La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Municipios de Gachalá, Junín, Chía-Cota, Ibagué, Nilo

El conflicto armado es un problema de impacto en Colombia ya que los más afectados en esta situación son los niños, niñas, adultos, ancianos, no importan su género, religión, raza, este grupo de personas son atropellados en varios derechos como el respeto, la igualdad, la dignidad, a la vida, entre otras. Estas poblaciones son olvidadas por el gobierno, de igual manera son personas que son afectadas psicológica, social, emocional, y físicamente, por eso la importancia de trabajar con este grupo de población, es crear estrategias para minimizar riesgo traumático y emocionales. El conflicto armado nen nuestro país, data de muchos años atrás, y surge por diferencias entre partidos políticos y la noción de injusticias sociales, sobre todo en la repartición de la tierra (entendida este como un factor de producción y riqueza) y la carencia de espacios destinados a la participación ciudadana. Durante todos estos años (más de 50 décadas), han ido surgiendo nuevos actores, producto de un cambio de pensamiento y una necesidad de poder y control, no solo monetario, sino de territorito, y así es precisamente como se involucran al conflicto los narcotraficantes, quienes en su lucha por ganar territorios, han provocado un sin numero de desplazamiento y han sembrado terror y miedo en muchas poblaciones, aprovechando un poco el desinterés del estado en estos territorios y su localización, que por lo general es de difícil acceso. (Ribera, 2008) Las poblaciones que habitan en estos territorios disputados por los actores armados, son quienes deben vivir el conflicto día a día, pues se les limita sus participaciones, pensamientos y hasta acciones; allí en esta población se hace realmente lo que estos grupos ordenen, dejando atrás el concepto de estado social de derecho, enmarcado en la constitución política de Colombia. Sus pobladores muchas veces cansados de la situación, abandonan todo, buscando una vida propia; y es donde se produce el desplazamiento. Sin embargo, el daño ya se encuentra en esta población desplazada, ellos deben luchar por sanar sus heridas, tanto físicas como emocionales y mentales; y es allí donde se propone una intervención psicosocial. La intervención psicosocial propone como objetivo buscar acciones psicosociales para mejorar la salud mental de este tipo de población. Como primer paso a esta intervención psicosocial, se propone en el presente documento un diagnostico social desde la narrativa como instrumento principal, buscando que las victimas afronten la situación y acepten los sucesos vividos, evitando una negación y rechazo de sus experiencias, para lo cual se aplica el enfoque narrativo, en donde mediante el relato de Peñas Coloradas, se plantean una serie de estrategias psicosociales, identificando las acciones a implementar y el impacto que se busca generar en los actores involucrados.The armed conflict is a problem of impact in Colombia since the most affected in this situation are children, adults, the elderly, no matter their gender, religion, race, this group of people are trampled on various rights such as respect, equality, dignity, life, among others. These populations are forgotten by the government, in the same way they are people who are affected psychologically, socially, emotionally, and physically, so the importance of working with this population group is to create strategies to minimize traumatic and emotional risk. The armed conflict in our country dates back many years, and arises from differences between political parties and the notion of social injustices, especially in the distribution of land (understood as a factor of production and wealth) and the lack of spaces for citizen participation. During all these years (more than 50 decades), new actors have emerged, as a result of a change of thought and a need for power and control, not only monetary, but also territorial, and that is precisely how drug traffickers get involved in the conflict. , who in their struggle to gain territories, have caused countless displacement and have sown terror and fear in many populations, taking a little advantage of the state's disinterest in these territories and their location, which is generally difficult to access. (Ribera, 2008) The populations that inhabit these territories disputed by the armed actors are the ones who must live the conflict day by day, since their participation, thoughts and even actions are limited; There, in this population, what these groups order is really done, leaving behind the concept of the social state of law, framed in the political constitution of Colombia. Its inhabitants, who are often tired of the situation, abandon everything, looking for a life of their own; and is where the displacement occurs. However, the damage is already in this displaced population, they must fight to heal their wounds, both physical, emotional and mental; and it is there where a psychosocial intervention is proposed. The psychosocial intervention proposes the objective of seeking psychosocial actions to improve the mental health of this type of population. As a first step to this psychosocial intervention, a social diagnosis from the narrative is proposed in this document as the main instrument, seeking that the victims face the situation and accept the events experienced, avoiding a denial and rejection of their experiences, for which applies the narrative approach, where through the story of “Peñas Coloradas”, a series of psychosocial strategies are proposed, identifying the actions to be implemented and the impact that it seeks to generate on the actors involved

SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA EN FAMILIAS DE NUEVO LEÓN, MÉXICO

La seguridad alimentaria se puede analizar a partir de información generada para otros objetivos, sin embargo lo deseable es que esa información sea creada con la finalidad de analizar, desarrollar programas y crear políticas alimentarias, en Nuevo León, México, se realizan investigaciones poblacionales pero ninguna de ellas enfoca directamente el aspecto de la seguridad alimentaria de manera que los resultados e inferencias se determinan de otras investigaciones y bases de datos. La seguridad alimentaria es una condición dinámica en  la que se incluyen a los factores sociales, la falta de seguridad alimentaria en general no es un problema de producción sino a la falta de “Derecho alimentario” que significa falta de recursos para adquirirlos. Las fuentes de información que sustentan la seguridad alimentaria nutricional son variadas pero deben permitir el seguimiento de la situación alimentaria, entre otros, la vigilancia nutricional y alimentaria es la más frecuente a través de encuestas cualitativas y cuantitativas. En el análisis de la seguridad alimentaria en Nuevo León se utilizaron los componentes de disponibilidad alimentaria, acceso alimentario y otros indicadores tales como:peso al nacer, estado nutricio en menores de cinco años, patrón de consumo alimentario, índice de marginación, intervenciones en nutrición.Palabras calves: seguridad alimentaria, familias, Nuevo León, México Nourishing security, families, Nuevo León, Méxic

Maternal serum adipokines and inflammatory markers at late gestation and newborn weight in mothers with and without gestational diabetes mellitus

Objectives: Maternal obesity increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and is positively correlated with neonatal obesity increasing the risk of adiposity in both young and adult offspring. Maternal secreted factors from adipose tissue such as adipokines and inflammatory cytokines may regulate fetal growth. This study investigated associations between maternal adipokines and inflammatory markers at late gestation, and neonatal anthropometric characteristics in mothers with and without GDM. Material and methods: The study included 65 women with GDM and 65 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance evaluated at the time of term elective Caesarean section. Adiponectin, leptin, resistin, adipsin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), nerve growth factor (NGF), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations were measured in maternal serum by the multiplex immunoassay using Magpix technology. C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured with a particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay and neonatal anthropometric variables were assessed. The association of birthweight with individual biomarkers was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression adjusted for maternal factors. Results: Adiponectin, leptin, resistin, adipsin, NGAL and NGF were not significantly associated with higher birthweight. The maternal factors in association with higher birthweight observed in GDM were CRP, MCP-1 and TNF-alpha levels. Regression analysis showed that TNF-alpha was an independent risk factor for higher birthweight (p = 0.046). Conclusions: These results suggest an involvement of maternal inflammatory markers at late gestation and fetal growth in mothers with GDM, and that TNF-alpha could play a major role

Borrelia burgdorferi infection induces long-term memory-like responses in macrophages with tissue-wide consequences in the heart

Lyme carditis is an extracutaneous manifestation of Lyme disease characterized by episodes of atrioventricular block of varying degrees and additional, less reported cardiomyopathies. The molecular changes associated with the response to Borrelia burgdorferi over the course of infection are poorly understood. Here, we identify broad transcriptomic and proteomic changes in the heart during infection that reveal a profound down-regulation of mitochondrial components. We also describe the long-term functional modulation of macrophages exposed to live bacteria, characterized by an augmented glycolytic output, increased spirochetal binding and internalization, and reduced inflammatory responses. In vitro, glycolysis inhibition reduces the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by memory macrophages, whereas in vivo, it produces the reversion of the memory phenotype, the recovery of tissue mitochondrial components, and decreased inflammation and spirochetal burdens. These results show that B. burgdorferi induces long-term, memory-like responses in macrophages with tissue-wide consequences that are amenable to be manipulated in vivo.Supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU) co-financed with FEDER funds (SAF2015-65327-R and RTI2018-096494-B-100 to JA; BFU2016-76872-R to EB, AGL2017-86757-R to LA, SAF2017-87301-R to MLMC, SAF2015-64111-R to AP, SAF2015-73549-JIN to HR), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PIE13/0004 to AP), the Basque Government Department of Health (2015111117 to LA), the Basque Foundation for Innovation and Health Research (BIOEF), through the EiTB Maratoia grant BIO15/CA/016/BS to MLMC, the regional Government of Andalusia co-funded by CEC and FEDER funds (Proyectos de Excelencia P12-CTS-2232) and Fundación Domingo Martínez (to AP). LA is supported by the Ramon y Cajal program (RYC-2013-13666). DB, MMR and TMM are recipients of MCIU FPI fellowships. ACG and AP are recipients of fellowships form the Basque Government. APC is a recipient of a fellowship from the University of the Basque Country. We thank the MCIU for the Severo Ochoa Excellence accreditation (SEV-2016-0644), the Basque Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade (Etortek and Elkartek programs), the Innovation Technology Department of the Bizkaia Province and the CIBERehd network. DB and JA are supported by a grant from the Jesús de Gangoiti Barrera Foundation

Multicentric study of cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus testing and assessment of triage methods in Latin America : the ESTAMPA screening study protocol

Q1Q1Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is replacing cytology in primary screening. Its limited specificity demands using a second (triage) test to better identify women at high-risk of cervical disease. Cytology represents the immediate triage but its low sensitivity might hamper HPV testing sensitivity, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where cytology performance has been suboptimal. The ESTAMPA (EStudio multicéntrico de TAMizaje y triaje de cáncer de cuello uterino con pruebas del virus del PApiloma humano; Spanish acronym) study will: (1) evaluate the performance of different triage techniques to detect cervical precancer and (2) inform on how to implement HPV-based screening programmes in LMIC. Methods and analysis Women aged 30–64 years are screened with HPV testing and Pap across 12 study centres in Latin America. Screened positives have colposcopy with biopsy and treatment of lesions. Women with no evident disease are recalled 18 months later for another HPV test; those HPV-positive undergo colposcopy with biopsy and treatment as needed. Biological specimens are collected in different visits for triage testing, which is not used for clinical management. The study outcome is histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial or worse lesions (HSIL+) under the lower anogenital squamous terminology. About 50 000 women will be screened and 500 HSIL+ cases detected (at initial and 18 months screening). Performance measures (sensitivity, specificity and predictive values) of triage techniques to detect HSIL+ will be estimated and compared with adjustment by age and study centre. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), of the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) and by those in each participating centre. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) has been established to monitor progress of the study, assure participant safety, advice on scientific conduct and analysis and suggest protocol improvements. Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings. Trial registration number NCT01881659Revista Internacional - Indexad

Lo glocal y el turismo. Nuevos paradigmas de interpretación.

El estudio del turismo se realiza desde múltiples escalas y enfoques, este libro aborda muchos temas que es necesario discutir desde diversas perspectivas; es el caso de la reflexión sobre la propia disciplina y sus conceptos, así como los asuntos específicos referidos al impacto territorial, los tipos de turismo, las cuestiones ambientales, el tema de la pobreza, la competitividad, las políticas públicas, el papel de las universidades, las áreas naturales protegidas, la sustentabilidad, la cultura, el desarrollo, la seguridad, todos temas centrales documentados y expuestos con originalidad y dominio del asunto. Lo multiescalar es básico para la comprensión del sistema turístico, sistema formado de procesos globales, regionales y locales. El eje de discusión del libro es lo glocal, esa interacción entre lo nacional y local con lo global

Trayectos de investigación en trabajo social: hacia una cultura de investigación.

Los contenidos de Trayectos de investigación en Trabajo Social ponen a consideración del público diversas temáticas que, estructuradas como líneas de investigación, motivan la controversia y la construcción de conocimiento al interior del programa, en algunos casos como resultado de procesos de investigación formativa y del desarrollo de semilleros de investigación, y en otros como resultado de apuestas individuales que logran convencer e involucrar a otros miembros del equipo docente. Esto, en atención a la necesidad de resaltar y fortalecer una relación entre docencia e investigación que evite que el proceso formativo se convierte en rutinario y sin sentido, ante la dinámica de los problemas y contextos frente a los cuales se pretende reflexionar y generar conocimiento. En esa medida, es esencial mencionar que el interés de los investigadores del programa es que, además de apreciar el proceso vivido en cada caso, la comunidad académica pueda relacionar entre si las diferentes temáticas que, tal vez por ser presentadas en forma separa como líneas de investigación, puedan no ser visualizadas como parte integral del proceso complejo de configuración del actuar investigativo en el marco del programa de Trabajo Social

The outcome of boosting mitochondrial activity in alcohol-associated liver disease is organ-dependent.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) accounts for 70% of liver-related deaths in Europe, with no effective approved therapies. Although mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the earliest manifestations of alcohol-induced injury, restoring mitochondrial activity remains a problematic strategy due to oxidative stress. Here, we identify methylation-controlled J protein (MCJ) as a mediator for ALD progression and hypothesize that targeting MCJ may help in recovering mitochondrial fitness without collateral oxidative damage. APPROACH AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice [wild-type (Wt)] Mcj knockout and Mcj liver-specific silencing (MCJ-LSS) underwent the NIAAA dietary protocol (Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 5% (vol/vol) ethanol for 10 days, plus a single binge ethanol feeding at day 11). To evaluate the impact of a restored mitochondrial activity in ALD, the liver, gut, and pancreas were characterized, focusing on lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, intestinal permeability, and microbiota composition. MCJ, a protein acting as an endogenous negative regulator of mitochondrial respiration, is downregulated in the early stages of ALD and increases with the severity of the disease. Whole-body deficiency of MCJ is detrimental during ALD because it exacerbates the systemic effects of alcohol abuse through altered intestinal permeability, increased endotoxemia, and dysregulation of pancreatic function, which overall worsens liver injury. On the other hand, liver-specific Mcj silencing prevents main ALD hallmarks, that is, mitochondrial dysfunction, steatosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, as it restores the NAD + /NADH ratio and SIRT1 function, hence preventing de novo lipogenesis and improving lipid oxidation. CONCLUSIONS Improving mitochondrial respiration by liver-specific Mcj silencing might become a novel therapeutic approach for treating ALD.This work was supported by grants from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Programa Retos-Colaboración RTC2019-007125-1 (for Jorge Simon and Maria Luz Martinez-Chantar); Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Retos a la Sociedad AGL2017- 86927R (for F.M.); Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Proyectos de Investigación en Salud DTS20/00138 and DTS21/00094 (for Jorge Simon and Maria Luz Martinez-Chantar, and Asis Palazon. respectively); Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias co-founded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund, “Investing in your future” PI19/00819, “Una manera de hacer Europa” FIS PI20/00765, and PI21/01067 (for Jose J. G. Marin., Pau Sancho-Bru,. and Mario F. Fraga respectively); Departamento de Industria del Gobierno Vasco (for Maria Luz Martinez-Chantar); Asturias Government (PCTI) co-funding 2018-2023/ FEDER IDI/2021/000077 (for Mario F. Fraga.); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades MICINN: PID2020-117116RB-I00, CEX2021-001136-S PID2020-117941RB-I00, PID2020-11827RB-I00 and PID2019-107956RA-100 integrado en el Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y Innovación, cofinanciado con Fondos FEDER (for Maria Luz Martinez-Chantar, Francisco J Cubero., Yulia A Nevzorova and Asis Palazon); Ayudas Ramón y Cajal de la Agencia Estatal de Investigación RY2013-13666 and RYC2018- 024183-I (for Leticia Abecia and Asis Palazon); European Research Council Starting Grant 804236 NEXTGEN-IO (for Asis Palazon); The German Research Foundation SFB/TRR57/P04, SFB1382-403224013/ A02 and DFG NE 2128/2-1 (for Francisco J Cubero and Yulia A Nevzorova); National Institute of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) 1U01AA026972-01 (For Pau Sancho-Bru); Junta de Castilla y León SA074P20 (for Jose J. G. Marin); Junta de Andalucía, Grupo PAIDI BIO311 (for Franz Martin); CIBERER Acciones Cooperativas y Complementarias Intramurales ACCI20-35 (for Mario F. Fraga); Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte FPU17/04992 (for Silvia Ariño); Fundació Marato TV3 201916-31 (for Jose J. G. Marin.); Ainize Pena-Cearra is a fellow of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/ EHU); BIOEF (Basque Foundation for Innovation and Health Research); Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (Maria Luz Martinez-Chantar and Teresa C. Delgado.); Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC Scientific Foundation) Rare Tumor Calls 2017 (for Maria Luz Martinez-Chantar); La Caixa Foundation Program (for Maria Luz Martinez-Chantar); Proyecto Desarrollo Tecnologico CIBERehd (for Maria Luz Martinez-Chantar); Ciberehd_ISCIII_MINECO is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III.S