Evaluacion de la ecuacion de Penman-Monteith modificada por la FAO en el distrito agroclimatico de Talca

Resumen (Spanish, English)50 p.Un estudio fue llevado a cabo con el objetivo de evaluar los modelos propuestos por la FAO para estimar evapotranspiración (ET0), radiación neta (Rn) y flujo de calor del suelo (G) en intervalos horarios y diarios, sobre una cubierta vegetal de pasto bien regada, en la Estación Experimental Panguilemo (35°23’ 13’’ Latitud Sur, 71°40’ 42’’ Longitud Oeste y a 110,5 m sobre el nivel del mar), la cual se encuentra localizada en Talca (Región del Maule, Chile). Una estación meteorológica automática (ADCON A730 MD) y un Sistema de Bowen Ratio (Campbell Scientific, Inc.) fueron instalados en la parte central de la cubierta vegetal para medir variables climáticas (temperatura, humedad relativa, velocidad del viento y radiación solar) y componentes del balance de energía en intervalos de 20 minutos (LE, Rn y G), respectivamente. Los resultados indicaron que el modelo FAO (ecuación de Penman – Monteith) fue capaz de predecir la ET0 en intervalos horarios con una desviación estándar del error (DEE) de 0,069 mm/h y un error absoluto (Ea) de 1,28 %. En intervalos diarios, el modelo predijo la ET0 con una DEE de 0,32 mm/d y un Ea igual a 5,72 %. Para la radiación neta, el estudio indicó que la ecuación propuesta por la FAO presentó un Ea de 8,54 % (DEE = 0,057 mm/h) y 8,2 % (DEE = 0,58 mm/d), respectivamente. Por otra parte, el modelo propuesto por la FAO para estimar los valores de G en intervalos horarios y diarios, presentó un Ea de 22 % y 118,3 %, respectivamente

The application of diode laser in the treatment of oral soft tissues lesions. A literature review

Since its appearance in the dental area, the laser has become a treatment of choice in the removal of lesions in the oral soft tissues, due to the numerous advantages they offer, being one of the most used currently the diode laser. The aim of this review was to determine the efficacy and predictability of diode laser as a treatment of soft tissue injuries compared to other surgical methods. A literature review of articles published in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases between 2007 and 2017 was performed. ?Diode laser?, ?soft tissue?, ?oral cavity? and ?oral surgery? were employed for the search strategy. Only articles published English or Spanish were selected. The diode laser is a minimally invasive technology that offers great advantages, superior to those of the conventional scalpel, such as reduction of bleeding, inflammation and the lower probability of scars. Its effectiveness is comparable to that of other types of lasers, in addition to being an option of lower cost and greater ease of use. Its application in the soft tissues has been evaluated, being a safe and effective method for the excision of lesions like fibromas, epulis fissuratum and the accomplishment of frenectomies. The diode laser can be used with very good results for the removal of lesions in soft tissues, being used in small exophytic lesions due to their easy application, adequate coagulation, no need to suture and the slightest inflammation and pain

Correlación entre estrés, niveles de cortisol y estrategias de afrontamiento en pacientes con cáncer sometidos a tratamiento

Introduction: Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2012 14 million new cases and 8.2 million deaths. (WHO, 2019). Patients in treatment, surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been shown to have high levels of cortisol that influence their quality of life. Objective: to identify the relationship between stress, cortisol level and coping strategies in cancer patients undergoing treatment. Material and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study conducted June to December 2018. In 65 male and female patients under treatment. Results: 68.2% were women 31.8% men, between 17 and 76 years. With diagnoses Ca breast (30.3%), prostate cancer (18.3), colon (15.2), lung (13.6), cervical (12.1% gastric (9.1%) skin cancer (1.5%). Statistics: 35.3% reported cortisol at normal levels and 64.5% high levels; stress averaged 13.9 (DE s 4.64). On the level of cortisol and the type of treatment, significant differences were observed (X2 x 1,546, p .04), i.e. the patient who has a mixed treatment cortisol is higher. Conclusions: It is important to reevaluate the strategies focused on the problem, analyze implications and propose studies in the context in which they operate, in the future develop an intervention including nursing activities in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, supporting effective coping strategies. minimizing threats focused on the problem, it is important to have a deeper comprehensive approach.Introducción: El cáncer es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo, según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en 2012 14 millones de casos nuevos y 8,2 millones de muertes. Se demostró que los pacientes en tratamiento, cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia tienen niveles altos de cortisol que influye en su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre el estrés, a nivel de cortisol y las estrategias de afrontamiento en pacientes con cáncer sometidos a tratamiento.Material y métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional realizado junio a diciembre del 2019. Resultados epidemiológicos: 68.2% mujeres 31.8 % hombres, entre 17 y 76 años, con diagnósticos de: Ca mama (30.3%), de próstata (18.3), colon (15.2), pulmón (13.6), cervical (12.1% gástrico (9.1%) cáncer de piel (1.5%). Estadísticos: El 35,3% informaron cortisol a niveles normales y 64.5% niveles altos; el estrés obtuvo un promedio de 13.9 (DE = 4.64). Sobre el nivel de cortisol y el tipo de tratamiento, se observaron diferencias significativas (X2 = 1,546, p = .04), es decir, el paciente que tienen un tratamiento mixto el cortisol es más alto. Conclusiones: Es importante reevaluar las estrategias centradas en el problema, analizar implicaciones y proponer estudios en el contexto en que se desenvuelven, en futuro desarrollar una intervención incluyendo actividades de enfermería en la quimioterapia y radioterapia, apoyando estrategias de afrontamiento efectivas. En este sentido y derivado de la minimización de amenazas centradas en el problema, es importante tener un enfoque integral más profundo

Prognostic implications of comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A multicenter, observational study

Background The clinical heterogeneity of COVID-19 suggests the existence of different phenotypes with prognostic implications. We aimed to analyze comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients and assess their impact on in-hospital outcomes, response to treatment and sequelae. Methods Multicenter prospective/retrospective observational study in intensive care units of 55 Spanish hospitals. 5866 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients had comorbidities recorded at hospital admission; clinical and biological parameters, in-hospital procedures and complications throughout the stay; and, clinical complications, persistent symptoms and sequelae at 3 and 6 months. Findings Latent class analysis identified 3 phenotypes using training and test subcohorts: low-morbidity (n=3385; 58%), younger and with few comorbidities; high-morbidity (n=2074; 35%), with high comorbid burden; and renal-morbidity (n=407; 7%), with chronic kidney disease (CKD), high comorbidity burden and the worst oxygenation profile. Renal-morbidity and high-morbidity had more in-hospital complications and higher mortality risk than low-morbidity (adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.57 (1.34-1.84) and 1.16 (1.05-1.28), respectively). Corticosteroids, but not tocilizumab, were associated with lower mortality risk (HR (95% CI) 0.76 (0.63-0.93)), especially in renal-morbidity and high-morbidity. Renal-morbidity and high-morbidity showed the worst lung function throughout the follow-up, with renal-morbidity having the highest risk of infectious complications (6%), emergency visits (29%) or hospital readmissions (14%) at 6 months (p<0.01). Interpretation Comorbidity-based phenotypes were identified and associated with different expression of in-hospital complications, mortality, treatment response, and sequelae, with CKD playing a major role. This could help clinicians in day-to-day decision making including the management of post-discharge COVID-19 sequelae. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

Radiation and Dust Sensor for Mars Environmental Dynamic Analyzer Onboard M2020 Rover

32 pags., 26 figs., 3 tabs. -- This article belongs to the Section Remote SensorsThe Radiation and Dust Sensor is one of six sensors of the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer onboard the Perseverance rover from the Mars 2020 NASA mission. Its primary goal is to characterize the airbone dust in the Mars atmosphere, inferring its concentration, shape and optical properties. Thanks to its geometry, the sensor will be capable of studying dust-lifting processes with a high temporal resolution and high spatial coverage. Thanks to its multiwavelength design, it will characterize the solar spectrum from Mars' surface. The present work describes the sensor design from the scientific and technical requirements, the qualification processes to demonstrate its endurance on Mars' surface, the calibration activities to demonstrate its performance, and its validation campaign in a representative Mars analog. As a result of this process, we obtained a very compact sensor, fully digital, with a mass below 1 kg and exceptional power consumption and data budget features.This work has been funded with the help of the Spanish National Research, Development and Innovation Program, through the grants RTI2018-099825-B-C31, ESP2016-80320-C2-1-R and ESP2014-54256-C4-3-R. DT acknowledges the financial support from the Comunidad de Madrid for an “Atracción de Talento Investigador” grant (2018-T2/TIC10500). ASL is supported by Grant PID2019-109467GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19. The US co-authors performed their work under sponsorship from NASA’s Mars 2020 project, from the Game Changing Development program within the Space Technology Mission Directorate, and from the Human Exploration and Operations Directorate.Peer reviewe

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality