international criteria. A descriptive cross-sectional study of a sample of caffeine supplements was carried out. The search was done through the Amazon and Google Shopping web portals. In order to assess the adequacy of the health claims, the guidelines of reference established by European Food Safety Authority were compared to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Olympic Committee, and Australian Institute of Sport guidelines; in addition, recent systematic reviews were addressed. A review of labels of 42 caffeine supplements showed that, in less than 3% of the products were the health claims supported by the recommendations and by the labeled quantity of caffeine. The claims that fully complied the recommendations were, “improves or increases endurance performance”, “improves strength performance”, or “improves short-term performance”. In most cases, the recommended dosage was 200 mg/day for these products, which is the minimum for the caffeine effects to be declared. The rest of the health claims were not adequate or need to be modified. Most of the health claims identified indicated an unproven cause and effect, which constitutes consumer fraud, and so must be modified or eliminated

A new PTGDR promoter polymorphism in a population of children with asthma.

[EN] Recently, functional genetic variants of the PTGDR gene have been associated with asthma. The objective of this work was to study polymorphisms of the promoter region of PTGDR and their haplotype and diplotype combinations in a Spanish population of children with asthma. In this study, 200 Caucasian individuals were included. Asthma was specialist-physician diagnosed according to the ATS criteria. The polymorphisms were analyzed by direct sequencing. In the study, the new polymorphism (-613C > T) in the promoter region of PTGDR was analyzed. The CT genotype was more common in controls (17%) than in patients with asthma (1%) (p-value = 0.0003; OR, 0.057; 95% CI, 0.007-0.441). The CCCT CCCC diplotype (promoter positions -613, -549, -441, and -197) was more frequent in the group of patients with asthma [Fisher's p-value = 0.012; OR, 10.24; 95% CI (1.25-83.68)]; this diplotype is unambiguous. To our knowledge, this is the first study of -613C > T PTGDR polymorphism in patients. This analysis provides more complete information on influence of diplotype combinations of PTGDR polymorphisms in asthma.Fundación para la Investigación de la Sociedad Española de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica

Prevalence of hepatitis E infection in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in Spain (2012-2014)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has emerged as a relevant pathogen for HIV-infected patients. However, there is scarce data on HEV infection in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals with advanced fibrosis, which seems to increase the risk of HEV infection and worsen the prognosis of liver disease. We aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies, acute hepatitis E, resolved hepatitis E, and exposure to HEV in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients and to evaluate associations with clinical and epidemiological characteristics. We performed a cross-sectional study on 198 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, 30 healthy controls and 36 HIV-monoinfected patients. We found a low concordance between techniques used for detection of anti-HEV antibodies (ELISA versus Immunoblot), particularly in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. HIV/HCV-coinfected patients showed the highest prevalence of IgG against HEV, resolved hepatitis E, and exposure to HEV (19.2%, 17.2%, and 22.2% respectively). However, we did not find any samples positive for HEV-RNA nor significant differences between groups. Moreover, HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with CD4 T-cells <350 cells/mm3 had higher prevalence for anti-HEV IgG antibodies, resolved hepatitis E, and exposure to HEV than healthy controls or those with CD4 T-cells ≥ 350 cells/mm3 (p = 0.034, p = 0.035, and p = 0.053; respectively). In conclusion, HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in Spain have a high prevalence for IgG anti-HEV antibodies, resolved hepatitis E, and exposure to HEV; particularly patients with CD4+T-cells <350 cells/mm3.The HIV BioBank, integrated in the Spanish AIDS Research Network, is supported by the Institute of Health Carlos III, ISCIII, Spanish Health Ministry (Grant n° RD06/0006/0035 and RD12/0017/0037) as part of the State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation and co-financed by ISCIII- Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and Foundation for Research and Prevention of AIDS in Spain (FIPSE). The RIS Cohort (CoRIS) is funded by the ISCIII through the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS C03/173 and RD12/0017/0018) as part of the State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation and co-financed by ISCIII- Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This study was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCII; grant numbers grant numbers PI14/01094 and PI17/00657 to JB, PI14/01581, and PI17/00903 to JGG, PI14CIII/00011, and PI17CIII/00003 to SR), Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad (grant number EC11–241). The RD16CIII/0002/0002, RD16/0025/0017, and RD16/0025/0018 projects also funded the study as part of the Plan Nacional R + D + I and co-funded by ISCIII- Subdirección General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). JB is an investigator from the Programa de Intensificación de la Actividad Investigadora en el Sistema Nacional de Salud (I3SNS), Refs INT15/00079 and INT16/00100.S

Assessment of humoral immune response to two mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (Moderna and Pfizer) in healthcare workers fully vaccinated with and without a history of previous infection

Aims: Presence of anti-S1 region of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was analysed, at two and eight months, in 477 immunocompetent healthcare workers in Zaragoza, Spain, vaccinated with mRNA-1273 (Moderna) or BNT162b2 (Pfizer). Methods and results: Antibody analysis was performed with Alinity i System (Abbott). At 2 months, 100% of vaccinated had anti-S1 IgG (mean = 13, 285 AU ml-1). This value was significantly higher with Moderna (18, 192 AU ml-1) than with Pfizer (10, 441 AU ml-1). The mean value of anti-S1 IgG after vaccination was significantly higher in patients with than without previous infection (18, 539 vs. 7919 AU ml-1); in both groups was significantly higher with Moderna than with Pfizer (21, 881 vs. 15, 733 AU ml-1 and 11, 949 vs. 6387 AU ml-1), respectively. At 8 months, 100% of patients were IgG positive, with higher levels with Moderna than with Pfizer. Nevertheless, in ensemble of cases, a mean decrease of antibody levels of 11, 025 AU ml-1 was observed. Conclusion: At 2 and 8 months after vaccination, IgG response persists with both vaccines but with important decrease which suggests the need for revaccination. Significance and impact of study: The study contributes to know the immune status after vaccination with two of more used anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. This knowledge is important for establishing the best vaccination strategy. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Applied Microbiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for Applied Microbiology

La gestión del patrimonio bibliográfico: actualización de las prácticas de la asignatura de Fondo Antiguo del Grado en Información y Documentación

Memoria ID-156. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2018-2019

Persistence of Anti-S1 IgG against SARS-CoV-2 eight months after the Booster dose of Vaccine in naive and previously infected healthcare workers

Our aim was to evaluate the immune response of healthcare workers included in the RIPOVAC study, after receiving a booster dose (third dose), in terms of intensity and persistence of induced antibodies. In the second phase of the RIPOVAC study, between December 2021 and January 2022, eight months after the second dose, 389 voluntary, immunocompetent, non-pregnant healthcare workers received a booster dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and a serum sample was obtained. Two groups of patients were established: with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. In order to quantify anti-S1 IgG (AU/mL) we used CMIA (Abbott). All of the health workers were anti-S IgG positive 8 months after receiving the booster dose of the vaccine, with a mean of 17,040 AU/mL. In 53 patients without previous infection, antibody levels increased by a mean of 10,762 AU/mL. This figure is seven times higher than the one produced after the second dose (1506 AU/mL). The booster dose produces a robust elevation of the antibody level, which persists at 8 months, with levels significantly higher than those reached after the second dose, which allow one to predict a persistence of more than one year. The study demonstrates the efficacy of the booster dose of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines