The bootstrap -A review

The bootstrap, extensively studied during the last decade, has become a powerful tool in different areas of Statistical Inference. In this work, we present the main ideas of bootstrap methodology in several contexts, citing the most relevant contributions and illustrating with examples and simulation studies some interesting aspects

ITERL: A Wireless Adaptive System for Efficient Road Lighting

This work presents the development and construction of an adaptive street lighting system that improves safety at intersections, which is the result of applying low-power Internet of Things (IoT) techniques to intelligent transportation systems. A set of wireless sensor nodes using the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.4 standard with additional internet protocol (IP) connectivity measures both ambient conditions and vehicle transit. These measurements are sent to a coordinator node that collects and passes them to a local controller, which then makes decisions leading to the streetlight being turned on and its illumination level controlled. Streetlights are autonomous, powered by photovoltaic energy, and wirelessly connected, achieving a high degree of energy efficiency. Relevant data are also sent to the highway conservation center, allowing it to maintain up-to-date information for the system, enabling preventive maintenance.Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda Junta de Andalucía G-GI3002 / IDIOFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional G-GI3002 / IDI

Governo aberto na gestão das prefeituras: Política informativa e intermediação através das redes sociais da prefeitura de Sant Cugat del Vallès

Information policy has fostered a change in relations between the public administration and the media, between the politician and the journalist, or between the mayor and the citizen, strengthening contact and generating new forms of behaviour and relationship between both spaces and actors in social life. This article aims to show how social networks have transformed the relationship between municipalities and the media, as well as to show the role of citizens during this new framework of social interaction.La política informacional ha propiciado un cambio de relaciones entre la administración pública y los medios de comunicación, entre el político y el periodista o entre el alcalde y el ciudadano; ha estrechado el contacto y generado nuevas formas de comportamiento y de relaciones entre ambos espacios y actores de la vida social. Este trabajo pretende mostrar cómo las redes sociales han trasformado la relación entre ayuntamientos y medios de comunicación, así como evidenciar el papel de los ciudadanos en este nuevo marco de interacción social.A política informacional propiciou uma mudança nas relações entre a administração pública e a mídia, entre o político e o jornalista ou entre o prefeito e o cidadão, estreitando o contato e gerando novas formas de comportamento e relacionamento entre ambos espaços e atores da vida social. Este trabalho procura mostrar como as redes sociais transformaram o relacionamento entre os municípios e a mídia, igualmente evidenciar o papel dos cidadãos diante desse novo quadro de interação.social

Herramienta para medir la gestión de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en empresas constructoras

la presente investigación responde a la interrogante de que si es posible generar una herramienta para medir la gestión de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) en las empresas constructoras. La metodología aplicada es de tipo cualitativo, tomando como base conceptual para la realización de la herramienta El Libro Verde. Fomentar un marco europeo para la responsabilidad social de las empresas, de la comisión de las comunidades europeas y la herramienta brindada por el CERES 2010. Como resultado, se expone una herramienta validada para analizar la gestión de RSE en empresas constructoras, a base de los ejes: gobernabilidad, relaciones laborales, medio ambiente, proveedores, clientes, comunidades y políticas públicas; con la finalidad de que organizaciones de este sector empresarial puedan evaluar e identificar las principales falencias en cuanto a su gestión de la RSE y, con ello, establecer estrategias y facilitar la toma de decisiones. Palabras clave: Constructora, Evaluación organizacional, Gestión, RSE, Stakeholders. The present investigation responds to the question of whether it is possible to create a tool to measure the management of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of construction companies. The methodology applied is of a qualitative nature as a conceptual basis for the realization of the tool is El Libro Verde, Fomentar un marco europeo para la responsabilidad social de las empresas of The Commission of the European Communities and the Tool Provided by CERES 2010. The result is a validated tool for the construction organizations based on the axes: governance, labor relations, environment, suppliers, customers, communities and public policies. Giving opportunity to the organizations to this kind of organization to evaluate and identify the main shortcomings in terms of their management of CSR and with this, strategies are established to facilitate decision-making.Key words: Construction, Management, Organizational Evaluation, CSR, Stakeholder

Brown bear behaviour in human-modified landscapes: The case of the endangered Cantabrian population, NW Spain

Large carnivores are recolonizing parts of their historical range in Europe, a heavily modified human landscape. This calls for an improvement of our knowledge on how large carnivores manage to coexist with humans, and on the effects that human activity has on large carnivore behaviour, especially in areas where carnivore populations are still endangered. Brown bears Ursus arctos have been shown to be sensitive to the presence of people and their activities. Thus, bear conservation and management should take into account potential behavioural alterations related to living in human-modified landscapes. We studied the behaviour of brown bears in the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain, where an endangered population thrives in a human-modified landscape. We analysed bear observations video-recorded over a 10-year period to try to identify human and landscape elements that could influence bear behaviour. Neither the occurrence nor the duration of vigilance behaviour in Cantabrian bears seemed to be influenced by the proximity of human infrastructures and activity. Our findings suggest that the general pattern of human avoidance by bears is adapted to the human-modified landscape they inhabit. Bears generally avoid people, but close presence of human infrastructures or activity did not seem to trigger an increased bear behavioural response. Coexistence between large carnivores and humans in human-modified landscapes is possible, even when human encroachment is high, provided that carnivores are not heavily persecuted and direct interactions are avoided. Further research should also document the potential existence of other responses to human presence and activity, e.g., hunting, traffic noise, and measuring stress levels with physiological indicators.This research was financially supported by the IBA (International Association for Bear Research and Management) grant project IBA-RG_16_2016 ‘Brown bear behaviour in human-dominated landscapes: the effect of human density and ecotourism’. During this research, G.B. was financially supported by a collaboration contract with the MUSE – Museo delle Scienze of Trento (Italy), J.M-P. was supported by the ARAID foundation and V.P., A.O. and R.G.G. were also financially supported by the Excellence Project CGL2017-82782-P financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO), the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, EU)

Cuantificación electroquímica de la superficie electroactiva de nanopartículas de Au soportadas sobre ITO a diferentes monocapas mediante electrodepósito de Cu a subpotencial

En el presente trabajo, se llevó a cabo la determinación del área superficial activa, ASA, de nanopartículas de Au, AuNPs, soportadas sobre ITO, a diferentes monocapas de AuNPs. Para llevar a cabo lo anterior, se formaron monocapas de AuNPs sobre la superficie del electrodo de ITO a través de un policatión, la poli L-lisina, PLL, entre cada capa. Una vez formada cada monocapa, se lleva a cabo el proceso de electrodepósito de Cu a subpotencial, UPD, en una disolución acuosa de Cu²⁺, empleando las técnicas electroquímicas de voltamperometría cíclica y cronoamperometría. Del análisis de los transitorios potenciostáticos de corriente se determinó la carga eléctrica involucrada en el proceso de formación de cada monocapa, y a partir de esta se determinó el ASA con respecto a las monocapas 1, 2 y 5.The present work was conducted to determine the active surface area, ASA, of Au nanoparticles, AuNPs, supported on ITO, to different monolayers AuNPs. To perform the above, AuNPs monolayers on the surface of ITO electrode is formed through a polycation, poly L-lysine, PLL, between each layer. Each monolayer once formed, is held the Cu electroplating process underpotential, UPD, in an aqueous solution of Cu²⁺, using electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Analysis potentiostatic current transient electrical load involved in the formation of each monolayer was determined, and from this, the ASA was determined over monolayers 1, 2 and 5

An entropy test for single-locus genetic association analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The etiology of complex diseases is due to the combination of genetic and environmental factors, usually many of them, and each with a small effect. The identification of these small-effect contributing factors is still a demanding task. Clearly, there is a need for more powerful tests of genetic association, and especially for the identification of rare effects</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We introduce a new genetic association test based on symbolic dynamics and symbolic entropy. Using a freely available software, we have applied this entropy test, and a conventional test, to simulated and real datasets, to illustrate the method and estimate type I error and power. We have also compared this new entropy test to the Fisher exact test for assessment of association with low-frequency SNPs. The entropy test is generally more powerful than the conventional test, and can be significantly more powerful when the genotypic test is applied to low allele-frequency markers. We have also shown that both the Fisher and Entropy methods are optimal to test for association with low-frequency SNPs (MAF around 1-5%), and both are conservative for very rare SNPs (MAF<1%)</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We have developed a new, simple, consistent and powerful test to detect genetic association of biallelic/SNP markers in case-control data, by using symbolic dynamics and symbolic entropy as a measure of gene dependence. We also provide a standard asymptotic distribution of this test statistic. Given that the test is based on entropy measures, it avoids smoothed nonparametric estimation. The entropy test is generally as good or even more powerful than the conventional and Fisher tests. Furthermore, the entropy test is more computationally efficient than the Fisher's Exact test, especially for large number of markers. Therefore, this entropy-based test has the advantage of being optimal for most SNPs, regardless of their allele frequency (Minor Allele Frequency (MAF) between 1-50%). This property is quite beneficial, since many researchers tend to discard low allele-frequency SNPs from their analysis. Now they can apply the same statistical test of association to all SNPs in a single analysis., which can be especially helpful to detect rare effects.</p

Major bleeding predictors in patients with left atrial appendage closure: The iberian registry II

Introduction and objective: Major bleeding events in patients undergoing left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) range from 2.2 to 10.3 per 100 patient-years in di erent series. This study aimed to clarify the bleeding predictive factors that could influence these di erences. Methods: LAAC was performed in 598 patients from the Iberian Registry II (1093 patient-years; median, 75.4 years). We conducted a multivariate analysis to identify predictive risk factors for major bleeding events. The occurrence of thromboembolic and bleeding events was compared to rates expected from CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, stroke history, vascular disease, sex) and HAS-BLED (hypertension, abnormal renal and liver function, stroke, bleeding, labile INR, elderly, drugs or alcohol) scores. Results: Cox regression analysis revealed that age 75 years (HR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.3 to 4.8; p = 0.004) and a history of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) (HR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1 to 3.9; p = 0.020) were two factors independently associated with major bleeding during follow-up. Patients aged <75 or 75 years had median CHA2DS2-VASc scores of 4 (IQR: 2) and 5 (IQR: 2), respectively (p < 0.001) and HAS-BLED scores were 3 (IQR: 1) and 3 (IQR: 1) for each group (p = 0.007). Events presented as follow-up adjusted rates according to age groups were stroke (1.2% vs. 2.9%; HR: 2.4, p = 0.12) and major bleeding (3.7 vs. 9.0 per 100 patient-years; HR: 2.4, p = 0.002). Expected major bleedings according to HAS-BLED scores were 6.2% vs. 6.6%, respectively. In patients with GIB history, major bleeding events were 6.1% patient-years (HAS-BLED score was 3.8 1.1) compared to 2.7% patients-year in patients with no previous GIB history (HAS-BLED score was 3.4 1.2; p = 0.029). Conclusions: In this high-risk population, GIB history and age 75 years are the main predictors of major bleeding events after LAAC, especially during the first year. Age seems to have a greater influence on major bleeding events than on thromboembolic risk in these patient

Gobernanza y gestión del agua en el Occidente de México: la metrópoli de Guadalajara

La disponibilidad de agua como tal no es el problema más importante en la gestión del agua. La incertidumbre se sitúa en la capacidad para implementar sistemas de control, distribución y acceso al agua de una forma equitativa. Garantizar el acceso de agua potable a toda la población no es un problema financiero sino político, un asunto de prioridad .Ahora disponemos de un vasto conocimiento y herramientas aplicables en el campo de la hidrología, biotecnología e ingeniería del agua, pero nuestro entendimiento sobre procesos socioeconómicos, culturales y políticos involucrados en la gestión del agua, sigue siendo limitado. En este libro, desde diferentes ángulos, se analizan formas de gestión del agua, escenarios de gobernanza, conflictos sociales y soluciones de carácter sociopolítico y técnico encaminadas a un manejo más sustentable del agua con posibilidades de ser apropiado socialmente. La obra tiene un fuerte componente con tintes de ecología política alrededor de los conflictos por el agua en la metrópoli de Guadalajara y la cuenca Lerma–Chapala–Santiago, sobre todo en aquellos casos donde coinciden situaciones de deterioro ambiental y formas inadecuadas de desarrollo urbano. En las alternativas que se analizan y proponen, se descubre una rica diversidad que encabezan organizaciones sociales, ciudadanos, actores sociopolíticos, universidades e instituciones con diferentes niveles de impacto, vinculación y trayectorias. Se distinguen escalas y formas de gobernanza del agua a nivel de cuenca, zona metropolitana de Guadalajara, municipios y sistemas hidrográficos (microcuencas y sistemas de abastecimiento), además de revisar estilos de desarrollo urbano asociados al manejo del agua con una perspectiva de análisis y de propuesta.ITESO, A.C