El patrimonio gastronómico del municipio de Toluca: el caso del pulque y las pulquerías (1841-1920)

Se hace un esbozo de algunos elementos históricos del pulque y las pulquerías del municipio de Toluca en el periodo de 1841-1920, particularmente sobre la producción, comercialización y consumo. El método utilizado fue la microhistoria con información obtenida del Archivo Histórico del Municipio de Toluca y fuentes bibliohemerográficas. Los resultados muestran una producción significativa del pulque, la existencia de un gran número de establecimientos que lo expendían, la importancia del rol de la mujer en la comercialización y cómo el ferrocarril contribuyó a la distribución de la bebida. Se concluye que este patrimonio gastronómico fue importante para el municipio y que el consumo de la bebida era generalizado entre toda la población

Electrooxidation-Ozonation: A Synergistic Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Process

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have shown to be very useful technologies for application in different wastewater treatment areas. These processes use the very strong oxidizing power of hydroxyl radicals to oxidize organic compounds to carbon dioxide and water. These procedures usually involve the use of O3, H2O2, Fenton’s reagent and electrolysis to generate the hydroxyl radicals. However, some recent investigations have found that the use of a coupled processes using O3/electrooxidation increases the effectiveness of the process and also could reduce the operating costs associated to the application of AOPs. In this chapter, there is a description of our work in the treatment of wastewater using an ozonation-electrooxidation combined process. The main parameters to control for having a successful application of such method are discussed. Several examples for different kinds of polluted water are addressed

Evolución clínica y complicaciones de fractura supracondílea tratadas en niños menores de 14 años atendidos en el servicio de ortopedia y traumatología del Hospital

Objetivo: El presente estudio fue realizado para determinar la evolución clínica y complicaciones por fractura supracondílea en niños menores de 14 años atendidos en el servicio de ortopedia y traumatología del Hospital Dr. Fernando Vélez Páiz. Managua, en el periodo de 2019-2021.Diseño Metodológico: Estudio con un enfoque cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, con una muestra de 253 niños y niñas atendidos en sala de urgencias y clínica de consulta externa del servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología en el período de los años 2019-2021.Resultados: El 66.0% tenían de 6 a 10 años, el sexo masculino representó el 66.0%. La mayoría de procedencia urbana con el 85.0%. La principal causa de la fractura fue la caída sin altura (92.5%) siendo afectado el miembro superior izquierdo con mayor frecuencia (67.2%). Con un mecanismo de trauma en extensión con el 94.9%. La fractura de Gartland tipo I representó el 53.4%. en el 53.4% el manejo de la fractura fue conservador con reducción cerrada y yeso braquiopalmar. El principal manejo quirúrgico fue realizado con técnica de fijación de clavos divergentes (73.7%). El ángulo de Bowmann postquirúrgico en el 97.5% fue de 68° a 77°. Las complicaciones postquirúrgicas se presentaron en el 3.2% de los pacientes, con la presentación de cúbito varo. De acuerdo a los criterios de Flynn el 72.3% presentó un resultado excelente. Palabras Clave (fractura supracondílea- evolución clínica - complicaciones)

L-Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway and KCa Channels in Endothelial Cells: A Mini-Review

The endothelium is an organ with a key role in the maintenance of cardiovascular health through the regulation of vascular tone, vascular resistance, blood flow, and arterial pressure. These functions are related with the synthesis and release of vasoactive molecules, mainly vasodilators like nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Both factors are released and diffused from endothelial cells to the smooth muscle cells, where there is a subsequent activation of signaling pathways that finally decrease the intracellular calcium to induce the vascular relaxation. The study of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the endothelial function still is in development, but from the evidence obtained from the endothelial cells in vitro studies are possible to partially describe the pathways to regulate the physiological endothelial function and the disturbances in pathological conditions. In this mini-review, we describe the main mechanisms for NO synthesis and the role of potassium channels related with EDHF. We include schemes and graphical summaries for better understanding of the molecular regulation of vascular tone in the human cardiovascular system

First record of Amblyomma tigrinum (Acari: Ixodidae) on puma (Puma concolor) in Argentina and new associations for carnivores in San Juan province

Amblyomma tigrinum is a tick species widely distributed in South America. In Argentina, it has been recorded to occur in nearly all phytogeographic regions, exhibiting its plasticity to different types of environments. This tick is of medical and veterinary importance because its adult stages have been recorded primarily in mammals, including humans. Specifically in San Juan province, records of A. tigrinum are almost non-existent, with only two mentions, but which have no indication of host or specific place of collection. For this reason, the goal of this study is to report the first case of A. tigrinum in Argentina, as well as two new parasite-host associations of the adult tick in other carnivores in San Juan. We analyzed two individuals, one puma and one fox, which arrived at the Wildlife Rehabilitation, Environmental Education and Responsible Recreation Center (Parque Faunistico). Moreover, we analyzed one canid specimen obtained during a field sampling event. Our results indicated new records for San Juan province of A. tigrinum parasitizing Canis familiaris and Lycalopex gymnocercus, in addition to the first record for Argentina of this tick parasitizing a Puma concolor individual. The present study affords novel information about natural associations for carnivore hosts in San Juan province, and the first record of this tick on a puma for Argentina. Thus, we are contributing to the knowledge of parasite-host relationships on the group of carnivores in Argentina.Fil: González Rivas, Cynthia Jesica. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Castillo, Gabriel Natalio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Juan Carlos. Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre; Argentin

Contributions to the Knowledge of Sexual Dimorphism in Liolaemus darwinii (Squamata, Liolaemidae) in the Monte Desert of Argentina

The lizard Liolaemus darwinii (Liolaemidae) is a typical species with wide distribution in Monte environments of Argentina. The objective of this study is contribute to knowledge of sexual dimorphism in a population of L. darwinii (Bell, 1843). We evaluated sexual shape variation of the cephalic region through procustes analyses with geometric morphometry. We predict that the heads in males will have diff erences in shape with respect to females. The results showed signifi cant sexual diff erences in shape, mainly in the region around the eyes. There were no signifi cant differences in sizes. Geometric morphometry analyses are a useful tool for addressing sexual differences in Monte lizards. This constitutes the first study for the center-west of Argentina in San Juan province that implements these geometric morphometry analyses.Fil: Castillo, Gabriel Natalio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: González Rivas, Cynthia Jesica. Centro de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre, Educación Ambiental y Recreación Responsable; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentin

Liolaemus olongasta (Chelco Lizard): Endoparasites

A total of 158 species of the genus Liolaemus occur in Argentina (Abdala and Quinteros 2014. Cuad. Herpetol. 28:55–82). In Argentina, L. olongasta is distributed in San Juan, Mendoza, and Rioja provinces (Abdala et al. 2012. Cuad. Herpetol. 26:215–248). It is mainly insectivorous and has a unimodal activity pattern (Acosta et al. 2017. Los Reptiles de San Juan. Editorial Brujas, Córdoba. 130 pp.). It is currently categorized as a non-threatened species (Abdala et al. 2012. Cuad. Herpetol. 26:215–248). Here, we report on the helminth endoparasites in the gastrointestinal tracts of L. olongasta in Matagusanos, San Juan Province, Argentina. In February 2017, three specimens of L. olongasta (adult males: mean SVL = 5.9 ± 0.17 cm, range: 5.7–6 mm; weight = 7.4 ± 0.37 g, range (7–7.7 g) were collected at Matagusanos, San Juan Province (31.24638°S, 68.62916°W; 910 m elev.). Phytogeographically, the area is included in the Monte. The stomach and intestines were longitudinally slit, and their contents were examined using a microscope. The dissection revealed one type of prey item and nematodes. The nematodes found were stored in 70% ethanol. Nematode observation and identification was done using the diaphanization by lactophenol technique. The specimens were deposited in the parasitological collection of the Department of Biology, National University of San Juan (UNSJPar254). A dissection of the animal revealed recent ingesta that included one scorpion. A total of two nematodes larvae of the genus Physaloptera were isolated from the stomachs of one adult specimen (infection prevalence = 33.3%, with a mean intensity of 2 and mean abundance of 0.66). Species of the genus Physaloptera occur in the stomach of a variety of terrestrial vertebrates (Goldberg and Bursey 1989. J. Wildl. Dis. 25:425–429). Larvae are common in amphibians and lizards (Anderson 2000. Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates: Their Development and Transmission. CABI Publishing, Oxon, U.K. 650 pp.). Currently, there are 100 Physaloptera described, including valid and inquirendae species, nine of these were described from reptiles (Pereira et al. 2012. J. Parasitol. 98: 1227–1235). In Argentina, Physaloptera has been reported the following reptiles: Liolaemus quilmes, Liolaemus ornatus, Liolaemus alticolor (Ramallo and Díaz 1998. Bol. Chil. Parasitol. 53:19–22), Tropidurus etheridgei (Cruz et al. 1998. Herpetol. Nat. Hist. 6:23–21), Leiosaurus catamarcensis, Leiosaurus belli, Liolaemus neuquensis (Goldberg et al. 2004. Comp. Parasitol. 71:208–214), Liolaemus koslowskyi, Liolaemus darwinii (O’Grady and Dearing 2006. Oecologia 150:355– 361), and Xenodon merremi (Lamas et al. 2016. Facena 32:59–67). Physaloptera sp. in Liolaemus olongasta is a new host record from Argentina.Fil: Castillo, Gabriel Natalio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: González Rivas, Cynthia Jesica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentin

Caracterización de las estructuras diamétricas de los bosques naturales del noroeste de Durango, México

The diameter distribution of 44 permanent plots (conifers and broadleaf trees) was modeled using the three-parameter Weibull and Johnson's SB probability density functions (PDFs) in Santiago Papasquiaro, Durango. Four different methods of fitting parameters were used: maximum likelihood (ML), moments (MM), non-linear regression by ordinary least squares (ONLS) and percentiles (MP). The best method of fitting parameters for conifers and broadleaf trees was the method of moments. In modeling the Weibull PDFs, it was assumed that the location parameter (ε) corresponds to the minimum measurable diameter. The scale parameter (λ) was modeled using the method of prediction parameter (PPM) through a linear regression relating to the quadratic mean diameter and dominant height of the stand. Finally, the shape parameter (γ) was indirectly recovered by the method of moments through prediction of the average diameter of the stand. According to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (P= 0.05), 71 % of the plots for the group of conifers and 68 % of the plots for the group of broadleaf species come from a population that follows the fitting distribution functionLa distribución diamétrica de 44 parcelas permanentes (coníferas y latifoliadas) se modeló a través de las funciones de densidad de probabilidad (FDP) Weibull de tres parámetros y SB Johnson, en el municipio de Santiago Papasquiaro, Durango. Para ello, se emplearon cuatro métodos de ajuste de parámetros: máxima verosimilitud, momentos, regresión no lineal por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y percentiles. El mejor método de ajuste para las especies de coníferas y latifoliadas fue el método de momentos. En el modelado de la FDP Weibull se asumió que el parámetro de localización (ε) corresponde al diámetro mínimo inventariable de la distribución. El parámetro de escala (λ) se modeló con el procedimiento de predicción de parámetros a través de un modelo de regresión lineal simple que relaciona γ con el diámetro cuadrático medio y la altura dominante del rodal. Finalmente, el parámetro de forma (γ) fue recuperado indirectamente por el método de momentos a través de la predicción del diámetro medio del rodal. De acuerdo con la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov (P = 0.05), 71 % de las parcelas del grupo de especies de coníferas y 68 % de las parcelas del grupo de latifoliadas provienen de una población que sigue la función de distribución ajustadaS

Parasitic nematodes of reptiles (lizards and snakes) in the Monte Desert of Argentina

Nematodes are little known in the Argentine herpetofauna. In order to increase and contribute to the knowledge of parasitism in reptiles, we studied nematodes found in three species of lizards (Aurivela longicauda, Liolaemus darwinii, and L. riojanus) and one species of snake (Philodryas trilineata) from the Monte desert of center-west Argentina. We registered generalist nematodes commonly found in reptiles, belonging to three taxa: Physaloptera sp. (larvae), Physaloptera retusa (adults) (Physalopteridae) and Parapharyngodon riojensis (Pharyngodonidae) (adults). Liolaemus darwinii had the lowest prevalence of Physaloptera sp. (larvae) (30%) and a mean intensity of 1.3±0.4 (1–2). The lizard A. longicauda had the highest parasitic diversity (2 taxa) with prevalence (50%) and mean intensity (4±3.5) of Physaloptera retusa (adults), also with prevalence (12.5%) and mean intensity (20±0) of Parapharyngodon riojensis (adults). Due to the low number of studied specimens, precise conclusions cannot be drawn for Liolaemus riojanus (n = 2) and P. trilineata (n = 1). However, because the hosts were previously fixed, the results probably may do not represent real infection patterns.The four reptile species correspond to new host records from Argentina, and the information provided contributes to the knowledge of endoparasitism in reptiles of the Argentine Monte region.Fil: Castillo, Gabriel Natalio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: González Rivas, Cynthia Jesica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Ramallo, Geraldine. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Zoología. Instituto de Invertebrados; Argentin

Critical thinking: the ARDESOS-DIAPROVE programme in dialogue with the Inference to the Best and Only explanation

[EN]In our daily lives, we are often faced with the need to explain various phenomena, but we do not always select the most accurate explanation. For example, let us consider a “toxic” relationship with physical and psychological abuse, where one of the partners is reluctant to end it. Explanations for this situation can range from emotional or economic dependency to irrational hypotheses such as witchcraft. Surprisingly, some people may turn to the latter explanation and consequently seek ineffective solutions, such as visiting a witch doctor instead of a psychologist. This choice of an inappropriate explanation can lead to actions that are not only ineffective but potentially harmful. This example underscores the importance of inference to the best explanation (IBE) in everyday decision making. IBE involves selecting the hypothesis that would best explain the available body of data or evidence, a process that is crucial to making sound decisions but is also vulnerable to bias and errors of judgment. Within this context, the purpose of our article is to explore how the IBE process and the selection of appropriate explanations impact decision making and problem solving in real life. To this end, we systematically analyze the role of IBE in the ARDESOS-DIAPROVE program, evaluating how this approach can enhance the teaching and practice of critical thinking